جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « قارچی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Wheat is the most important crops and bread made from in Iranian diet, which contamination of wheat and flour storage in adverse environmental conditions can lead to contamination with toxic fungi particularly aflatoxin producing fungi. The aim of current study was to determine the frequency and type of fungal contaminants in the distributed flours in Yazd bakeries.
In this cross-sectional study, 80 bakerie's flour samples and 20 flour samples of flour producer factories were collected. After measuring their moisture, dilutions from 10-2 to 10-6 of flour samples were cultivated on Saboraud dextrose agar plates and by enumeration of isolated colonies, their genus and species were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics such as average and Chi square test. Differences were considered statistically signifi­cant when P A total of 2223 fungal colonies from 11 different genus and species were isolated and identified from samples of flour that only 7% showed fungal contaminations more than allowable cut off points. Penicillium, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger were the most prevalent and Alternaria, Vertisillium, Rhizopus and Fouma showed minimum contamination in studied flour samples in present study.
Results of present study compared with other similar studies indicating a fairly favorable situation in terms of fungal contaminations in the distributed flour in Yazd bakeries.

There is a high concern regarding air contamination in the dental clinics and offices. For the reason that the most risking factor is the presence of floating particles in the clinics containing different disease-causing microorganisms and in order to provide a better strategy to improve the condition, the present article takes into consideration the study of the air inside the medical centers affected by the microbial and fungal contamination. A descriptive study (from 1391 to 1392) was conducted in clinics and dental offices in Kerman. Among the 14 clinics in the city of Kerman, two state dental clinics, three private clinics, a semi- private clinic, a charity - based clinic and from the totality of 143 dental offices throughout the city, 52 were chosen. Random sampling method was used. Sampling was done by sedimentation. The medium used nutrient agar, blood agar, nutrient agar and Sabouroud dextrose agar. Gram stain and culture of bio-chemical environment and culture slides were used for detection. Sampling Sit characteristics such as size, number of units, size of space, time, travel, type of service and the turbine were recorded. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis. Of the the samples surveyed, 89% showed fungal and bacterial contamination. The bacterial species found included: gram positive cocci 60.2%, gram negative cocci 24.1%, basillus gram positive bacillus 11.2%, gram negative bacillus 2.4%, and also fungi 1.2%.There was a significant relationship between contamination rate, number of clients, space (clinics and dental offices, users, non working and working shifts). Degree of microbial contamination of air clinics and dental offices of Kerman, ranked according to AMI, shows bad condition. There is a necessity to rank the dental clinics and offices from good to bad. The ventilation system improvement needs a high consideration.

Microbial contamination of removable denture and their contact with saliva and oral tissues can cause microbial cross-contamination among dental clinic personnel, dental laboratories and patients. These microorganisms can cause unpredictable infections especially systemic, pneumonia and even cardiac infections in elderly and immunosupressed patients. The aim of this study was to identify the microorganisms on the surface of removable prostheses ready for delivery (new dentures) in Yazd dental laboratories Fifty five new removable complete dentures were randomly selected from 5 Yazd dental laboratories. All dentures were washed by 100ml of sterile normal saline, centrifuged and precipitants were used for culture on the specific microbial media. Finally, the isolated aerobic, anaerobic microbial colonies and isolated fungi were identified according to diagnostic tests. Bacterial contaminations were seen in all prostheses whereas 58.2% showed fungal contaminations. Staphylococcus, nonpathogenic Neisseria spp, Corynebacteria, Acenitobacteria, E. coli, and Entrobacter spp were the common isolated bacteria in the current study. Saprophyte fungi such as Aspergillus, penicillium, mucor and yeasts especially Candida species were the most isolated fungi from dental prostheses in the present study. Results of the present study showed bacterial and fungal contamination even on newly made prostheses. It seems that control and prevention of cross-contamination should be taken more seriously in dental practices and laboratories.

Emergence of multi-drug resistance bacteria in the world, vast inappropriate usage of anti-infective agents and re-emergence of micro-organisms lead to the beginning of discovery of new anti-infective agents from the sea by the scientists. A total of known 611 seashells species in the Persian Gulf were investigated for synonymy in OBIS database. Then, all the species, including their synonymy were searched in PubMed database to find their isolated bioactive agents. From 611 known seashells in the Persian Gulf, 172 genera/species had bioactive compounds. Anti-infective agents were isolated and purified for 11 genera. The crude or purified extracts from these seashells were active against gram-positive bacteria (5 seashells), gram-negative bacteria (4 seashells), viruses (2 seashells), fungi and leishmania (each one seashell). Two molecular probe s for invasive organisms were also reported from two seashells. The known seashells from the Persian Gulf have potential anti-infective compounds and increase in the efforts to isolate these agents will promise a treasure for novel anti-infective agents.

ntroduction: Allergic fungal Rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is the most common form of fungal sinusitis in patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). According to high occurrence of AFRS in warm regions with high humidity, in this study we evaluated the prevalence of AFRS in patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis from Sari city, Iran. During one year, 134 surgical sinus specimens were retrieved from 50 cases with refractory CRS. Specimens were analyzed by histopathological and mycological methods including Hematoxylin & Eosin, Periodic Acid- Schiff, and CalcoFlour White staining and also mounted by KOH. These samples were also processed for fungal culture. Total serum IgE was evaluated for all patients. Of 50 patients, 12 cases (24%) showed AFRS based on clinical, histopathological, mycological and radiological findings. Although collected samples from these patients were all microscopically positive for fungi, only 58.34% of these patient's specimens yielded fungi in culture. Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent isolated fungi (33.34 %). 16/66% of these patients had elevated total IgE levels. Nasal polyps, history of atopy and Eosinophilic mucin were seen in all patients with AFRS. The results of our study showed AFRS is a common disorder in patients with CRS. Sinonasal polyposis and history of atopy were found in all patients with AFRS, therefore considering these important criteria in diagnosis of AFRS is emphasized.