جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کاهو » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 The ureteral stent is one of the most useful devices in urology to remove obstructions that can cause problems for the patient. This study was conducted to determine the effects of lettuce on improving symptoms caused by stents.

 The clinical trial included 60 male participants with ureteral stones who were treated with ureteroscopy and stone fragmentation through the urethra. Urinary symptoms were evaluated using the USSQ questionnaire initially and again two weeks after the intervention. The participants were divided into two groups: the intervention group, which received tamsulosin and lettuce extract, and the control group, which received tamsulosin and a placebo. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, utilizing appropriate statistical tests with a significance level set at 0.05.

 The average age of the patients studied was 44.6±14.5 years. For the control group, the initial mean score for urinary symptoms was 26.64±3.13, which decreased to 16.58±2.84 two weeks after the intervention. In the intervention group, the initial score was 28.27±5.05, reducing to 15.68±2.42 post-intervention. There was a statistically significant difference noted within each group (P=0.001). However, between the two groups, no statistically significant difference was observed either before (P=0.136) or after the intervention (P=0.198).

 In the comparison of the two groups, lettuce did not demonstrate a significant effect on reducing urinary symptoms in the study subjects after the intervention. This issue can be due to the small sample size, the short duration of the study, the underlying disease of the patients and the type of lettuce planted. Future studies with longer duration are recommended.

Heavy metals are dangerous pollutants in the environment that accumulate in food. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the health risks and contamination of some heavy metals in lettuce and cabbage in the cities of Hamidieh, Dezful and Ramhormoz in Khuzestan province.

The sampling was completely random, with three repetitions, and 15 samples of each of the lettuce and cabbage vegetables grown in each region were prepared. Heavy metals were measured using the Perkin Elmer 4100 atomic absorption device. Heavy metal risk assessment was conducted using soil pollution indicators and health risk assessment method.

The highest amount of metal in cabbage is related to zinc (5.84±0.15 mg/kg), while the lowest amounts of chromium metal in lettuce (0.11±0.005 mg/kg) was achieved. Based on the daily absorption of heavy metals in lettuce and cabbage products, the results showed that the highest hazard index (HQ) values, ​​related to lead metal in cabbage for children and adults, were 3.9376 and 3.4253, respectively, compared to other heavy metals. The highest value of the carcinogenicity index in children was 0.0133 for cabbage consumption. The carcinogenic index of chromium metal in lettuce and cabbage products had the lowest values (0.0003 and 0.0004). Regarding the metal enrichment factor, lead, chromium, copper and cobalt were higher in the agricultural soils of Ramhormoz compared to other regions, while nickel and zinc were higher in the soils of Hamidiyeh than in Dezful and Ramhormoz. The soil index of accumulation of chromium, zinc and copper in the soil of Dezful agricultural fields was higher, whereas lead and cobalt were higher in Hamidiyeh soils than in Dezful and Ramhormoz. Additionally, nickel was higher in Ramhormoz agricultural fields.

According to the soil pollution indicators, cobalt metal played an important role in the soil pollution in Dezful, Hamidiyeh and Ramhormoz, while the metals lead, nickel, chromium, copper and zinc showed minimal pollution levels in the soil of the studied areas. The health risk assessment of soil heavy metals showed that the risk index for lead, nickel, chromium, copper, zinc and cobalt was lower than 1. Additionally, the carcinogenicity index of heavy metals for both adults and children was less than 10-4. The health risk assessment of heavy metals and their risk index showed that the consumption of lettuce and cabbage in these areas can lead to various health problems in people.

Pain is one of the most common problems after surgery. Various strategies have been used to alleviate it. To achieve the optimal pain management, various analgesics and narcotics are used, despite of having side effects. Numerous sources of Iranian Traditional Medicine have indicated the analgesic effects of lettuce. This study aims to evaluate the effects of lettuce syrup as an adjunctive therapy on pain relief after inguinal hernia surgery.

This is a triple-blind clinical trial. Seventy patients candidates for inguinal hernia surgery referred to Valiasr Hospital in Arak, Iran were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and placebo. From 3 days before surgery to after surgery, lettuce and placebo syrup were prescribed separately as well as morphine, if needed. Pain was measured using visual analogue scale (VAS) during recovery and 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. The data were analyzed by independent t-test, chi-square test, and repeated measure ANOVA. 

The acute pain level during recovery after surgery significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group. The mean VAS score 24 hours after surgery was 0.68±1.94 in the intervention group and 2.75±8.13 in the control group (P<0.05).

The use of lettuce syrup as an adjunctive treatment is effective in reducing pain after inguinal hernia surgery.

Cadmium and arsenic have toxicity and can accumulate in food and causepoisoning and disease in the human body. In this research, the amount of contamination ofheavy metals, particularly arsenic and cadmium in lettuce and common cabbage and soil inthree cities of Hamidieh, Dezful and Ramhormoz in Khuzestan province were investigated.

In order to implement the research, 15 samples of lettuce andcabbage cultivars were cultured and 15 soil samples were collected from cities of Hamidieh,Dezful and Ramhormoz in Khuzestan province. The ecological risk of cadmium and arsenicwas studied using pollution indices.

The lowest amounts of contaminations in both cabbage and lettuce vegetablesconcerned with arsenic were found in Dezful at the concentrations of 1.39 and 0.85 ppmwhile the highest concentrations were observed in Ramhormoz at the levels of 2.44 and 1.49ppm respectively. Ramhormoz soil indicated the highest concentrations at arsenic (2.24 ppm)while Dezful soil showed the highest amount of cadmium (0.25 ppm). The results showed thatheavy metals of arsenic and cadmium in the studied cities had low ecological risk (Er<40) andlow risk (IR) risk index (RI<150). The highest risk index is in Hamidieh (32.4) and the lowestrisk index is Ramhormoz (11.66).

The results of Health Hazard Index (HI) in lettuce and cabbage were less than 1,indicating that the concentration of these elements in the soil would be hazardous and wouldhave adverse health effects for the consumer.

Remediation of soils polluted to heavy metals especially in industrial cities is very important in environmental pollution studies. This research was performed to investigate the effect of rubber ash enriched urban waste vermi-compost on decreasing Cadmium (Cd) availability in lettuce plant in Cd-polluted soil. Treatments consisted of applying urban waste vermi-compost (0, 20, and 40 t/ha) enriched with 0 and 200 kg/ha rubber ash in a polluted soil with 0, 20, 30, and 40 mg Cd per kg, and plant in this experiment was lettuce. Soil and plant Cd concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Findings: Increasing the use of urban waste vermi-compost from 0 to 20 and 40 t/ha in a Cd-polluted soil (20 mg Cd per kg soil) caused a significant decrease in soil Cd availability by 1.3 and 2.4 times, respectively. Cd concentration in plant aerial organ was also decreased by 1.1 and 1.8 times, respectively. Applying 20 and 40 t/ha rubber ash enriched urban waste vermi-compost in a Cd-polluted soil (30 mg Cd/kg soil) caused a significant decrease in Cd concentration of plant aerial organ by 1.2 and 1.9 times, respectively. Applying urban waste vermi-compost causes a decrease in Cd availability in soil and plants and meanwhile, enrichment of this organic compound with rubber ash also decreases Cd sorption by plant

Because of application human and animal manure, polluted water and contact of animals in farms, Fruits and vegetables generally are contaminated with patogens. So, to removal of these contaminants, vegetables must be decontaminated before used. In this study, efficacy of two widely used disinfectants (Alkyl Dimethylbenzyl Ammonium Chloride and Benzalkonium chloride) in reduction of microbial load of lettuce were studied and also we comprise these to chlorine in the form of Calcium hypochlorite in order to reassure the people that used these disinfectants. In the present study, we determined the microbial load reduction in four steps of sanitizing and disinfection of lettuce obtained from market in Urmia (application of Alkyl Dimethylbenzyl Ammonium Chloride and Benzalkonium chloride and chlorine) and we used Most Probable Number of coliform (MPN) index to determined efficiency of washing and disinfection in reduction of microbial load. Results of this study show that, average initial levels of total coliform in lettuce obtained from market in Urmia samples were 3.557 log10 CFU/g. After disinfection of lettuce according to the protocol of Iranian Ministry of Health, at step of completely washed in water after cleaning average levels of total coliform were decreased to 3.35 log10 CFU/g and at step of washing with detergent, total coliform reduced to 2.07 log10 CFU/g. At step of disinfection with chlorin, initial microbil load decreased to 0.9 log10 CFU/g and Benzalkonium chloride caused decreased initial microbial load to 1.8 log10 CFU/g and Alkyl Dimethylbenzyl Ammonium Chloride caused decreased initial microbial load to 1.6 log10 CFU/g. Chlorin is an effective disinfectant in disinfection of lettuce that caused decrased 2.6 log10 CFU/g of colifrm at lettuce, and have beter efficiency than other two commertial disinfectants.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the long-standing herbs in traditional medicine known with many therapeutic properties. In this research، the effect of lettuce leaf extract on some reproductive traits such as testes weight and primary spermatocyte testosterone، LH and FSH in mice was investigated. In this experimental study، 40 male mice were selected and were randomly divided into 5 groups، including a control and 3 treatment and placebo groups. Treatment groups of animals received three intraperitoneal lettuce extract in daily doses of 25، 50 and 100 mg/kg for 20 days. Testosterone، LH and FSH tests implemented via Radioimmunoassay (RIA). The collected data analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan''s test. The results showed that the number of secondary spermatocytes (42±5) and concentrations of testosterone (0. 088±0. 023 ng/dl)، LH (0. 3±0. 02 mIU/dl) and FSH (1±0. 12 mIU/dl) significantly reduced at 100 mg/kg dose (P<0. 05). Considering the results، it seems that the compounds in lettuce extract can exert a negative effect on male mice reproductive physiology as a result of reduction in spermatocytes and reproductive hormones.

Introduction & Cardiovascular diseases are main causes of mortality and morbidity in the current world. Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for the cardiovas-cular diseases. Herbal medicine is much regarded because of their natural source and less side effects. This study was done to evaluate the effects of hydro- alcoholic extract of Luc-tuca-Sativa (LS) on blood pressure in rats. Hypertension was induced in the rats by Desoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-Salt then the hypertension induction was confirmed by tail-cuff method before treatment. The effects of one week treatment by LS hydro-alcoholic extract (100 mg/kg/day) on blood pressure; Heart Rate (HR) and Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) were investigated and compared with the control groups. Under anesthesia (urethane 1gr/kg) Mean Arterial blood Pressure (MAP) and HR were measured directly from Femoral Artery. In order to investigate the extract effects on MAP and HR, also possible mechanisms of these effects, intravenous injection of differ-ent concentrations of extract with and without pretreatment with histamine H1 receptor an-tagonist (Chlorpheniramine 10 mg/kg) were performed. PRA was measured by radio-immuonoassay method. Urine volume was also measured during the treatment The results of this study show that DOCA-Salt induced hypertension and decreased PRA in the rats. LS hydro- alcoholic extract treatment causes significant decrease of MAP in hypertension- treated group in comparison with non-treated group and also the level of PRA and urine volume increased by extract treatment. Our Findings showed that LS extract has no significant effect on HR. The results of this study indicated hat LS hydro- alcoholic extract due to interac-tion with kidney and diuretic effects decreased MAP and normalized PRA in the DOCA- Salt hypertensive

Transgenic plastids offer unique advantages in plant biotechnology، including high-level foreign protein expression and posing lower environmental ricks. As regard to sequencing of lettuce plastid genome، many Homologous segments can be used for vector designing to production recombinant proteins in this plant. We have described the development of a plastid transformation system for lettuce، (Lactuca sativa L. TN-96-39-B). The transforming DNA carries a betaine aldehyde -resistance gene BADH cassette (lettuce rrn promoter-BADH- lettuce psbA terminator) under control of lettuce chloroplast regulatory expression elements، flanked by two adjacent lettuce plastid genome sequences allowing its targeted insertion between the rbcL and accD genes. This system will open up new possibilities for the efficient production of plasma proteins، enzymes، growth factors، recombinant edible vaccines and antibodies in lettuce.

Cryptosporidium a zoonotic parasite with various hosts is well recognized as pathogen in humans particularly those with immune-suppression or immune-deficiency. The epidemiologic considerations for cryptosporidiosis emphasize on transmission of resistant oocystes via drinking water vegetables food etc. The present study was undertaken to study the Cryptosporidium contamination in lettuce from different regions as a source of infection for human beings in Shiraz. In a deh1ive–analytical study the cryptosporidium contamination of 200 lettuce samples from four different rigions was investigated during spring and summer 2006. All samples were processed and examined using modified Ziel-Neilsen staining and also by a quantitative method for counting oocystes per sample. From a total of 200 samples forty seven samples (23.5%) were positive. No significant difference was seen between contamination rate of lettuce and seasons except for samples from Jahrom where showed higher contamination rate in spring than summer. In addition no significant difference was observed among oocytes count in different samples except for lettuce from Ahwaz in summer with higher parasite intensity. Regarding to the high contamination of lettuce with Cryptosporidium as well as to sanitary washing of vegetables before consumption taking special procedures appear to be helpful for reducing the contamination rate at the farm level.

More than 80% of human dietary intake of nitrate comes from vegetables. Nitrate is converted to nitrite and nitrosacids, which can combine with primary and secondary amines, producing nitrosamines. Nitrosamines have hazardous effects on human health. Based on the results of the last National Food Consumption Survey in Iran (2002), lettuce, tomatoes and potatoes are the most widely consumed green leafy, fruit-bearing and tuberous vegetables. This study was carried out to determine the nitrate contents of these 3 vegetables on sale in the Tehran Central Fruit and Vegetable Market.

Three-Kg samples of lettuce, tomatoes, and potatoes, distributed in Tehran (Tehran Central Market, the Main Fruit, Vegetable and Agricultural Products Market) were taken during summer and winter 2007, at least 25 samples of each vegetable (a total of 157 samples). After separating inedible portions, the samples were washed, rinsed, minced, mixed thoroughly, freeze-dried and stored at -18◦C until analyzed. Nitrate was determined in the samples using HPLC based on the EC 12014-2 method, and Mann-Whitney nonparametric test, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Bon-Ferroni multiple comparison were used for statistical analysis of the data.

The mean concentration of nitrate in lettuce, tomatoes, and potatoes was 1123.46, 155.65, and 188.41 ppm, respectively. It is seen that the nitrate content of leafy vegetables was the highest, followed by fruit-bearing and tuberous vegetables. Nitrate accumulation in summer lettuce (1223.57 ppm) was higher than in the winter sample (1046.82 ppm), but in the case of tomatoes and potatoes it was the other way round: 210.25 and 264.64 ppm in winter and 101.11 and 104.45 ppm in summer, respectively. The average nitrate contents of lettuce in both seasons were within the internationally permitted range, while in the case of winter potatoes and tomatoes the averages exceeded the respective permitted ranges.

Nitrate accumulation in vegetables can vary according to the harvesting season. Further research is recommended to determine the effects of such factors as variety, age, agricultural practices and storage conditions.

Heavy metals are chemical permanent pollutants that they do not biodegrade like organic compounds. The high concentration of lead in lettuce can have harmful effect on health. The source of the lead in lettuce can be city industrial and domestic wastewater, agricultural waste and also air pollution for the lettuce near the roads. The lettuce has high capacity of store and absorption of lead. considering high consumption of lettuce, the control of lead in lettuce is very important for health. In this study 20 samples of lettuce used in kerman in 2009 was provided. After preparation, the lead content of samples was measured by atomic absorption. All the tests were measured by standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. The mean concentration of lead in the lettuce imported from Dezfol Jahrom,Yazd and Varamin were 0.02,0.05,0.03,0.07(µg/g) respectively. The mean concentration of lead in all the citis was lower than WHO guideline. According to the results, the lead level in the lettuce of the countries such as Turkey and Kenya was higher than that of used in Kerman.