جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « واژینیسموس » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Considering the negative effects of vaginismus on the quality of life of couples and delay in pregnancy, this case group study was conducted with aim to investigate the process of treatment of patients with vaginismus and subsequent pregnancy.

Cases presentation:

 In this descriptive study, 12 patients with vaginismus were evaluated from October 2021 to December 2023. After history and initial evaluation, vaginismus grades 3 and 4 were diagnosed based on the Lamotte scale in the examination of the patients. The participants aged 20-35 years old. The mean duration of this disease and the mean duration of infertility were 4.3 years and 4.1 years, respectively, and 5 patients (41.6%) wanted assisted reproductive methods. During this period, the patients had received several ineffective and unscientific treatments. The process of treatment was done as a team. The treatment was started by the reproductive and sexual health specialist, the trainings, follow-up of the patients and referral to the team members were also done by the same specialist. The process included cognitive behavioral therapy and dilators that during the treatment process, Kegel exercises and non-sexual sensation were also performed by the patient. The sessions were held weekly and treatment period lasted two to three months. After end of treatment, the patients were able to have sexual intercourse without pain and became pregnant 3 to 12 months after the treatment.

One of the problems in women with vaginismus is infertility and this problem can be completely solved with scientific, team and combined treatments and persistence in the treatment process.

In today's world, vaginismus disorder is known as one of the diseases that endanger family cohesion and fertility. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of transcranial direct stimulation treatment with schema therapy on anxiety, pain, and cognitive executive functions of women with vaginismus disorder in Tehran in 2022.

The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of women with vaginismus disorder in Tehran in 2022. The number of 45 people was selected by the available sampling method. To randomly and equally assign the subjects to two experimental groups and one control group, the random block method was used. The data collection tools were the Kettle Anxiety Questionnaire, Pain Questionnaire SF-MPQ-2, and Wisconsin Cards Test WCST Grant and Berg. The first experimental group was subjected to intracranial stimulation intervention (10 sessions of 20 minutes), the second experimental group was subjected to schema therapy intervention (10 sessions of 90 minutes), and the control group did not receive the intervention and the data was analyzed by analysis of the covariance test.

The results showed a significant change in anxiety, pain, and cognitive executive functions between the results of the experimental group and the control group from the pre-test to the post-test and between the results of the transcranial direct stimulation intervention (p<0.05). In the first experiment group, compared to the effect of schema therapy in the second experiment group, anxiety, pain, cognitive flexibility, and immobility decreased more (p<0.05).

The findings of the present study were probably more empirical support for the treatment of transcranial direct stimulation than schema therapy on women suffering from vaginismus disorder. It is suggested to increase the awareness of psychologists and psychiatrists by teaching more about these treatments and helping to control and treat this disorder as much as possible.

Vaginismus disorder is the second most common sexual dysfunction in women. Therefore, a therapeutic strategy that specifically deals with the symptoms and psychological problems caused by it will be the way forward. Therefore, the present study was performed with the aim of the effectiveness of vaginismus-specific schema therapy on the fear of intimacy in women with vaginismus disorder.

This research was a semi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest and follow-up design with a control group. In the winter of the year 2022, a statistical society of women with vaginismus symptoms referred to the midwifery clinic and women's hospital of Piambaran in Tehran. Among them, 45 individuals were purposefully selected and divided into three groups, each consisting of 15 participants. Descutner & Thelen (1991) fear of intimacy questionnaire was used to measure the dependent variable. Two experiment groups were treated in 10 sessions of 90 minutes each, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analysed using variance analysis of repeated measures and Bonferroni's post-hoc test in SPSS software-22.

Both vaginismus-specific schema therapy and common schema therapy affected reducing the perceived fear of intimacy in women with vaginismus disorder compared to the control group (p<0.001). According to the comparison of the difference between the averages of the two intervention groups and the control group, the vaginismus-specific schema therapy had a greater effect on the improvement of the fear of intimacy than the common schema therapy (p<0.001).

The results of the research showed that the new schema therapy package for vaginismus can reduce the fear of intimacy among women with vaginismus by identifying their problems.

vaginismus and Dyspareunia disorders is important issue in the field of painbecause this type of pain is part of emotional behaviors in marital relationships such as sexual intimacyand vaginal intercourse. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antecedents that lead to theexperience of vaginismus and Dyspareunia in women.

This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and using the method of contractualcontent analysis with inductive method. 9 female participants with vaginismus and Dyspareunia wereselected by purposive sampling method and continued to saturate. After data collection, all interviewswere implemented and reviewed and the main components were extracted. First, the semantic unitswere identified and then turned into psychological expressions. Finally, the general structure was determinedand combined.

In general, thirteen predictive categories were identified using research data analysis. Accordingly,the preceding categories of this experience include incorrect family sex education, incorrect religiousattitude, sexual abuse, phobia, fatigue, lack or insufficiency of sexual awareness, sexual disorders of thespouse, psychological disorders of the spouse, fear of pregnancy, Lack of foreplay, suppression of sexualdesire, previous failed marriage and viewing pornographic images.

The results of this study enrich the previous research literature on the antecedents of thelived experience of vaginismus and dyspareunia. Also, the structure of living experience of vaginismusand Dyspareunia extracted in this study is widely used to develop and implement prevention and treatmentprograms for this disorder.

Sexual behavior is a response to a biological motivation, which is essential for the survival of the offspring. One of the main issues in sexual relations that can cause many complications in the marital relationship is the existence of disorders in the natural cycle of sexual function (normal sexual behavior) of couples, especially women. Vaginismus is one of the most severe sexual dysfunctions in women, which has many psychological and social effects on the individual and the family. The prevalence of vaginismus is unclear. However, clinical estimates suggest that its prevalence is lower than female orgasmic disorders. Perhaps the reason is a shame, cultural factors, lack of attention to the problem, and hiding it behind a seemingly social or physical disorder. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotional-based psychotherapy on anxiety, marital adjustment, and quality of sexual life in women with vaginismus.

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The study population included all women with vaginismus who were referred to counseling and psychotherapy clinics in Tehran City, Iran, between July and September of 2019. The sampling method was purposive (based on the research inclusion criteria). The sample size for each group was 10. The inclusion criteria were as follows: aged between 18 and 45 years, suffering from vaginismus disorder confirmed by examining the medical record, not suffering from acute mental disorders or specific physical problems, and not receiving drug therapy or psychological treatments during the last month before treatment sessions. The exclusion criteria were as follows: absence of more than two sessions from the therapy, lack of interest or consent of the patient to continue the treatment, and realizing the disorder or acute illness during the sessions. The research data in the pretest and posttest for two groups were collected using the Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) questionnaire (Symonds et al., 2005), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (Beck et al., 1988), and Marital Adjustment Scale (Apt & Hulbert, 1992). The experimental group received twelve 45-min sessions of emotional-based psychotherapy, and the control group did not receive any psychological intervention during this period. To describe and analyze the data, we used the descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (the t test for comparing the means of independent groups, the multivariate covariance analysis and the univariate covariance analysis tests) in the SPSS25 software. The significance level of all tests was considered 0.05.

Results showed a significant difference between the mean posttest scores of the control group and the experimental group in the variables of anxiety (p<0.001) and marital adjustment (p<0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the quality of sexual life variable (p=0.079). Based on the effect size index, 48.5% and 25.4% of the changes in the anxiety and marital adjustment scores of the two groups were due to emotional-based psychotherapy.

The results of this study show that emotional-based psychotherapy has a positive effect on improving marital adjustment and anxiety in women with vaginismus. So, it is recommended that emotional-based psychotherapy be used in psychotherapy clinics to improve the psychological symptoms associated with vaginismus.

Sexual behavior is a response to a biological motivation, which is essential for the survival of the offspring. One of the main issues in sexual relations that can cause many complications in the marital relationship is the existence of disorders in the natural cycle of sexual function (normal sexual behavior) of the couples, especially women. Vaginismus is one of the most severe sexual dysfunctions in women, which has many psychological and social effects on the individual and the family. Anxiety diseases are seen with high prevalence in people with sexual perversion. In addition to anxiety, marital adjustment and satisfaction with sexual life in vaginismus sufferers are among the variables that are usually affected. Marital adjustment is a process that occurs throughout life and refers to the characteristics of harmonious marital relationships and having good performance in marriage. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy on anxiety, marital adjustment and quality of sexuality life in women with vaginismus.

The research method was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design and a control group. The study population included all women with vaginismus who were referred to counseling and psychotherapy clinics in Tehran between July and September 2019. The Sampling method was purposive (based on the research entering criteria). The sample size for each group was 10. The research data were collected using The Sexual Quality of Life–Female (SQOL–F) Questionnaire (Symonds et al., 2005), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (Beck et al., 1988) and Marital Adjustment Scale (Apt & Hurlbert, 1992). The inclusion criteria were as follows: age between 18 and 45 years, suffering from vaginismus disorder confirmed by examining the medical record, not suffering from acute mental disorders or specific physical problems, not receiving drug therapy or psychological treatments during the last month before treatment sessions. The exclusion criteria were as follows: absence of more than two sessions, the patient's lack of interest or dissatisfaction with continuing the treatment, realizing disorder or acute illness in meetings, and being divorced. The experimental group received 12 45–min sessions of Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy, and the control group did not receive any psychological intervention during this period. The study data were collected from both groups before and after the intervention. To analyze the data in SPSS version 25, descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation, t test comparing the averages of two independent groups and multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) were used. The level of significance in this research was considered 0.05.

The results showed that the Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy improved marital adjustment (p<0.001) and quality of sexual life (p<0.001) of the experimental group members and did not make a significant difference in anxiety between the two groups (p=0.352). Also, based on the effect size index, 59% and 47% of the changes in the scores of the marital adjustment and quality of sexual life of the two groups were due to the application of the independent variable.

The results of this study show that Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy has a positive effect on marital adjustment and quality of sexual life in women with vaginismus. Because of saving time and money, and ease of training compared to classical approaches to Psychoanalysis, it is recommended that this therapy be used in psychotherapy clinics to improve the psychological symptoms associated with vaginismus.

Vaginismus is one of the sexual dysfunctions in women. Emotional regulation refers to the actions which are used to change or modify an emotional state. This study was performed with aim to compare the effect of mindfulness- based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy on cognitive emotion regulation in women with vaginismus.

This quasi-experimental study was performed in 2018 on 45 women with vaginismus referred to Rahyab Psychology Counseling Clinic in Mashhad. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups of 15 people including two intervention groups and one control group. The women of one intervention group received cognitive-behavioral techniques and the other group received mindfulness-based cognitive therapy; the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools were demographic questionnaire and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 20) and multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Both mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy methods were effective on improving the cognitive emotion regulation dimensions of women with vaginismus compared to the control group (P = 0.0001). Considering the comparison of the differences between the means of the two intervention groups with the control group, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has a greater effect on the dimensions of cognitive emotion regulation than cognitive-behavioral therapy (P <0.01).

Although both mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy have were effective on the cognitive emotion regulation in women with vaginismus, but the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is greater than cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Vaginismus is an involuntary contraction of the vaginal muscles that makes sexual intercourse difficult or impossible. Various treatment strategies have been proposed for vaginismus, such as sex therapy and desensitization. There is no sufficient evidence on the efficacy and effectiveness of vaginismus interventions. This review study was performed with aim to evaluate the effects of different interventions for vaginismus.

In this review study, to find the related articles, the databases of SID, Pubmed, Google scholar, and Science direct were searched using the key words of vaginismus, treatment, and clinical trial from 2002 to 2020. Criteria for selecting a controlled clinical trial were comparison of vaginismus treatments with other treatments, placebo treatment, and routine treatment, or waiting list for treatment.

In this study, 15 studies with a total of 655 participants were reviewed. The results of this study showed that cognitive-behavioral therapies, the use of dilators, Botox, sex therapists, and hypnotherapy could successfully treat vaginismus. Regarding the effectiveness of strategies, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with the highest number of trials has been very successful. After that, the use of dilators was very popular.

This study showed that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), the use of vaginal dilators, hypnotherapy, Botox and physiotherapy led to successful and satisfactory intercourse.

Sometimes couples refer with complaints of long-term infertility, while their main problem is vaginismus and inability to have  intercourse. This study reports the treatment of a patient with severe lifelong vaginismus using a cognitive-behavioral approach.

The couple with a history of 18 years of marriage, childless, had requested the use of assisted reproductive techniques for having a child. At first visit, due to the woman's inability to perform the vaginal examination and the history of fear of intercourse, they were referred to the sexual health clinic for treatment of vaginismus. The woman had a history of hymenectomy under anesthesia, which was ineffective in resolving the problem. Woman's anxiety and embarrassment of expressing the problem, her reluctance of treatment with a male doctor, and the husband's fear of having child due to the death of his mother during childbirth were the factors in the persistence of vasinismus during these years. The 18 years vaginismus was resolved with cognitive-behavioral therapy in less than 3 months. Spontaneous pregnancy occurred 3 months after treatment of vaginismus.

Taking an accurate sexual history and encouraging the couple to treat vaginismus prevents invasive assisted reproductive techniques. Prolonged vaginismus should not cause the couple and the therapist to be disappointed with the treatment. The happy and hopefull mood of the therapist in the counseling session, having patience and calmness, designing the treatment in accordance with the couple's lifestyle, paying attention to the husband's feelings and gaining his companionship in the treatment and promoting couple's self-confidence and self-management are among the success factors of vaginismus treatment. Also, continuous follow-up and giving positive feedback to the patient in cyberspace will speed up and continue the treatment process.

150 years consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria of pain, contraction and spasms has been questioned to explain vaginismus. The aim of this study was to understand the process of vaginismus diagnosis in women.

The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach based on the content analysis between 2014-2015. A total of 33 participants including 20 in patients group and 13 in clinical diagnostic group (gynecologist, midwife and clinical psychologist) were selected through purposeful and theoretical sampling in the clinics and family health centers of Tehran and Karaj and they were interviewed based on semi-structured method.

From data analysis, two topics of "perceived disorder in marital relations" with sub-themes of physical suffering and inability to have sexual intercourse and annoyance and psychological-emotional damage and also "applied diagnostic skills and knowledge" with sub-themes of behavioral interaction, were obtained from the diagnostic conditions and diagnostic criteria of the therapist.

The results showed that the therapist should be able to skillfully observe and discover the clinical diagnostic criteria of vaginismus, such as spasm, contraction, and pain, based on what he or she has learned as knowledge of vaginismus. The vaginismus is subsequently confirmed by a skillful analysis of the patient's marital status and the discovery of the dimensions of the patient's physical suffering and inability to have sex and the resulting psychological and psychological damage. For a definitive diagnosis of vaginismus, it is recommended that, at the first, a gynecological examination be performed to detect the clinical features, and second, a skilled analysis of the quality of the couple's marital relationship is recommended.

Vaginismus is one of the sex disorders that can cause infertility and affect the concept of femininity and the ability to be a mother and it can also damage the mental and sexual health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hypnotherapy on sexual function, pain catastrophizing, and irrational beliefs about fear of sex.

This study is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and control group and a two-month follow-up. Using the available samples, 30 women with vaginismus were randomly divided into two groups of fifteen. The experimental group received three 90-minute sessions using hypnosis and systematic desensitization based on their individual progress. The control group received no treatment during this time. Both groups were assessed using three questionnaires of sexual function, pain catastrophizing, and irrational beliefs about fear of vaginal penetration in pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages.

The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in terms of sexual function, pain catastrophizing, and irrational beliefs about sex in the post-test and follow-up phase (p<0/001). After treatment, all 13 patients in the experimental group were able to have intercourse.

The results showed that the use of hypnosis provides the opportunity to treat women with vaginismus in fewer sessions without the presence of a spouse.

Even though women’s perception of factors affecting vaginismus is taken into account as a mental concept that can be induced by sociocultural values, it has not been assessed so far in the form of a qualitative study in Iranian culture. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify psychological factors associated with vaginismus in married women referring to Tolou Clinic in Rasht, 2018.

A qualitative content analysis method was employed in this study. Using a purposive sampling method, the data were saturated with a total number of 11 women affected with vaginismus referring to Tolou Clinic in the city of Rasht from March 2018 to January 2019. Moreover, in-depth semi-structure interview was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis

During the process of content analysis, the participants elucidated three main categories of “cultural-educational factors”, “sexual knowledge”, and “sexual cognition and arousal”.

Based on the findings of this study, vaginismus was introduced as a sociocultural and psychological disorder that is determined by internalization of norms and values in a society with lack of well-timed sexual instruction, induction of negative sexual arousal and cognition, district educational styles for girls and creating duality and contradiction in girls’ mental structure between what they have learned and what they are expected to do as a woman.

Vaginismus is an uncontrolled contraction of the outer third muscle of the vagina that prevents intercourse. Based on the DSM-V-TR system, this disorder is associated with dyspareunia and "Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder". The purpose of this overview was to summarize population-based studies that reported the prevalence of vaginismus in the general population and to discover the discrepancies between studies.

This systematic review study was conducted on published articles on the prevalence of vaginismus in the world and in English. In selecting the articles, the keywords including Vaginismus, Prevalence, Incidence, Sexual Dysfunction, Genito-Pelvic Pain, Penetration Disorder with all possible combinations were systematically searched in the google scholar, science direct, PubMed, Cochrane databases. No search time limit was set to retrieve all relevant articles published by September 21, 2018.

Of the 10 studies, 4 articles reported prevalence of vaginismus in the general population. In selected studies, the incidence of vaginismus in the general population of women was reported 0.4% to 8%.

Different prevalence rates have been reported in different studies for vaginismus. In this review study, it was not possible to Meta-analyze and determines the overall prevalence due to the heterogeneity of the prevalence reports and different study methods.

Vaginismus is a sexual dysfunction in which couples are not able to have a normal intercourse. This disorder is one of the causes of infertility in women. The aim of this study is to successfully treat vaginismus disorder using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). This cross-sectional study was conducted at a psychiatry clinic. Two patients diagnosed with vaginismus and long term infertility, one with 6 years and the other with 7 years infertility, were chosen. The treatment, which was performed in 8 sessions lasting 45 minutes each, consisted of anatomical and functional teaching of genital organs, correction of misconceptions about sexual activity, and teachings about relaxation and mental imaging of sexual activity. After the successful completion of training, both patients were able to have satisfactory intercourse. One of the patients became pregnant after 5 months and pregnancy occurred in the other one after 3 months. CBT is still an appropriate method to treat Vaginismus and can be employed as a helpful, cost-effective, and non-invasive interventional therapy.

Vaginismus is considered as one of the most common GenitoPelvic Pain/Penetration Disorders. The complication of vaginismus is extensive. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to investigate the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on catastrophic thoughts on women with vaginismus.
In this single-case experimental trial of multiple-baseline type, four women with vaginismus who had referred to Ahvaz psychosexual clinics in 2015 were recruited. Catastrophic thoughts were assessed in participants by multidimensional vaginal penetration disorder questionnaire at baseline and after the intervention. After determining the base lines in dependent variable, the subjects were respectively entered in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and they were individually treated by 8 sessions per week. In this study, clinical significant is used. To analyzed data and evaluated the effectiveness this methods, used visuals or graphical chart analysis, diagnosis improve and six indicators Ingram.
After the treatment, all participants reported successful intercourse without pain and fear. The findings also showed that catastrophic cognitions significantly improved by Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in women with vaginismus (P The results of the study showed that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy can be considered as an effective treatment for vaginismus. Therefore, it is recommended to consider this therapy in the interventions for these patients; future studies with larger sample sizes and control groups is also suggested.

Vaginismus as a sexual dysfunction and having devastating consequences needs effective therapeutic approaches. Therefore, this study reports the treatment of 9 cases of vaginismus by using biofeedback and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Material and In this study, at first the patients were diagnosed with vaginismus according to their history and reaction during the examination. Treatment was combination of training anatomy and the genitals function, training sexual behavior, the correction of any inaccurate information and cognition about the sexual activity, behavioral practices, training relaxation technique and biofeedback for help to voluntary control and increase relaxation of pelvic floor muscles.
After an average of 4-5 weeks, all the 9 patients completed the treatment program and were able to have satisfactory intercourse. Pregnancy occurred in one of the patients immediately after the treatment and in two other patients, one with interval of two months and another three months after completion of the treatment.
Therefore, biofeedback with cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective and short-term treatments for patients with vaginismus.

Early maladaptive schemas and insecure attachment styles are the basis of many psychological disorders. This study was performed with aim to identify the early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles in women with vaginismus and comparing with normal women.

This scientific-comparative study was performed on two 30 cases groups (women with vaginismus and normal women) in 2014. Women with vaginismus were selected by convenience and purposeful sampling method by referring from gynecologist، psychiatrists and psychologists in Tehran، and were compared with normal women who were matched with first group in term of age and education. Data collection was performed by Young Schema Questionnaire- short form (YSQ-SF) and Collins and Read Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 20) and multiple variance analyses (MANOVA). P<0. 05 was considered statistically significant.

The mean score of all early maladaptive schemas in women with vaginismus was significantly more than normal women (P<0. 01). Attachment styles of two groups were significantly different in terms of closeness and anxiety (P<0. 01). So that، the women vaginismus significantly more used the anxiety style and less used closeness style than normal women. There was no significant difference between two groups in dependent attachment style (P=0. 1).

The women with vaginismus had more early maladaptive schemas and anxiety attachment style comparing to normal women.

This quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design was held on 30 women with vaginismus in Ahvaz city from 2007 to 2009. Samples with high-level of anxiety were randomly selected based on: Cattle Anxiety Inventory، Rozen Female Sexual Function Inventory and، clinical interview. They were divided into two groups of experiment (n=15) and control (n=15). The experiment group was participated in a Course of cognitive-behavioral method individually and in group for 12 sessions of 2 hours a week. The control group received no intervention. Collected data were analyzed by ANOVA and repeated measures analysis. P value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. There was a significant difference between two groups in anxiety after the final session of intervention (p<0. 001). Cognitive-behavioral methods significantly decreased the rate of anxiety in the experimental group in post-test stage and 12 months of follow-up (p<0. 001). Also، 13 women of the experimental group were treated after one year follow-up period. Cognitive-behavioral methods decreased the anxiety and fear of sexual intercourse in women with vaginismus after termination of therapy sessions and after 12 month follow-up period.