جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سیر » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Parkinson's disease is associated with a dysfunction in the inflammatory system. This study aims to evaluate the effects of eight weeks of aerobic training combined with garlic supplementation on the expression of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) genes in the brain tissue of reserpine-induced parkinsonian rats.

In this experimental study, 32 reserpine-induced parkinsonian rats (administered an intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg reserpine) were divided into four groups: 1) reserpine, 2) aerobic training (AT) for eight weeks, 3) garlic supplementation (G), and 4) AT + G. Additionally, eight healthy rats were included in a healthy control group. The aerobic training regimen consisted of five sessions per week for eight weeks, with each session lasting between 15 and 48 minutes at a speed of 10 to 24 m/min. Rats received 500 mg/kg/day of aqueous garlic extract via gavage. The gene expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the brain tissue were measured using the RT-PCR method. Motor balance was assessed using a rotarod device.

IFN-γ gene expression was significantly lower in the G, AT, and AT + G groups compared to the reserpine group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, IL-4 levels and motor balance scores were significantly higher in these groups than in the reserpine group (P < 0.001). Notably, the combined effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise (AT) with garlic supplementation (G) on reducing IFN-γ gene expression levels and enhancing motor balance was significantly more favorable than that of garlic supplementation alone (P ≥ 0.05).

Both aerobic exercise and garlic supplementation seem to exert beneficial effects on the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory systems in the brain tissue, as well as on motor balance in neurological diseases. These findings suggest that integrating aerobic training with garlic supplementation may enhance therapeutic approaches for managing Parkinson's disease.

Exercise induces various adaptations, including increased antioxidant capacity, enhanced mitochondrial size, and improved insulin signaling. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise along with aqueous garlic extract consumption on markers of cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis in diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (5 weeks old, weighing 162.1 ± 15.2 grams) were obtained from the Pasteur Institute. Eight rats were assigned to the healthy control group (CN). The remaining 32 rats were rendered diabetic through a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) and were randomly divided into four groups: diabetes (DM), diabetes + exercise (TDM), diabetes + garlic (GDM), and diabetes + exercise + garlic (TGDM). The exercise groups underwent an aerobic exercise program on a treadmill for 8 weeks. Additionally, each rat received 1 milliliter of garlic extract (0.4 g per 100 g of body weight) via gavage daily. Changes in the expression of PGC-1α and Nrf2 genes were measured in heart tissue using real-time PCR.

Induction of diabetes resulted in a significant decrease in PGC-1α (P=0.0001) and Nrf2 (P=0.0001) gene expression compared to the control group. In the TDM group, PGC-1α and Nrf2 expressions significantly increased (P=0.038 and P=0.031, respectively), as did those in the GDM group (P=0.036 and P=0.025, respectively) compared to the DM group. However, the combined intervention of exercise and garlic supplementation did not yield significant improvements compared to each intervention alone regarding PGC-1α and Nrf2 expression (P< 0.05).

Both garlic supplementation and exercise may inhibit streptozotocin-induced cardiac damage by upregulating the PGC-1α and Nrf2 pathways. Further studies are warranted to explore this area more comprehensively.

 Diabetes causes damage to various tissues, including the testicles. Garlic and Cambodian mushrooms play an important role in preventing diabetes complications in the testicles due to their antioxidant properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Cambodian mushroom extract and garlic on testicular damage in healthy and diabetic desert mice.

 40 male Wistar rat heads were divided into 5 groups of 8, including control group, negative control group (witness) (diabetic, with mg/kg 55 Streptozotocin intraperitoneal), experimental group 1 (diabetic + mg/kg 50 garlic extract), experimental group 2 (diabetic + 50 mg/kg Cambodian mushroom), and experimental group 3 (diabetic + mg/kg 50 Cambodian mushroom and mg/kg 50 garlic extract). After two months of diabetes, the mice received the extracts subcutaneously for two weeks. The mice were then anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine, and the testes were examined macroscopically and microscopically.

 The diabetic group showed a significant decrease in spermatogenic cells compared to the control group. Conversely, the experimental groups showed a significant increase in spermatogenic cells compared to the diabetic group.

 The findings of this study demonstrate that prolonged oral intake of garlic and Cambodian extract enhances the secretion of the blood hormones insulin and testosterone, and promotes the spermatogenesis process.

 Nrf2 transcription factor is the major regulator of antioxidant proteins and is expressed with PPARγ in all tissues of the body. Furthermore, garlic includes hypoglycemic effects by preventing the inactivation of insulin. The aim of this study was to explain effects of resistance training with garlic supplementation on Nrf2 and PPARγ gene expression in streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats.

In the present study, study method was experimental. To carry out the present laboratory study, 40 5-w-old male Wistar rats weighing 162.12 g ±15.24 were selected and randomly divided into five control groups of healthy, diabetes, diabetes-exercise, diabetes-garlic and diabetes-exercise-garlic groups. Rats became diabetics by injecting nicotinamide and intraperitoneally injecting STZ after 15 min. Rats in the supplement groups received 500 mg of garlic extract per kilogram of the body weight daily by oral gavage. Resistance training was carried out on a ladder with a slope of 80° and with weights equal to 30–100% of the body weight. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used for inferential analysis of data.

In general, Nrf2 expression significantly increased in diabetes-exercise (p = 0.022), diabetes-garlic (p = 0.029) and diabetes-exercise-garlic (p = 0.001) groups, compared to diabetic group; and diabetes-exercise-garlic compared to diabetes-exercise (p = 0.048) and diabetes-garlic group (p = 0.038). Expression of PPARγ increased significantly in diabetes-exercise (p = 0.021), diabetes-garlic (p = 0.046) and diabetes-exercise-garlic (p = 0.006) groups, compared to diabetic group.

Possibly, consumption of garlic extract, resistance training and a combination of resistance training with garlic extract supplement improve the antioxidant status and decrease the oxidative stress of the liver through the upregulation of Nrf2 and PPARγ.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in brain tissue plays a significant role in the development of Parkinson's disease. This study aimed to assess the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on the gene expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1-a) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in the brain tissue of elderly rats with Parkinson's disease.

In this experimental study, 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: 1) healthy control (HC), 2) Parkinson's control (Res), 3) Parkinson's-aerobic exercise (AT), 4) Parkinson-garlic supplement (G), and 5) Parkinson-aerobic exercise-garlic supplement (AT+G). Parkinson's disease was induced by injecting 2 mg/kg of reserpine. Aerobic training was conducted five times a week, with each session lasting 15-48 minutes at speeds ranging from 10 to 24 meters per minute over 8 weeks. The supplement groups received a daily dose of 500 mg/kg of garlic via gavage. The gene expression of PGC1-a and TFAM in brain tissue was assessed using real-time PCR.

The expression of the PGC1-a gene in the G, AT, and AT+G groups was significantly higher than that in the Res group, with the AT+G group showing significantly higher expression than the G group (P=0.001). TFAM gene expression in the AT (P=0.005) and AT+G (P=0.001) groups was significantly higher than in the Res group, with the AT+G group exhibiting higher expression compared to the G and AT groups (P=0.001).

The results suggest that the combination of exercise and garlic supplementation may have additive or synergistic effects on mitochondrial health and function in Parkinson's disease.

Diabetes is associated with hormonal and biochemical changes, and with the production of free radicals and oxidative stress, it plays an important role in the occurrence of many metabolic injuries. Garlic plant and kombucha mushroom play a major role in the prevention and treatment of complications caused by oxidative stress due to their antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.

40 male Wistar rats, divided into five groups of eight, including: control (diabetic and receiving citrate buffer), Negative control group (diabetic, with 55 mg/kg of streptozotocin intraperitoneally), experimental group 1 (diabetic and receiving 50 mg/kg garlic extract), experimental group 2 (diabetic and receiving 50 mg/kg kombucha mushroom) and experimental group 3 (diabetic and receiving 50 mg/kg kombucha mushroom and 50 mg/kg of garlic extract) were divided. After two months passed after the mice became diabetic, the extracts were injected subcutaneously for two weeks. After that, the rats were anesthetized with ketamine and xylisine, and blood was taken directly from the heart.

The Negative control group had higher glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL and lower insulin and HDL than the control group. The treatment groups of garlic, kombucha and garlic + kombucha caused a significant decrease in glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL levels and a significant increase in HDL and insulin compared to the Negative control group (p < 0.05). The highest therapeutic effect was shown by the garlic + kombuja group.

The combined extract of kombucha and garlic has favorable effects on sugar control and reducing cholesterol and Triglyceride.

Several studies have reported that obesity causes vascular disorders in all tissues such as the heart and even the central nervous system along with disorders in the function of the hypothalamus, in such a way that these disorders in the nervous system, especially in the hypothalamus as the center of homeostasis and control of satiety and hunger can cause a significant increase in weight at different ages and even in children. Recent studies have led researchers to the etiology of this global epidemic and have drawn their attention to the influence of genetics, environmental factors, social and behavioral factors. Appetite is a physiological response to eating food, and behavioral signals and energy fluctuations throughout the day regulate the appetite in the central nervous system. Among these, the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin can cause the development and evolution of some behaviors related to appetite through the regulation of the interval between two meals and the role of this neurotransmitter in inducing satiety. On the other hand, some studies have shown that moderate and intense sports activity and even intense intermittent exercise led to an increase in serotonin levels, which can have an effect on the caloric intake of obese women. In addition, recently, the attention of sports science researchers has been drawn to the use of medicinal plants effective in fat metabolism. Among medicinal herbs, there has been a recent increase in interest in naturally sweet herbs such as stevia and garlic. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of endurance training with garlic and stevia supplementation on serotonin gene expression and serotonin receptor in the brain tissue of obese Wistar rats.

35 obese male Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet (24 grams of fat, 24 grams of protein and 41 grams of carbohydrates per 100 grams) were divided into seven groups, including: 1) Sham. 2) stevia supplement, 3) garlic supplement, 4) endurance exercise, 5) stevia supplement+endurance exercise, 6) garlic supplement+endurance exercise, and 7) healthy control. The training groups performed incremental endurance training for 15-50 minutes at a speed of 15-25 meters per minute, five sessions per week for eight weeks. Garlic and stevia supplements were added to the diet of the supplemented groups at a dose of 250 mg/kg. 48 hours after the last training session and in a state of 12 hours of fasting, the rats were anesthetized with ketamine (80 mg/kg) and xylosin (15 mg/kg) in a ratio of 3 to 1. Further, after ensuring complete anesthesia and painlessness, rats were perfused with 10 cc of 9% sodium chloride to drain the brain tissue from the blood. In order to extract the brain tissue, first the rats were completely restrained and after cutting the upper part of the skull, the brain tissue was carefully separated, and after weighing and washing, they were placed in special tissue preservation cryotypes and immediately cooled to -80 were transferred. The qReal Time PCR method was used to measure the gene expression levels of the variables in the brain tissue. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test was used for the data analysis. All statistical methods were performed using SPSS version 26 software at a significance level of P<0.05.

Regarding serotonin, the results showed that there was no significant difference in serotonin gene expression level between the healthy control group and the sham group (P = 0.903). Also, there was no significant difference between the sham group with stevia (P = 0.856), garlic (P = 0.994), endurance training+stevia (P = 0.303) and endurance training+garlic (P = 0.094). However, the results showed that the serotonin gene expression level of the endurance exercise group was significantly higher than that of the sham group (P = 0.000). Another important result is that there was no significant difference between the stevia and garlic groups (P = 0.996). However, adding endurance training to stevia had a significant effect on serotonin gene expression, so that the level of serotonin gene expression in the stevia+exercise group was significantly higher than the stevia group (P = 0.022). Also, adding endurance training to garlic caused the level of serotonin gene expression in the garlic+exercise group to be significantly higher than the stevia (P = 0.005) and garlic (P = 0.021) groups. Finally, the expression level of serotonin gene in the exercise group was significantly higher than all groups (P < 0.05).Regarding the serotonin receptor, the results showed that the expression level of the serotonin receptor gene in the healthy control group is significantly higher than the sham group (P = 0.003). Also, the level of serotonin receptor gene expression in stevia (P = 0.000), exercise (P = 0.000), exercise+garlic (P = 0.002) groups was significantly higher than the sham group. From other important results, it can be stated that the level of serotonin receptor gene expression in the stevia group was significantly higher than that of the garlic group (P = 0.000). Adding endurance exercise to stevia caused the serotonin receptor gene expression level to be significantly lower than the stevia group (P = 0.000). But, adding endurance exercise to garlic caused the serotonin receptor gene expression level to be significantly higher than the garlic group (P = 0.006). Finally, the expression level of the serotonin receptor gene in the exercise group was significantly higher than all groups (P < 0.05).

It seems that aerobic exercise with stevia supplement with AMPK activation mechanism activates hormone-sensitive lipase, improves fat and sugar metabolism and increases the expression of metabolic proteins in the hypothalamus. Therefore, it seems that consumption of stevia and aerobic exercise have synergistic effects in modulating and increasing serotonin in the brain tissue of desert rats exposed to high-fat food. Therefore, it can be concluded that endurance training with stevia supplementation synergistically affects the appetite control protein. However, more studies are needed on the changes in serotonin and serotonin receptor levels following the exercise and supplements used in this study.

Oxidative lipid damage is a reaction that requires the attack of free bases on unsaturated fatty acids with multiple bonds. Garlic with antioxidant effects can reduce the index of cell membrane damage while counteracting the adverse effects of oxidative stress caused by diseases. The aim of the present study was to answer the lipid peroxidation index to long-term consumption of garlic following strenuous exercise.

An experimental study was conducted on inactive male students of Ahar Azad University with an age range of 23-23 years. Totally, 26 people were selected based on research background and randomly divided into three groups of placebo and garlic supplement in two doses of 500 and 1000 Mg distributed on a daily basis. The first and second blood samples were obntained at baseline after strenuous exercise and the third and fourth samples were taken after 8 weeks of supplementation and under the same conditions to measure lipid peroxidation index. For data analysis, repeated measures analysis of variance and one-way Tukey post hoc test were used at the significant level of p <0.05.

The findings showed that a session of helpless exercise increases a significant increase in lipid damage (p <0.05). In addition, long-term supplementation of garlic pills with doses of 500 and 1000 mg per day reduces basal lipid damage after strenuous exercise. Also, taking 1000 mg of garlic tablets has a greater effect compared with the 500-mg dose (p <0.05).

Therefore, it can cautiously be suggested that long-term garlic supplementation, especially the 1000-mg dose, be used to prevent oxidative stress from strenuous exercise.

Garlic and cinnamon extracts, like fluoride varnish, play a role in caries control due to their antimicrobial effect and controlling demineralization. This analytical laboratory study was conducted in 2021 to investigate the antimicrobial effect of garlic and cinnamon extracts compared with fluoride varnish in controlling the infection of oral Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus mutans.

The disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration tests were used to check the antimicrobial effect. Ampicillin and Erythromycin discs were used for positive control and sterile physiological serum was used for negative control. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test.

In disk diffusion test, cinnamon along with fluoride varnish (10.0±1.0mm) caused a significant increase in the diameter of the growth inhibition halo of L. acidophilus (P<0.001), However, the largest growth inhibition halo diameters in L. acidophilus and S. mutans were associated with garlic-cinnamon-varnish (12.0±1.58mm) and fluoride varnish (9.0±0.71mm), respectively. In both strains, the antimicrobial effect of garlic extract was significantly lower than other compounds (P<0.001). The most inhibitory and bactericidal effects were associated with fluoride varnish seen in S. mutans.

According to this study, cinnamon and fluoride varnish has a synergistic antimicrobial effect against L. acidophilus in laboratory conditions. Also, cinnamon extract due to similar effects to fluoride varnish, can be useful as an alternative agent in controlling and preventing dental caries.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. Garlic and ginger have been widely studied as antioxidant agents. In this study, we investigated the combined effect of garlic and ginger on BALB/c mice with breast cancer.

Breast tumor–bearing female mice were divided into 7 groups: 1 group receiving normal saline, 2 groups receiving different doses of ginger extract (100 and 500 mg/kg), 2 groups receiving garlic extract (50 and 100 mg/kg), 1 group receiving tamoxifen (10 mg/kg), and 1 group receiving garlic (100 mg/kg) and ginger (500 mg/kg) together. The treatments were administered intraperitoneally for 3 weeks. After this period, the size of tumor, glutathione transferase levels, and expression of ABCG2 and SPARC genes were measured.

Tumor size significantly decreased in all groups. The level of glutathione transferase increased in all groups, and this increase was significant except in the groups receiving garlic and ginger at a dose of 100 mg/kg. The expression of SPARC, a biomarker for cancer, was significantly reduced in all groups. The expression of ABCG2, encoding the breast cancer resistance protein, decreased in all groups, and this decrease was significant in groups receiving garlic at 50 mg/kg and tamoxifen.

Garlic and ginger can be useful in the treatment of cancer. This anticancer action is probably mediated through the antioxidant mechanism and inhibition of the expression of genes responsible for drug resistance in cancer. The simultaneous use of garlic and ginger did not produce a synergistic effect. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine the required doses as well as the mechanisms of this action.

Despite numerous treatments, head lice are still a health problem, especially in female students. In this study, the effect of topical application of Allium Sativum and Mentha Pulegium on the severity of head lice infection has been investigated.

A multi-stage randomized clinical trial study was performed on 120 female primary and secondary school students with head lice in Gonabad. After obtaining written consent from parents and oral consent from students, a demographic questionnaire and a checklist were completed. One group was given a decoction Allium Sativum and Mentha Pulegium and the other group was given 4% dimethicone lotion twice a week. Evaluation was made before, 7 days and 14 days after the intervention.

The severity of lice infection during the interventions in both groups decreased significantly (P=0.001), but the frequency of severity of infection before, 7 days after and 14 days after intervention was not statistically significant in the two groups.

Our findings suggest that both Allium Sativum and Mentha Pulegium can be used for the treatment of head lice infection.

Obesity is recognized as a modern global epidemic disease (2). Clinical and epidemiological evidence suggests that obesity is associated with a wide variety of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Obesity can increase CVD mortality (3-5). Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) is a family of lipids and protein kinases that are transmitted in intracellular signals and are involved in regulating a wide variety of biological processes including cellular metabolic control and cell proliferation and survival (8). PI3K activation in response to increased myocardial contractility regulates glucose metabolism and oxidation of myocardial fatty acids (10). Also, Tensin homologue (PTEN) is a dual-function lipid and phosphoinositide phosphatase that negatively regulates insulin signaling via the PI3K pathway (11). Evidence shows that exercise reduces the risk of metabolic disease by activating metabolic changes in various tissues of the body (14). An increase in PI3kinase following aerobic exercise has been reported in animal specimens (15, 16). Decreased gene expression as well as PTEN protein in the left ventricular muscle of Wistar rats after eight weeks of swimming training (17) and no significant change in prostate gland PTEN gene expression in male rats after six weeks of continuous training (18). On the other hand, administration of antioxidants can improve heart damage and improve insulin resistance in adipose tissue of obese subjects (19). Meanwhile, garlic with the scientific name of Allium Sativum has long been used as a food flavoring and also its useful properties as a medicine in herbal medicine in the treatment of various diseases have been proven (20). Improvement of diet-induced pathological changes in rat heart tissue following garlic consumption has been reported (22). Considering the potential benefits of garlic and regular exercise in reducing obesity and the potentially beneficial consequences of their interactive effect on heart tissue metabolism, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on expression of metabolic markers in heart tissue of obese rats.

This is an experimental study. 25 male rats (5 healthy adult rats and 20 adults obese male Wistar rats) were randomly divided into five groups: control (healthy), obese, obese-garlic, obese-aerobic training and obese-garlic. 5 healthy adult rats and 20 obese adult male rats exposed to the cycle of dark light (12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness), humidity of 65±5% and temperature of 25±2°C, with free access to water and high-fat food, underwent a high-fat diet. Containing 50% fat (derived from soybean oil), 30% carbohydrate and 20% protein, they weighed 319 g to be considered obese according to the Lee index (23). Aerobic exercise was performed on treadmill, 5 days week for eight weeks (24). After anesthesia, an autopsy was performed and heart tissue was removed. gene expression of PI3K and PTEN in heart tissue were measured using Real Time PCR. Data were analyzed by t-test, One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey at the P<0.05.

The results showed that PI3K mRNA of heart tissue was significantly higher in the obese-garlic, obese-exercise and obese-exercise-garlic groups than the obese control group (P=0.001). Also, PTEN mRNA of heart tissue was significantly lower in obese-garlic, obese-exercise and obese-exercise-garlic groups than the obese control group (P=0.001) (fig. 1-2).

The findings of the present study show that after the intervention, PI3K mRNA of heart tissue was significantly higher and PTEN mRNA of heart tissue was significantly lower in the obese-garlic, obese-exercise and obese-exercise-garlic. The findings of this study were consistent with the results of Previous research (15-17). Regarding the mechanisms affecting PI3K changes, it has been reported that high expression of IGF-1 or IGF receptors activates PI3K (p110α) and induces physiological hypertrophy of the heart (28). Therefore, in our study, aerobic exercise may have altered PI3K levels by affecting IGF-1 levels. Tensin homolog (PTEN) negatively regulates insulin signaling via the PI3K pathway (11). A study has shown that the expression and enzymatic activity of PTEN are strongly regulated at the levels of transcription, translation and protein / protein interaction (30). The PTEN gene can be upregulated by primary growth-regulated transcription factor-1, PPARγ, P53, and transcription-activating factor-2, while beta-transforming growth factor (TGF), nuclear factor-kappa b, and Jun Can set it negatively. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB), transcription factor subunit AP-1 c-Jun and CBF-1 (binding factor regulator C-promoter-1) bind to PTEN promoter to regulate its transcription (31). Exercise in the present study may have altered the gene expression of PTEN in the heart tissue of obese rats by influencing the above factors. also, Regular exercise has been reported to reduce oxidative stress levels, which in turn can reduce PTEN expression levels (18). The mechanism of improvement of metabolic processes following the consumption of garlic has been investigated. Animal studies have shown that dietary supplementation with garlic reduces the activity of lipogenic and cholestrogenic enzymes including malic enzyme, fatty acid synthetase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (34). In the present study, garlic supplementation had significant effect on the expression of PI3K and PTEN genes in the heart tissue of obese rats after the intervention period. Garlic extract has been reported to improve oxidative stress and reduce heart failure in a dose-dependent manner (35). According to the findings of the present study, it is possible that aerobic exercise and garlic supplementation intervention can help improve gene expression of cardiac tissue metabolic markers in obesity. There were limitations in the present study, including the lack of measurement of factors affecting cardiac tissue metabolic indices such as IGF-1 and PPARγ, P53 and TGF, and NF-κB.

Hypertension is associated with changes in the structure and function of the vessels. This study was done to evaluate the effect of aerobic training with Garlic consumption on matrix metalloproteinase-3, 9 (MMP-3, MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in obese postmenopausal women with hypertension.

This double-blind clinical trial study was done on 36 obese postmenopausal women with hypertension. Participants were randomly divided into 4 groups including control group, Garlic consumption, aerobic training and training with Garlic consumption. Subjects in training groups participated in a progressive aerobic training for eight weeks, three sessions a week (55% to 65% of the reserved heart rate and for 30 to 55 min). Garlic and training with Garlic groups consumed 1000 mg of garlic supplement for eight weeks (after breakfast and dinner). Two days before and after the protocol, blood samples were taken in fasting state.

The level of MMP-3 and MMP-9 were significantly decreased in Garlic, aerobic training and training with Garlic groups in compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, the level of MMP-3 in the training with Garlic was significantly reduced in compared to the training and the Garlic groups (P<0.05). MMP-9 in the training with Garlic was significantly reduced in compared to the Garlic group (P<0.05). However, TIMP-1 level were significantly increased in the Garlic, training and training with Garlic in comparison with control group (P<0.05).

Aerobic training alone and in combination with Garlic affect on extracellular matrix thorough reduction of MMP-3, MMP-9 and increasing TIMP-1, improves systolic blood pressure in obese postmenopausal women with hypertension.

The effect of acute endurance exercise after different garlic doses on coagulation factors and blood pressure are not clear. The aim of this study was  to assess the effect of an acute endurance exercise after three garlic doses and acute endurance exercise on factor VIII, fibrinogen and systolic and diastolic pressure in young athletic men.

Fifteen runners (age 27.0±7.9 years; weight 73.9±6.4kg, height 175.3±4.3 cm) voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects took garlic doses (500, 750 and 1000 mg) and placebo in separate sessions. In each session, 4 hour after the supplement or placebo, subjects performed 30 min running on treadmill, 65-85% target heart rate. Blood samples were taken before supplementation, before and immediately after exercise. The difference between doses of garlic after acute endurance exercise were analyzed with ANOVA-repeated measure and Bonferroni. The difference between garlic doses and placebo were analyzed with dependent t-test.

An acute endurance exercise after three dosages significantly increased FVIII, fibrinogen and systolic blood pressure (P˂0.05). The increase of FVIII and Fibrinogen after 500 mg compared to 1000 mg of garlic and an acute endurance exercise was significantly more decreased (P˂0.05). However, an acute endurance training with 1000 mg compared to 500 mg of garlic significantly lower increased systolic blood pressure (P˂0.05). There were no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure after acute endurance exercise and garlic (P>0.05).

Dose of 500 mg compared to 1000 mg of garlic after an acute endurance exercise is the most effective dose for reducing FVIII and fibrinogen. After an acute endurance exercise, 1000 mg compared to 500 mg of garlic is the most effective dose for reducing systolic blood pressure.

Since adipokines affect insulin sensitivity and inflammation, regulation of adipokines may play a critical role in etiology of insulin resistance, which is associated to type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of resistance training with use of aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.) on relative expression levels of CTRP3 and IL-6 and insulin resistance in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into five major groups of control-normal, diabetes, diabetes-training, diabetes-garlic and diabetes-training-garlic groups. Diabetes was induced in rats using intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Training group carried out resistance training for eight weeks (five days per week). The resistance training protocol consisted of climbing a 1-m ladder with a weight attached to the tail sleeve. A dose of 1 ml of garlic extract/100 g body weight was orally administered daily to rats.

Results of the present study showed decreases in CTRP3 relative expression (p = 0. 001) and increases in IL-6 protein (p = 0.001) and HOMA-IR (p = 0. 001) in diabetes groups, compared to control-normal group. The CTRP3 relative expression of diabetes-training (p = 0.037), diabetes-garlic (p = 0.042) and diabetes-training-garlic (p = 0. 001) groups showed significant increases, compared to diabetes group. Furthermore, significant decreases were seen in IL-6 levels in diabetes-training (p = 0.015), diabetes-garlic (p = 0.021) and diabetes-training-garlic (p = 0. 001) groups, compared to diabetes group. The HOMA-IR levels of diabetes-training (p = 0.003), diabetes-garlic (p = 0.049) and diabetes-training-garlic (p = 0.002) groups decreased significantly, compared to diabetes group.

In conclusion, increased CTRP3 expression and decreased IL-6 adipose tissues followed by resistance training and garlic extract use are associated to decreased insulin resistance in diabetic rats.

Garlic (Allium sativum) belongs to the Liliaceae family and green tea (Camellia sinensis) belongs to the Theaceae family are widely used in folk medicine. Antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant activity of these plants have been previously reported. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic activity of the extracts of garlic and green tea on breath cancer cell line (MCF-7) and HDF.

Cytotoxicity of different concentrations (250,500,750 μg/ml) of garlic and green tea ethanolic extracts on MCF-7 and HDF cell lines were examined. The cell lines were grown in RPMI supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% penicillin and streptomycin. The cells were allowed to incubate at 37ºC in an atmosphere that contained 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. The standard MTT assay was performed to estimate cell viability after treatment garlic and green tea extracts.

The results of the MTT assay showed that garlic extract had time and concentration dependent anticancer activities on the MCF- 7 cell line (P<0.01). But, any effect of green tea extract on MCF-7 and HDF cell lines showed.

Results of this survey suggested that garlic extract has a good potential to control of cancer cells.