جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « نرمال سالین » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Prolonged labor increases adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Very few interventions are known to shorten labor duration. The present study was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of intravenous dextrose-saline infusion compared with intravenous normal saline infusion on the duration of the active phase of labor in nulliparous women.

In this double-blind randomized clinical trial (blinding of patients and data analyst), which was performed in 2020-2021, 60 nulliparous women in the active phase of labor who had referred to the teaching hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were randomized by block randomization method and allocated to two groups of receiving normal saline at a rate of 150cc per hour and dextrose at 5% saline at the same rate. The primary outcome was evaluating the duration of the active phase of the labor. Secondary outcomes included the duration of second phase of labor and the rate of cesarean section, maternal and neonatal outcomes. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software (version 25) and Chi-square tests and Fisher's exact test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The basic variables were similar in the two groups. The active phase of labor and the second stage of labor was statistically lower in saline dextrose compared to the normal saline group (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the rate of cesarean section, the need for oxytocin, maternal complications, first and fifth minutes Apgar score, neonatal complications and the need for NICU (P> 0.05).

It seems that the use of dextrose-containing solutions in nulliparous women during labor shortens the duration of labor compared to normal saline.

Intraoperative fluid therapy is to ensure adequate injection of maintenance fluids including electrolytes and glucose to replace fluid deficiency during surgery. Given that there is still no consensus on fluid therapy in neonates, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of normal saline serum and one fifth-four fifths serum in neonates who are candidates for surgery. 

In a randomized clinical trial study, 72 neonates who were 1- 30-days-old and candidates for surgery, admitted to Imam Hossein Hospital in Isfahan were divided into two groups. Fluid therapy was randomly administered using normal saline or one-fifth-four-fifths fluid in each group. Biochemical and hemodynamic variables such as blood sugar, sodium, pH, bicarbonate BE, heart rate and mean arterial pressure were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively.

Post-operative blood glucose levels after 60-minutes at The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for the normal saline group were 152.56, 148.47 and 155.61 mg/dl, respectively, while in one fifth–four fifths solution group were 242.78, 197.28, 278.19 mg / dl, respectively, which showed a significant difference between the two types of solutions. There was also a significant increase in blood sugar compared to pre-operative states. Mean pre-operative plasma sodium levels showed a significant increase for the normal saline group and a significant decrease for the one fifth-four fifth group.

One fifth- four fifths solution owing to hyperglycemia and hyponatremia is not a suitable choice for intraoperative fluid therapy in neonates. In contrast, normal saline solution performed better in controlling blood sugar and plasma sodium.

Clear changes in neonatal acid-base in the early minutes can have adverse effects on the hemodynamic status of the neonate; different serums have different effects on the acid-base status. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to compare the effects of 0.9% sodium chloride serum with Ringer lactate serum on maternal and neonatal acid-base status in elective cesarean section.

This triple-blind randomized clinical trial study was performed with participation of 48 pregnant women in 2018-2019. The first group received 0.9 sodium chloride serum and the second group received ringer lactate serum. Arterial blood samples before cesarean section (mother) and after cesarean section (mother and baby) and neonatal Apgar score in the first and fifth minutes were recorded and compared between the two groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and independent t-test, paired t-test, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, analysis of variance and repeated measures. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

All factors studied in ABG were significant between the two groups of mothers, indicating a higher acidity in the 0.9% sodium chloride group than the ringer-lactate group (p<0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the studied factors in neonates (ABG and Apgar scores) between the two groups (p>0.05).

0.9% sodium chloride compared to lactated ringer causes acidosis in mothers undergoing elective cesarean section with spinal anesthesia, but none of them has a significant effect on the acid-base status of the infant. Ringer's lactate serum seems to be a good alternative to 0.9% sodium chloride serum, especially in mothers who are at higher risk for acidosis.

Many eye surgeries are performed annually in the world, one of the most common of which is cataract surgery. Due to the short length of cataract surgery, a laryngeal mask can be used instead of a tracheal tube, which has more complications. However, withdrawal reactions from anesthesia and the persistence of hemodynamic symptoms due to the sensitivity of eye surgery are still being studied. The aim of this study was to compare the two methods of using lubricant gel and normal saline while applying laryngeal airway mask (LMA) on hemodynamic symptoms and anesthesia reactions in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

This randomized double-blind clinical trial study was performed on 120 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups of normal saline and lubricant gel. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and arterial blood oxygen saturation before and immediately after induction were calculated 5 minutes postoperatively, 15 minutes postoperatively, 30 minutes postoperatively and in recovery. Episodes of cough, sore throat, nausea and vomiting were also recorded in recovery, 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery in the ophthalmology ward.

The findings of the present study showed that the study groups did not differ significantly in terms of demographic characteristics

VAP prevention is a top priority in the intensive care units. The study was conducted to compare the effect of using normal saline and distilled water for tracheal suctioning on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and hemodynamic indexes in ventilator-dependent patients.

The present study is a randomized clinical trial that was conducted from 2017 to 2018 on 60 ventilator-dependent patients in the ICUs of Jafar Sadeg Hospital affiliated to Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Patients were allocated to the two intervention and control groups by block random allocation method. The hemodynamic parameters of patients (respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, and SPO2) were recorded in a form 5 minutes before and after the suctioning in each Shift. Finally, the incidence of VAP and changes in hemodynamic indexes in the two groups were compared.

The two groups did not differ from each other significantly (P = 0.79) in terms of tracheal culture and incidence of VAP. The results showed that intra-group hemodynamic indexes (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and SPO2) did not differ significantly before and after the suctioning in normal saline and distilled water groups. The inter-group test showed that, the two groups only had a significant difference in the level of arterial oxygen saturation after the intervention (p = 0.006).

As the level of SPO2 was higher in the normal saline group, it is better to use normal saline as a diluent for pulmonary secretions before tracheal suctioning.

The prevention of clot formation during hemodialysis improves the effectiveness of treatment by maintaining patency in the dialyzer. This study was done to evaluate the effect of intermittent bolus of normal saline on the quality of clot formation in venous chamber and dialyzer.

In this clinical trial study, 51 eligible patients were divided into intervention (n=26) and control (n=25) groups. Patients in the control group received routine care and the intervention group received 100ml of normal saline, each hour, as an intermittent bolus, during 4 hours of dialysis beside the routine care. After three consecutive hemodialysis sessions (first round), all patients received routine care to clear the intervention effect (washout period). Then, patients crossed over from intervention group to control and vice versa. At the end of each session, the quality of clot formation in intravenous chamber and dialyzer was recorded and analyzed.

The venous chamber of dialysis circuit in 74% of patient in intervention group no clot was formed, whereas in 58% of patient in control group it contained fibrous ring (P<0.05). After intervention, dialyzer of 68% of patients in intervention group, were free of clot, whereas in control group only 16% of dialyzers were free of clots (P<0.05).

Using intermittent bolus of normal saline during hemodialysis can reduce the risk of clot formation in venous chamber and dialyzer.

All metal components of orthodontic appliances are somewhat corroded in the oral environment due to some changes in chemical, mechanical, thermal, microbiological and enzymatic factors which facilitates ion release. Ionic release can result in a discoloration of the surrounding soft tissue or allergic reactions in sensitive patients or even local pain in the area. In general, ions can cause toxic and biological side effects if their values reach the threshold, so the release of ions from the metal components of orthodontic appliances is important to us. The aim of this review article to determine the rate of orthodontic appliances ion release in different solutions.

A review of the literature was carried out in Pubmed, Google Scholare and Web of science database using selected key words (Saliva/ Titanium/Normal Saline/ Ion release Orthodontic appliance/Mouth wash/ Nickel/ Chromium). These searches were limited to the articles published from 2005 to 2018. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 articles were obtained.

Because of conflicts in the reported results, it was necessary to synchronize the measurement methods and also to use artificial saliva medium with normal pH as a control to achieve better systematic comparison.

There was significant differences in the ion release between mouthwashes. In all studies, the effect of pH and acidity has been shown to increase the release of these ions. In addition, stainless steel (SS) instruments had the least biocompatibility among all types of alloys evaluated.

Prelude is one of the ways to overcome the complications of spinal anesthesia. Due to the lack of clarity of the effects of praline on the level of spinal anesthesia, duration and reaching the maximal block and its return, the researchers decided that two normal saline solutions And Voluven in women undergoing elective cesarean section surgery. In this clinical trial study conducted in 1397 with the participation of 70 patients who were candidates for elective cesarean section surgery in Tabriz city hospitals, after selecting the samples, using available sampling method (according to the criteria for entering and leaving the study) Blind random blocks were divided into two groups: A (normal Saline) and B (Voluven). Patients in group A received 10 ml / kg saline from normal saline solution and patients in group B received 5 ml / kg Voluven solution within half an hour before surgery. For parametric variables with normal distribution curve, Independent t test or Unpaired t test and parametric data with abnormal distribution from Mann whitney test and qualitative variables, Chi-square test was used and repeated measures dependent variable test was used in repeated measurements. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. There were no significant differences between age, sex, weight, BMI between the two groups of Voluven and normal saline. Also, there was a significant difference in the maximum level of spinal block (P = 0.670) in terms of time to reach the maximum level of spinal block (P = 0/973) and there was no relation between the two groups in terms of return time to T10 (P = 0.490). Serum saline and Voluven serum levels can be effective in preventing complications after spinal anesthesia and achieving the maximum level of the spinal block, the time to reach the maximum block level, and the time to return the block.

One of disadvantages of axillary block is a long time gap between the performing the block and the appearance of the anesthesia required for surgery. This study aimed to to examine the effectiveness of adding 0.5% dextrose water (DW) to bupivacaine in brachial plexus block under the guide of a nerve stimulator and ultrasonography in hand and forearm surgeries.
A total of 60 candidates for an axillary block were studied. In both groups bupivacaine 0.5% was used to achieve anesthesia with 0.9% normal saline (NS) in the first group and 0.5% DW in the second group as solvents. Sensory and motor blocks were documented after local anesthesia every 5 minutes within the first 30 minutes, every 10 minutes within the second 30 minutes, and every 15 minutes thereafter.
The time interval between the drug injection and anesthesia between the two groups was different statistically only for the median nerve (p=0.03), whereas the difference for the remaining nerves was not significant.
In the present study adding 5% DW was only effective in the sensory block of the median nerve, with no significant difference with NS for the other nerves.

Bacterial colonization in the pharynx is one of the most important risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the anti-bacterial effects of different mouthwashes in mechanically ventilated patients. In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 80 patients were selected from the intensive care units (ICUs) of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari City, Iran, during 2010-2011, and were divided into four groups of 20 cases. The first intervention group was administered with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) 0.2% mouthwash, the second group Persica herbal 10% mouthwash, the third group was administered with Matrica 10% and finally in the fourth group, normal saline was used. In order to culture Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, oropharynx samples were obtained without any stimulation prior and 6 min following oral rinsing. Bacterial colonies were decreased significantly after the intervention in all four groups (P<0.001). Chlorhexidine gluconate, Persica and Matrica mouthwashes caused to decrease the Staphylococcus aureus (P<0.001, P<0.008 and P=0.01, respectively) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (P<0.001) positive cultures after the intervention. Herbal oral mouthwashes including Persica and Matrica are effective in decreasing Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonized in the oropharynx of mechanically ventilated patients. Therefore, after further investigations, they can serve as suitable alternatives for CHX in ICU settings.

Nosocomial pneumonia is the most common type of infection in intensive care units. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of Chlorhexidine mouthwash 0.2%, 1% sodium bicarbonate and normal saline 0.9% on bacterial colonization of endotracheal tube cuff and the incidence of pneumonia in patients undergoing open heart surgery. In this clinical trial study, 165 patients undergoing open heart surgery were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups: Chlorhexidine, sodium bicarbonate and normal saline. In each group twice a day, rinsing with mouthwash was given. To determine bacterial colonization, the tube was removed and the number of colonies was counted. At discharge time, patients were evaluated for pneumonia. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS-20. Mean and standard deviation of bacterial colonization in the Chlorhexidine group was 305×103 ±97 × 103, in the sodium bicarbonate group 330×103 ±110 × 103 and in normal saline Group 358×103 ±104 × 103. The incidence of pneumonia was 3.6% (2 cases) in Chlorhexidine group, 5.5% (3 cases) in group bicarbonate sodium and 9.1 %(5 cases) normal saline group. There were no significant differences among the three groups in term of bacterial colonization and incidence of pneumonia. Every three mouthwashes, have similar effect in reduction of bacterial accumulation around the tracheal tube cuff and rate of pneumonia too. Therefore mouthwash with each of these solutions in cardiac surgical patients is recommended.

Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most prevalent hospital infections in intensive care units. Mouthwash is one of the caring procedures which can be effective in decreasing the rate of VAP. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of Echinacea mouthwash on prevalence of ventilator associated pneumonia in intensive care units. In this clinical trial study, population was the intubated patients in intensive care units of educational hospitals in Arak in 2014. 70 patients were selected purposively and then were randomly allocated into two intervention and control groups, In intervention group, mouthwash with Echinacea and in control group with normal saline was done twice daily. The rate of VAP was assessed by Clinical Pulmonary Infection Scale (CPIS), before and on the fifth day of intervention. Data were analyzed by Chi square, independent T-test and fisher’s exact test through using SPSS16. prevalence of Ventilator associated pneumonia was 60 percent in normal saline and 51.4 percent in Echinacea group; buth the Chi square test didn’t show significant difference between two groups. According to results, Echinacea can relatively decrease the rate of VAP in ventilated patients, but more investigations in this area are essential.

Infusion of large volumes of normal saline is recommended for facilitating graft function during kidney transplantation surgery but it can cause severe metabolic acidosis. Here we studied the effects of intraoperative rapid normal saline infusion on vascular anastomosis، acid base، electrolytes and graft function.

In this study 30 patients were evaluated during kidney transplantation. Infusion of normal saline was started and increased from 10 ml/kg/h to 50 ml/kg/h during vessel anastomosis. Acid base balance electrolytes and anion gap measured at the beginning and end of surgery serum creatinine and urine output was measured up to 48 hours after surgery. Data analyzed was performed by statistical method.

Serum creatinine at 24 and 48 hours after surgery were 3. 04 ± 1. 59 and 2. 22 ± 1. 53 mg/dl respectively. PH change during the surgery was not significant (p=0. 818) but serum chloride increased from 94. 23 ± 3. 95 to 99. 37 ± 3. 84 (P< 0. 001). Base excess and anion gap decreased respectively from -3. 55 ± 3. 47 to -8. 40 ± 2. 65 (P<0. 001) and from 30. 46 ± 7. 72 to 26. 15 ± 8. 25 (P=0. 023) respectively.

Rapid infusion of normal saline to vessel anastomosis during the kidney transplantation is a risk for development of metabolic acidosis while it has beneficial effects on graft function.

Today a large number of patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit need mechanical ventilation via an artificial air way. Since these patients have endotracheal tube, endotracheal suctioning is necessary for increasing oxygenation, cleaning the airway and keeping it open. But this method consists of various side effects such as increased blood pressure and heart rate and respiratory rate, cyanosis, dizziness and increased intracranial pressure and hypoxia. This study aimed at comparing the effect of using normal saline serum, N-acetyl cysteine and not using them in endotracheal suctioning on physiologic parameters and the amount of secretions in intubated patients under mechanical ventilation. It was a controlled clinical trial study with random allocation that was performed on 54 intubated patients hospitalized in ICU of health educational centers of Babol Medical Sciences University in 2014. Endotracheal tube suctioning was performed for each patient once without saline, the second time with 3 ml of normal saline and the third time with 2 ml of N-acetyl cysteine. Blood pressure, Heart rate, Respiratory rate, Arterial oxygen saturation were measured and recorded before each stage of suctioning and two and five minutes after that. Amount of secretions was measured after each method of suctioning. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 statistical software, variance analysis with repeated measures, ANOVA and paired t statistical tests. Blood pressure, Heart rate and Respiratory rate were increased after suction in all the three groups, but these changes were higher in the group that received normal saline. Average decrease of Arterial oxygen saturation was more in the method of receiving normal saline (p<0.05). The amount of secretion was more ​​ in the method of receiving N-acetyl cysteine (p=0.004). Endotracheal tube suctioning by using normal saline had more adverse effects on post- suction physiological parameters in compare with the other two methods. Therefore, it is recommended to not use normal saline in endotracheal tube suctioning to the possible extent, and if removing secretions is required, endotracheal N_ acetyl cysteine ​​ should be used according to the patient's condition.

Episiotomy is the most common incision in midwifery that facilitates expulsion of the fetus، which like any other wound need to care. So we compare the effect of saline normal healing with Povidon Iodine on episiotomy in nulliparous. Methods& This is a randomized control clinical trial. 120 nulliparus women were enrolled of Taleghany Maternity House at Arak، Iran. They were randomly assinghed to receive either normal saline 10cc (case group) or Povidon Iodine (control group) TDS for irrigation the episiotomy. They were visited for wound healing with REEDA cheklist in 5th and 10th days of post parum. The data were analyzed with T test، χ2 and Mann-whittney U. There was no significant difference between two groups in mean of redness، edema، infection at 5th and 10th، discharge، ecchymosis at 5th and approximation in 10th days of post partum. In 5th day mean of wound approximation was less in normal saline than Povidon Iodine group [0. 73 (±0. 71)، 0. 47 (±0. 57)] (Pv<0. 04) respectively. In 10th day in case group mean of ecchymosis and discharge [0. 36 (±0. 52)، 0. 36 (±0. 56)] was more than control group [0/16 (±37)، 0. 1 (±0/36)] (Pv<0. 02، 0. 007) respectively. It seems normal saline can be replaced with povidon iodine solution in episiotomy care. This is safe، cost benefit، accessible and easy to use.

One of the important complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is rapid absorption of irrigation fluid via opened veins that may cause serum hematologic and electrolyte changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of distilled water and normal saline as an irrigation fluid for PCNL on the serum concentration of sodium, potassium, hemoglobin and hematocrit. Sixty patients with kidney calculi were candidated for elective PCNL and randomly divided into two groups for PCNL. Approaches to the calculi were through a single subcostal access with an Amplatz sheath and either distilled water or normal saline. Solution was used as the irrigation fluid. Serum hemoglobin, hematocrit, sodium and potassium were measured just before and after the procedure. The mean calculus size, irrigation volume, irrigation time, age, gender and ASA were not significantly different between the two groups. In two groups, compared to before PCNL, the mean in hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly reduced after PCNL (p<0.001), but did not change the sodium and potassium of the procedure. The mean change of sodium, potassium, hemoglobin and hematocrit did not difference in before and after PCNL for two groups (p>0.05). None of the patients developed transurethral resection of the prostate syndrome or needed transfusion. Distilled water is an inexpensive and available alternative to normal saline for irrigation during PCNL. Compared to before PCNL, hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly reduced after PCNL, but did not change the sodium and potassium. We did not find any difference between the two irrigation solutions regarding the safety, however, this should be confirmed further, especially for large calculi. We recommend, evaluation of serum hemoglobin and hematocrit levels on the postoperative day as mandatory.

Introduction & Adhesion formation after abdominal surgery is a major cause of postoperative bowel obstruction، infertility، and chronic abdominal pain. In this study، we evaluated the effect of normal saline on postoperative adhesion formation in a rat model. A total of 30 Wistar female rats were randomly divided in 3 groups involving Normal saline (NS) group، Control group and a group of normal animals (not include in our study). Under general anesthesia، and following a 3cm midline incision، the anterior surface of serous membrane in the rat was scraped slightly. One ml of Normal saline was administrated intraperitoneally in the NS group. The duration from opening to the beginning of the closure was 1 min. In the control group، no medication was administered، and only cecum was exposed to air for 1 min. Fourteen days after the surgery، a re-laparotomy was performed for macroscopic and pathological assessment and then all of them were destroyed. A comparison of the groups was carried out using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test، followed by Mann-Whitney U statistics، to detect the statistically significant differences among the groups. Analysis was performed using SPSS 13. P-value ≤ 0. 05 was considered significant. The adhesion grade and extent of the normal saline group was lower than those of control group in macroscopic assessment (P)

Pregnancy termination before onset of labor is one of the midwifery problems. The aim of the present study was to compare extra-amniotic normal saline infusion plus hydrocortisone effect versus prostaglandin E2 suppository for cervical ripening and second- trimester pregnancy termination. This randomized clinical-trial study was performed on 50 pregnant women with gestation age of 14 to 28 weeks and Bishops Score ≤ 2 who required pregnancy termination for fetal indications. Half of the cases received extra-amniotic normal saline infusion plus 100 mg hydrocortisone (EASI+ H) and the other half received two doses of 3mg prostaglandin E2 suppository every 4 hours. Six hours later، induction of labor was started by means of a high dose of Oxytocin according to of Alabama University Protocol for Mid-trimester Abortion. The obtained data was analyzed by using statistical softwares Chi-square، Fisher and T-test. There were no differences between the two groups regarding maternal age، parity، gestational age، Primary Bishops Score and indication of pregnancy termination. In the EASI+H group، the mean interval between initiation of labor induction and fetal expulsion was 23. 04 ± 4. 47 hours and in PGE2 group was 28. 65 ± 2. 87 hours (P=0. 001). The success rate in the EASI+H group was 100% and in PGE2 group 80 % (P =0. 04). Complications such as fever، nausea، vomiting، diarrhea، increase of blood pressure and need to curettage in PGE2 group were statistically and significantly more abundant. Extra-amniotic normal saline infusion plus hydrocortisone is an effective and safe method that is suggested for cervical ripening and second- trimester pregnancy termination.

Burn is one of the most common injury that causes many people to be affected each year and to recover it، different methods are used. Olive oil is used as one of the treatment methods a long time ago. The Therefore a study is done on the survey of olive oil effect in the recovery of the wounds which are caused by the burn. The way of study: This study is an experimental study on 30 male adult westar mice After anesthesia، a second degree burn in 2. 5 cm Diameter was created in the side bodies of the mice by the boil water in 95 for three seconds. Then the mice were occasionally divided into three groups. For treatment in the first group olive oil، and in the second group sulfadiazine silver cream %1 and in the third one normal salin were used. In each group the time of the recover was recorded in the special list. The results were analysized with the use of the descriptive analysis such as mean، deviation standard and analytic analysis such as Mann Withney U. Results and The mean and deviation standard (mean SD) time of burn recovery in the first، the second and the third groups were in this manner 13. 63 0. 52- 11. 25 0. 89 and 17. 75 0. 76 day. The use of the Mann Withney U shows a significant different between the A and B groups in compartment with the C group (P<0. 5). The use of olive oil caused acceleration in the burn injury recovery but in comparison Sulfadiazine Silver Cream a long time is needed for the burn injury recovery.