جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کنار » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Today, due to the dangers of chemical preservatives in food, alternative and safe methods such as the use of natural extracts of natural plants have increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of Kenar fruit extract on the bacteria of Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus.

We prepared Kenar fruit extract by soaking or immersing in methanol. After concentrating by rotary device, we prepared 9 concentrations of the extract serially, then performed antibiogram by well method and determined MIC and MBC. We also used volumetric-volumetric solution of methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide in equal proportions as negative control and control disks and standard commercial antibiotics as positive control.

Based on the results, the diameter of inhition zone for dropletsfor Shigella, Salmonella, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli at a concentration of 80 mg/mL of methanolic extract of the plant was 24, 17, 59 and 19 mm, respectively. It was also found that methanolic extract of Kenar fruit had very good antibacterial effects on gram-positive bacterium Bacillus cereus compared to other target bacteria (which are gram-negative) and had significant growth inhibition and bactericidal effects at very low concentrations.

The results showed that methanolic extract had very favorable antibacterial effects against four target bacteria. Therefore, it can be said that the compounds of methanolic extract of this plant can be used as important components of various products in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and health industries.

Phenolic compounds and flavonoids have several biological properties, such as antioxidant properties, trapping free radicals, and anti-inflammatory properties. Different solvents have different capabilities in extracting phenolic materials and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate and compare the different plants in the south of Iran regarding phenolic content and antioxidant properties; moreover, it was attempted to evaluate the effect of the solvent type on the mentioned issues.

A total of 15 genotypes of medicinal plants (Ficus religiosa L, Terminalia catappa, Ficus carica, Cordia myxa, Black mulberry, Grewia asiatica, Psidium guajava, Mangifera 1, Mangifera 2, Eucalypteae, Syzygium cumini, Ziziphus 1, Citrullus colocynthis, Ziziphus 2, Punica granatum) were obtained from Roodān region (Hormozgan Province in Iran) and were also evaluated based on two types of methanolic and acetone extracts in terms of antioxidant properties, as well as phenolic and flavonoid substances in a factorial design in a completely randomized format with three replications. Data were analyzed using Statistic software (version 10), and the means were compared using the least significant difference at a 1% probability level.

The results of the analysis of variance showed that the mutual effect of the plant and antioxidant properties (based on the DPPH) for acetone and methanolic extracts was significant at a 1% probability level. In the use of acetone solvent, the highest amount of phenol was in eucalyptus (7.43 mg/gFW), followed by Syzygium cumini (Java Plum) (6.52 mg/gFW). Furthermore, the highest amount of flavonoids was in mango 1 (23.21 mg/gFW), followed by Terminalia catappa (Indian-almond) (18.75 mg/gFW) and eucalyptus (15.36 mg/gFW). The most antioxidant properties were in Psidium guajava (Guava) (85.24%), followed by Ziziphus mauritiana 1 (Jujube 1) (82.68%) and Terminalia catappa (Indian-almond) (82.31%). In the use of methanol solvent, the highest amount of phenol was in Syzygium cumini (Java Plum) (7.82 mg/gFW), followed by eucalyptus (7.34 mg/gFW). In addition, the highest amount of flavonoids was in Terminalia catappa (Indian-almond) (mangroves) and mango 1 (24.46 mg/gFW and 25.06 mg/gFW, respectively) and then Grewia asiatica (Phalsa) (16.07 mg/gFW) and Ziziphus mauritiana 1(Jujube 1) (13.51 mg/gFW). The highest antioxidant properties were obtained from Terminalia catappa (Indian-almond) (82.07%), pomegranate (78.97%), and Ziziphus mauritiana 1(Jujube 1) (78.16%).

The most critical solvent for the extraction of phenol and Flavonoid substances with high oxidative properties is acetone. The most useful plants in terms of the presence of materials and antioxidant properties were Terminalia catappa (Indian-almond) and Ziziphus mauritiana (Jujube).

In the resent years, using different kind of herbal extracts had been considered for bacterial infection. Sedr or Konar which scientific name is Ziziphus spina-christi L. is native to tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of functional groups and antimicrobial activity of Ziziphus spina-christi aqueous extract on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua “in vitro”.

In this laboratory study, extraction of ziziphus spina-christi L. leaf powder with maceration method was done for 48 hours. Leaf extracts antibacterial of these leaves were evaluated by four

Disc diffusion agar, well diffusion agar, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC). The functional groups of Ziziphus spina-christi aqueous extract was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

In disc diffusion agar and well diffusion agar methods, all the concentration of ziziphus spinachristi L. restrained bacterial strains. The MIC was for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua about 64, 32, 8 and 16 respectively. The results showed that MIC of extracts was further of MBC. The main peaks of Ziziphus spina-christi aqueous extract factor groups were observed in wave numbers of 3390, 2974, 2933, 1715, 1606, 1419, 1307, 1274, 1059, 885, 820, 779 and 629 cm-1 .

Based on results, the Ziziphus spina-christi aqueous extract had desirable antibacterial effect. The results showed that Gram-negative bacteria showed further resistance against extract. Using this herbal compound could be effective to control pathogenic bacteria in food and pharmaceutical industries.

 Environmental pollution emitted from industrial areas while enter the food chain can cause serious adverse health effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to use Ziziphus spina-christi and Prosopis cineraria leaves as bio-indicators of environmental pollution emitted from the complex of Steel Company.  In this descriptive study, a total of 90 surface soil samples and also 90 leave samples were collected. After acid digestion of samples, the heavy metal contents were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Also, the Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) of metals were computed. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical package.  The highest content of the metals (mg/kg) with an average of 2180.3 ± 202.3 and 2237.9 ± 315.1 for Fe, 76.6 ± 9.6 and 114.3 ± 4.5 for Pb and 69.2 ± 16.8 and 107.2 ± 6.8 for Cd were found to be in Z. spina-christi and P. cineraria unwashed leaves respectively. Also, the BCF of all studied metals were higher than 1.  Based on the values of BCF, it can be concluded that Z. spina-christi and P. cineraria can be considered as a suitable species for phytoextraction of heavy metals in the most polluted regions including industrial and urban areas.

Antioxidants are compounds that absorb free radicals and reduce the rate of oxidation, spoilage, colour changes and in general oxidative rancidity. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been limited for their possible side effects, therefore scientists have been searching for alternatives from natural sources. The aim of this study is to determine the optimum conditions to obtain date kernel and zizyphus fruit extracts.
In this study, 9 solvent systems (3 single component solvent systems including water, ethanol and methanol and 6 two components solvent systems including water 50: ethanol 50, water 50: methanol 50, water 20: ethanol 80, water 80: ethanol 20 ,water 20: methanol 80 and water 80: methanol 20) at three time periods of 3, 5 and 7 hours in a shaking incubator with a stirring speed of 280 rpm were employed and the amount of extracted phenolic compounds were compared. After choosing the selected treatments evaluation of antioxidant activities concerning DPPH free radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity and reducing power were performed.
the best solvent systems for zizyphus fruit extractions were water 50: ethanol 50 for two time periods of 5 and 7 hours and for date kernel extraction were water 50: ethanol 50 and water 20: ethanol 80 and ethanol for time period of 7 hours. All these extraction treatment were evaluated using antioxidant tests and solvent extraction system of water 50: ethanol 50 for period of 7 hours were selected as the best treatment.
The results indicated that the solvent mixture consisting of polar and non-polar solvents had greater ability in extraction of phenolic compounds.