جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عصاره آبی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Today, the main strategy for the treatment of bacterial infections is the use of antibiotics, but due to side effects and increased antibiotic resistance, the use of complementary or alternative methods to treat infectious diseases has become particularly important.

Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Peganum harmala seeds were prepared by soaking method. The MIC and MBC of the extracts were determined for one strain of Streptococcus sanguinis. The synergistic effect of the produced extracts with the antibiotics ampicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin was also investigated.

The results of this study showed that aqueous extract of Peganum harmala in concentrations of 1250 and 2500 μg / ml, and alcoholic extract of this plant in concentrations of 625 and 1250 μg / ml have inhibitory and lethal effect on the studied bacteria, respectively. In the study of the phenomenon of synergism between aqueous and alcoholic extracts with the studied antibiotics, which was done by the checkerboard method, it was found that the alcoholic extract of this plant has synergistic effect with the antibiotic clindamycin.

Alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala seeds can show a good antibacterial effect against Streptococcus sanguinis, one of the important species living in the mouth and the cause of endocarditis. Further research on the extraction and purification of effective compounds from this plant and the study of therapeutic effects or its possible side effects in the living organism, can be a step towards the use of herbal medicines as a supplement or alternative to common antibiotics.

Cuscuta chinensis L. is a widely used medicinal plant with little data on its standardization. This study aims to contribute to the efficiency and safety of its use by preliminary investigation on its physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics.

The extract was concentrated at low temperature to prepare a dry powder. Sensory evaluation was used to determine the organoleptic characteristics. Then the percentage of total ash, ash insoluble in acid and dry residue was measured by Pharmacopeia method. Total phenol and total flavonoid content as well as rutin content were measured by HPLC spectroscopic methods. The total number of microbes and the presence of the main pathogens were also investigated.

The dried aqueous extract of C. chinensis was a powder with a brown color, herbal odor, the amounts of total ash and acid insoluble ash were28.16, 9.1%, respectively, and the amount of dry residue was 05.7%. The amount of total phenol content was 55.61 ± 9.02 mg Gallic acid/g and the amount of total flavonoid was 25.27 ± 1.2 mg Catechin/g. The total number of live bacteria, fungi, and yeast was less than 10 cfu/ml, and the sample did not contain the main pathogens under investigation.

The results of this study provide data on some physicochemical properties of C. chinensis extract that were not available in other resources. However, in order to achieve accurate standardization criteria, more information is needed, which can be obtained from more extensive research.

Some plants have antiseptic properties with no harm to humans or animals. In this study, we aim to assess the effects of Ailanthus altissima and Salvia nemorosa extracts on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus vulgaris in vitro.

Ailanthus altissima leaves and flowered branch of Salvia nemorosa were collected and dried in shade and powdered. Their aqueous, hydroalcoholic and methanolic extracts were prepared separately from the plants by Maceration method at four concentrations of 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/mL which were used in Mueller-Hinton Agar culture medium by the well diffusion method. Saponin was extracted was using 20% ethanol. The statistical results were analyzed in GraphPad Prism v.7 software.

The aqueous extract of Salvia nemorosa was more effective on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (mean non-growth halo diameter = 26±1 mm). The diameter of the non-growth halo with Ailanthus altissima methanolic extract was 17.5±0.5 mm in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 16.5±0.5 mm in Staphylococcus aureus, and the effect was significant (P<0.0001). Only Ailanthus altissima hydroalcoholic extract had an effect on Proteus vulgaris. High saponin content of two plants increased their effectiveness.

Aqueous extract of Salvia nemorosa is recommended to inhibit the growth and proliferation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic infectious disease in Iran. Failure to treat the disease requires the use of effective medicinal plants. Different species of Artemisia have anti leishmania activity. The aim of this study was to study effect of aqueous extract of Artemisia aucheri seed on Promastigote and Amastigote of leishmania major in vitro.

In this study, the aqueous extract of Artemisia aucheri was prepared. The concentration of Artemisia aucheri was 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µg/ml to investigate on promastigote and amastigote of Leishmania major. The effects of concentrations on leishmania promastigotes, non-infected macrophages and amastigote-infected macrophages were investigated by MTT and flow cytometry tests. The effect of the extract on apoptosis in promastigotes was investigated by flow cytometry.

In this study, the aqueous extract of Artemisia aucheri was prepared. The concentration of Artemisia aucheri was 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µg/ml to investigate on promastigote and amastigote of Leishmania major. The effects of concentrations on leishmania promastigotes, non-infected macrophages and amastigote-infected macrophages were investigated by MTT and flow cytometry tests. The effect of the extract on apoptosis in promastigotes was investigated by flow cytometry. IC50 of extract was 37.5 µg /ml for promastigotes. At this concentration there was a 50% inhibition of growth.

Aqueous extract of Artemisia aucheri seed had good activity in destroying Leishmania major promastigotes in culture and Leishmania major amastigotes in macrophages and the extract was able to induce apoptosis in 9.28% of promastigotes.

 Nowadays, adding biological compounds to free and fine-grained form in food packaging is one of the appropriate technologies . This study was performed to prepare a new degradable coating with free form and encapsulation of aqueous extract of Heracleum persicum L. with nanochitosan to increase the shelf life and improve the sensory properties of shrimp during refrigeration.

 In order to coat shrimp samples, nanochitosan with extract of Heracleum persicum L. 1.5-3% was used freely and finely coated and the effects of different coatings were prepared for microbial, chemical and sensory evaluation of shrimp during 16 Day in refrigerator. The aqueous extract of Heracleum persicum L.  was prepared, and in the next stage, the free aqueous extract became nanoliposomes.

 The results of this study showed that encapsulation increases the antioxidant, antibacterial and sensory properties of the extract. Nanochitosan coatings containing encapsulation of aqueous extract of Heracleum persicum L. can effectively prevent microbial growth and chemical spoilage at low pH and the results of peroxide measurements thiobarbituric acid measurements and total volatile nitrogen measurements (P <0/05).

Nanochitosan containing aqueous extract of finely coated Heracleum persicum L. extract in comparison with the control treatments, nanochitosan and nanochitosan containing aqueous extract of Heracleum persicum L.  showed the most significant effect on the chemical, bacteriological and sensory properties of coated shrimp during the experimental period. Therefore, the form of nanochitosan containing aqueous extract of 3% finely coated Heracleum persicum L. can be used as a suitable coating to increase food in the food industry.

Appearance of multidrug-resistant bacteria has created significant clinical problems in treatment of infectious diseases. Sonchus oleraceus plant with many medicinal properties can be a potential source of antibacterial effects.

Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of S. oleraceus were prepared by maceration  and antibacterial effect of these extracts as well as latex on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated by micro broth dilution method and MIC/ MBC according to CLSI.

Minimum lethal concentrations in latex and aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts for E. coli respectively 7.8, 15.6 and 7.8 mg / ml and for S. aureus, respectively. 3.9, 7.8 and 62.5 mg / ml were obtained. The highest antibacterial effect was observed in plant latex on S. aureus according to the diameter of inhibition zone.

This study presents the first results of the antibacterial effects of latex and aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of S. oleraceus in Iran. The highest inhibitory effect was related to latex at 3.9 mg / ml on S. aureus. Further studies can help us understand the antimicrobial potential of this plant.
Keywords: Sonchus oleraceus, Latex, Aqueous extract, Hydroalcoholic extract, S. aureus, E. coli

Walnut is a rich source of health-promoting flavonoids and phenolics with antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro antimicrobial effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of walnut leaf on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria innocua.

Aqueous and ethanolic extract of walnut leaf were extracted by maceration method. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated through pour plate, disk diffusion agar, well diffusion agar, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Data were analyzed by SPSS software and Duncan test (p < 0.05).

All the bacterial species were sensitive to the extract. In disk and well diffusion agar methods, S. aureus was the most sensitive bacteria to the aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The MIC of the aqueous extract of walnut leaf for Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua was 50, 50, 25, 12.5 and 25 mg/ml, respectively. The MIC of the ethanolic extract of walnut leaf for Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua was 50, 50, 25, 12.5 and 12.5 mg/ml, respectively. For all bacteria the MBC of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of walnut leaf was larger than the MIC.

The antimicrobial effect of the ethanolic extract was higher than the aqueous extract, and grampositive bacteria were more sensitive to the extract compared to the gram-negative ones. The aqueous/ethanolic extract of walnut leaf could be used as a natural antimicrobial.

Concerns have been raised about the toxic effects of medicinal plants due to their increased consumption. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatotoxic effects of aqueous extract of valerian in laboratory mice.

After preparation of plant materials and aqueous extract of valerian, concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight were administered to laboratory mice for 14 days. On the day 14th, blood samples were taken from the hearts of mice after anesthesia and the serum levels of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were studied. Furthermore, the animalschr('39') weight was recorded at 0, 7 and 14 days and weight changes were also studied.

The results of the present study showed the concentration-dependent effects of aqueous extract of valerian on increasing serum levels of liver enzymes such as ALT, AST, ALP and GGT and the highest serum levels of these enzymes were observed at a concentration of 20 mg/kg. Moreover, the concentration of 20 mg/kg aqueous extract of valerian caused severe weight loss in mice over a period of 14 days.

In general, it was concluded that a concentration of 20 mg/kg causes liver damage. However, low concentrations of 10 mg/kg valerian extract showed no toxic effects on the liver. Therefore, in the formulations prepared from valerian, attention to the concentration of the extract is very important and the use of lower concentrations to prevent hepatotoxicity is very important.

Cancer can spread to distant parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. Angiogenesis is a fundamental step in the transition of tumors from a dormant state to a malignant. Some changes in cancerous cells can be improved and treated using herbal extracts. Salvia species in Iranian traditional medicine were used against various infections, inflammatory diseases.This study was done to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Salvia atropatana leaf on subcutaneous tumor model of CT26 colon carcinoma in Mice.

In this experimental study, for the induction of colon carcinoma, 26CT cells were injected into 18 BALB/c male Mice. Subcutaneous injection was done in the right side of the animal. When the size of the tumor was 50±350 mm3, 18 Mice were randomly allocated into 3 groups, including controls, aqueous extracts a breakdown of each dose 50 and 100 mg/kg/bw. The group containing the aqueous extracts of Salvia atropatana leaf was injected for 14 days, daily. To monitor the therapeutic effects, the parameters of the stopping rate in the growth of the tumor, the relative volume changes and the doubling of tumor volume were evaluated. After sacrificed the animals at the end the fourteenth day of the study, tumors were dissected for histological study.

The volume of tumors and the mean density of the number of vessels was significantly reduced in treated group 1 (50 mg/kg/bw of aqueous extracts of Salvia atropatana leaf) and treated group 2 (100 mg/kg/bw of aqueous extracts of Salvia atropatana leaf) in compared to control group (P<0.05). Reduction in density of cells and vascular sections was significantly reduced in treated group 1 (50 mg/kg/bw of aqueous extracts of Salvia atropatana leaf) and treated group 2 (100 mg/kg/bw of aqueous extracts of Salvia atropatana leaf) in compared to control group (P<0.05).

Aqueous extracts of Salvia atropatana leaf has anti-angiogenesis activity and significant inhibitory effects on tumor growth in animal model.

Recently, much attention has been paid to the biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) due to their eco-friendly, cost-effective, and easily applied nature. This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs using Eriobotrya Japonica seed aqueous extract. Moreover, it was attempted to evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Initially, the Eriobotrya Japonica seed aqueous extract was prepared, and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured in this study. After the preparation of ZnO NPs by the extract, the antioxidant activity of ZnO NPs was evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method. In addition, the antibacterial activities of the extract and NPs were determined using a disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus gram-positive bacteria and Escherichia coli gram-negative bacteria. Ethics code:  Ir.ausmt.rec.1398.11.33

The results showed that aqueous extract had a specific amount of phenolic and flavonoids (9.86 mg/g and 27 mg/g dry weight of extract, respectively). Moreover, the synthesized ZnO NPs were <30 nm in diameter with a good absorption rate at 349 nm. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the extract and NPs indicated an increase in the antioxidant activity following an increase in the concentration. Furthermore, the anti-bactericidal activity results demonstrated an appropriate antibacterial activity against S. aureus, whereas the aqueous extract had no antibacterial activities.

The findings revealed that the biosynthesized ZnO NPs had appropriate antioxidant and bactericidal activities. This suggests that the NPs can be used in various sectors, such as cosmetic products and food packaging, as a potential alternative to synthetic antibiotics.

In the resent years, using different kind of herbal extracts had been considered for bacterial infection. Sedr or Konar which scientific name is Ziziphus spina-christi L. is native to tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of functional groups and antimicrobial activity of Ziziphus spina-christi aqueous extract on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua “in vitro”.

In this laboratory study, extraction of ziziphus spina-christi L. leaf powder with maceration method was done for 48 hours. Leaf extracts antibacterial of these leaves were evaluated by four

Disc diffusion agar, well diffusion agar, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC). The functional groups of Ziziphus spina-christi aqueous extract was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

In disc diffusion agar and well diffusion agar methods, all the concentration of ziziphus spinachristi L. restrained bacterial strains. The MIC was for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua about 64, 32, 8 and 16 respectively. The results showed that MIC of extracts was further of MBC. The main peaks of Ziziphus spina-christi aqueous extract factor groups were observed in wave numbers of 3390, 2974, 2933, 1715, 1606, 1419, 1307, 1274, 1059, 885, 820, 779 and 629 cm-1 .

Based on results, the Ziziphus spina-christi aqueous extract had desirable antibacterial effect. The results showed that Gram-negative bacteria showed further resistance against extract. Using this herbal compound could be effective to control pathogenic bacteria in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Dental caries is a prevalent infectious disease, and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the most common bacteria associated with dental cavities. To control oral bacterial infections, especially S. mutans, different antimicrobial compounds and solutions have been used. Given the increasing side effects of these compounds, assiduous attention has also been devoted to the use of medicinal plants as an alternative. The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential effect of a mixture of the aqueous extract of Rhus coriaria L., Punica granatum, and Rosa × damascena on S. mutans.

This experimental study assessed the effect of the mixture of the aqueous extract of Rhus coriaria L., Punica granatum, and Rosa × damascena on S. mutans. Eight different concentrations of Rhus coriaria L., Punica granatum, and Rosa × damascena extracts (0.078, 0.156, 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/mL) were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Moreover, %10 solutions of these extracts were used to determine the inhibition zone diameter using the cup-plate method. Chlorhexidine solution 2% was used as a positive control in both methods.

MIC and MBC values of Rhus coriaria L., Punica granatum, and Rosa × damascenaextracts against S. mutans were reported as 2.5 and 5 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, a mean inhibition zone diameter of 21±2.2 mm in the cup-plate method demonstrated that a 10% concentration of the extracts had an antimicrobial effect on S. mutans. Furthermore, the mean inhibition zone diameter of chlorhexidine solution 2% was obtained at 18±1.8 mm.

 As evidenced by the obtained results, the mixture of the aqueous extract of Rhus coriaria L., Punica granatum, and Rosa × damascena had an antibacterial activity on S. mutans. In addition, the formulation of the studied extracts was more effective than 2% chlorhexidine against S. mutans.

Inflammatory pain is caused by tissue inflammation and injury. Formalin is one of most important compounds used to induce inflammation. At the moment, the recognition and development of anti-inflammatory drugs that are naturally occurring have been very much taken into consideration. Cuminum is one of plants with anti-inflammatory potentials. Considering the importance of a more complete understanding of the mechanisms that create and advance inflammation in order to find better, more complete and less complicated ways to improve inflammation and inflammatory pain, much and sometimes intense side effects of chemical treatments, The growing importance of medicinal plants in various medical fields and importance and diverse applications of Cuminum in medical sciences.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Cuminum aqueous extract in male rats.

36 rats were used in different groups. Aqueous extract of Cuminum fruits was prepared at doses of 200, 500, 1000 mg / kg. Inflammation induced by subcutaneous injection of formalin in animal's foot and then, inflammatory pain was evaluated. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data.

Different doses of the extract reduced the acute and chronic inflammation. The highest reduction effect in the acute phase was related to dose of 200 mg/kg and in the chronic phase, the dose was 1000 mg/kg.

aqueous extract of the Cuminum plant has an acute and chronic anti-inflammatory effect, and this effect is dose-dependent.

The aqueous extract of some plants has an antibacterial effect on pathogenic bacteria for humans.

This study designed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of some plants on some food-borne pathogenic bacteria in a laboratory setting has done.

In an experimental study, plants collected from of Tehran city and aqueous extract of them, extracted. To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) with two ways of visual and turbidity (OD), serially different concentrations (1.25-80 mg/ml) on different cultures was prepared. Disc diffusion (DD) test in concentrations of 10, 20 and 40 mg/ml to determine the average diameter of inhibition for some bactria, done.

The results showed that the inhibitory and fungicidal aqueous extract of Solanum americanum on various bacteria was more than any other aqueous extracts (Staphylococcus aureus MIC = 10 mg/ml) and also Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium were the most sensitive and most resistant bacteria to aqueous extract, respectively.

According to the results, we can be hopeful the extract of Solanum americanum in the treatment of pathogenic bacteria such as S. aureus, can be help and it can used in the food industry as a food protection. Recommended by extracting the active ingredients of the extract of this plant and other plants, more research done on the composition of extract.

Today, with increasingresistance of bacteria to antibiotics, the use of medicinal plants has increased. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial properties of Carla extract on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to investigate the inhibitory properties and to find alternative drugs.

In this research, the antimicrobial activity of Carla inaqueous and alcoholic extraction on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus was performed by means of well diffusion method. Consequently, theinhibitory zone, MIC and MBC were determined.

MIC and Mbc for escherichia coli showed the highest sensitivity to alcoholic extract of leaf with mean of 62.5 mg/ml and 125 mg/ml and staphylococcus aureus showed the highest susceptibility to fruit alcoholic extract with mean of 64 mg / ml and 64 mg / ml. The diameter of the inhibition zone of the alcoholic extract of the leaf for E. coli is 19 mm and the diameter of the inhibition zone of the alcoholic extract of fruit for staphylococcus aureus is 2/26 mm, which confirms the results of MIC and Mbc. Minimum inhibitory concentration of E.coli was related to the alcoholic extract of leaf and the minimum concentration of fecundity was related to alcoholic beverage.

Results for staphylococcus aureusac company from the order of aqueous extract of leaf