جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عرفان » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Peace is one of the natural concerns and needs of human beings, which different ideas have offered different solutions to achieve and it is still a subject of debate and opinion. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to examine the place of ethics in achieving peace from the mystic’s perspective from the 8th century to the present time, with an emphasis on Hafez Shirazi.

 This article has been done using descriptive-analytical method and using library resources.

Ethical Considerations: 

In present paper, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness are observed.

 The findings indicate that morality has an effect on achieving peace. From the mystic’s point of view, from the 8th century onwards, especially Hafez Shirazi, the individual elements of ethics, such as patience, austerity and contentment and the social dimensions of ethics, such as tolerance, kindness, forgiveness, good nature, honesty, beneficence and charity are effective in realizing peace.

 According to the results peace is an internal issue that is related to human interiority. Acting in the direction of pushing the ego towards the individual and social elements of morality, is a source of peace. Therefore, to achieve peace, it is necessary to try to strengthen the individual and social elements of morality. In fact, in order to achieve peace, a person must turn to himself and strengthen his moral virtues to calm down.

The purpose of writing this article is to explain epistemology from the point of view of Sohrvardi Aref and extract hints and educational points based on his epistemological views.

The research method is content analysis, and based on this, first, epistemology is introduced from the perspective of Sohrvardi Aref, and then educational points are adapted from his opinions and thoughts.

Suhrvardi considers true knowledge to be the result of ecstasy and heart's taste and intuitive understanding, which is not possible except through cultivation and refinement, divine providence and following the Sharia. In his opinion, going through the knowledge of al-Iqin and Ain al-Iqin is the ultimate limit of knowledge and it is necessary to reach the right of al-Iqin. Education and training based on this type of epistemology, along with education, requires human development according to his natural and heart dimension. In such a way that it leads a person to self-knowledge and self-perception, so that he knows his faults and virtues and fixes or cultivates them.

According to this type of epistemology, personal and inner experience plays an important role in learning.

There is a need for developing theories for professional nursing based on non-Western philosophies and worldviews. For this purpose, the four nursing main concepts of human, environment, health and nursing need to be defined and conceptualized in such a worldview. This study was an attempt to do a concept synthesis of human (person) based on Iranian mysticism and wisdom.

This study is library-based and was carried out using Ryan-Wenger’s method of concept synthesis. Inductively the anatomy of the concept of Walker and Avant were selected as the pre-determined categories; then, deductively the contents were attributed to the categories after studying one third of the items. A critical review was conducted using a targeted search in scientific Persian databases such as Noor, Yasin, Parsi Doc and HodaBlog; and English databases such as Google Scholar and EBSCO as well as thelibraries of the faculties of philosophy and religion of the two universities of Shahid Beheshti and Allameh Tabatabayi, using keywords of perfect human, antropology, the knowledge of ego, the faculties of human ego, temperaments of human and other related terms. Finally, out of 508 sources found, 51 were chosen to be included in this study, which were mostly about to explain the science of self from the perspective of Avicenna, Mulla Sadra, Rumi and Attar. In this study all the ethical considerations wereobserved and the author did not report any conflict of interests.

The attributes of the concept of human include bi-dimensional self, graded soul, tempered body, and the audience of directed order, while the supreme manifestation and graded entity were antecedents and balance/ imbalance and harmony/ disharmony were the outcomes.

The concept synthesis of human in Iranian mysticism and wisdom goes beyond the individualism and subjectivism dominant in Western nursing theories and gives human a profound responsibility for the perfection of self, others and the whole universe.Please cite this article as:Nikfarid L. The Concept of Human Based on Iranian Mysticism and Wisdom: a Step toward Development of a Nursing Theory.

Nurses seek to develop their professional knowledge through theorizing. The philosophical viewpoint dominating the nursing theories is based on Western thought and Iranian mysticism and wisdom are unknown concepts in nursing. For developing a nursing theory, there is first a need to define the main nursing concepts, i.e. human, environment, health and nursing. The aim of this study was to synthesize the concept of environment through an analytical review of the literature on Iranian mysticism and wisdom.

This is a library-based study carried out using Ryan-Wenger’s Concept Synthesis. For this purpose, first the components of the concept proposed by Walker and Avant were inductively selected as predetermined classes and, then, after reviewing one third of the selected literature, the nature of the cases to be placed in each class was deductively determined. In this study all the ethical considerations were observed and the author did not report any conflict of interests.

Based on the results, ‘manifestation’ and ‘existential orders’ were defined as the antecedents, ‘order of the creations’, ‘essential movement’, ‘temperament’, ‘sacred predisposition’ and ‘cosmic order’ were defined as the attributes and ‘balance/imbalance’ and ‘harmony/disharmony’ were the outcomes of the concept of environment.

The concept of environment in the Iranian mysticism and wisdom has a dynamic nature and includes physical/nonphysical creations including human beings; every single component inside it is affected by the whole. This is a more comprehensive definition of nursing compared to the current humanistic definitions in nursing theories, which are mainly individualistic and humanistic; it sees the nature of human being along with other creatures and the Creator and taking into account the influence of creations on each other’s health.