جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کولپوسکوپی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

In the case of abnormal Pap smear, colposcopy is recommended. Women referred for colposcopy experience high levels of stress. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of supportive counseling on stress reduction in women undergoing colposcopy.

This quasi-experimental study was performed on 72 women undergoing colposcopy in Ardabil, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups. The intervention group received supportive counseling during three sessions ‎every three days. The control group only received a pamphlet containing information on colposcopy. The data were collected using perceived stress scale. Independent t-test, and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data.

There was no significant difference in demographic and obstetrics characteristics of the participants (P> 0.05). Before counseling, the mean score (SD) of stress in the intervention group was 35 (4.24) and it was 33.54 (5.13) in the control group (P= 0.217). After counseling, the mean score of stress was not significantly different between the two groups [AMD: 0.93, 95% CI: -1.40 to 3.27, p =0.428].

Supportive counseling could not reduce the stress. Using other stress management strategies such as cognitive restructuring and mindfulness in women undergoing colposcopy might worth for suggeting the future studies.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death in women. The present study was performed aimed to evaluate and compare Pap smear and colposcopy findings as cervical cancer screening methods in patients reffered to Amir Al-Momenin hospital of Semnan.

In this cross-sectional and retrospective study, liquid-based Pap smear and colposcopy results of 200 colposcopiy candidates referred to the clinic of Amir Al-Momenin Hospital were studied in 2016-2018. In this study, all patients who had undergone colposcopy for various reasons and also had done Pap smear were examined. The data of each patient were recorded in a researcher-designed checklist. The checklist consisted of demographic and main data sections. The abnormalities in Pap smears included pre-invasive and invasive positive cervical lesions. The abnormalities in colposcopy included pre-invasive and invasive positive cervical lesions. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 23) and independent t-test, chi-square, or Fisher's test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

From 200 patients, 40 cases (20%) showed positive Pap smear. Also, colposcopy results showed that 17 patients (8.5%) had positive findings. There were signficant differences in the frequency of positive and negative results of Pap smear and colposcopy in patients with symptoms of post coital bleeding (P=0.021), intermenstrual bleeding between periods (P=0.035), vaginal discharge (P=0.009), and pelvic pain (P = 0.011). 

The non-positive results of Pap smear in positive cases of colposcopy emphasizes the quality control of Pap smear procedures and indicates the need to use colposcopy in suspicious cases. Direct colposcopy is recommended in case of warning signs such as post coital bleeding and abnormal discharge.

One of the most important causes of cancer death in women is cervical cancer. Early detection of precursors or early stage disease is possible using low-cost and available screening approaches, and this is associated with a reduction in patients' mortality. This study was performed with aim to compare colposcopic findings and histological findings in colposcopic cervical biopsy specimens.

This cross-sectional study was performed in 2016-2017 on 200 patients referred to the gynecology and oncology clinic of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad with colposcopic indications. These indications included abnormal Pop smear, post coital bleeding, abnormal appearance of cervix and vagina on examination, and existence of high-risk HPV virus in tests. If there was a history of abnormal Pap smear or biopsy due to suspected cervical lesions, the subjects were excluded from the study. Initially, the cause of colposcopy, Pap smear and HPV status were extracted using the information in the file. In the next stage, under the supervision of two gynecologists with oncology fellowship, colposcopy was performed and the findings during colposcopy were recorded. Finally, the data were analyzed with the pathological report. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 23).

Physician diagnosis at the end of colposcopy was abnormal in 162 patients (81.5%). As a result of colposcopic pathology, the results showed abnormal pathology in 120 patients (60%). The most common pathologies reported were CIN1 (87.4%), CIN2 (9.2%), and CIN3 (2.3%), respectively. There was a correlation between the colposcopic result and the pathological result in 21% of patients (n=42). The sensitivity of colposcopy compared to the pathological result was 89% and its specificity was 30%. The positive and negative predictive value of colposcopy was 65% and 64% compared to the pathological result.

Colposcopy has an acceptable sensitivity in the diagnosis of cervical pathological lesions, but has a low specificity. Therefore, this screening / diagnostic test can be used in one of the multi-stage screening stages (after the initial screening with Pap smear) and if there are any abnormalities during the colposcopy, biopsy be performed.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the common infectious and pathogenic agents, and some of its genotypes have the ability to cause malignant changes in the surface of mucous cells. By examining the prevalence of HPV in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) Pap smear according to the risk factors, we can make a more correct decision in choosing the evaluation method and directing the patient to report the ASCUS lesion. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients with ASCUS Pap smear.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients with ASCUS pap smear results and HPV test referred to the colposcopy clinic of Babol Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital during the last two years. Demographic information, history of obstetrics, history of OCP use, history of STD disease and high-risk behaviors, cervical treatments, HPV typing, Pap smear, colposcopy and cervical biopsy results were recorded and analyzed.

The mean age of the patients was 33.83±8.09 years, and ASCUS pap smear showed 129 cases (64.5%) of high-risk papillomavirus, 16 cases (0.8%) of low-risk papillomavirus and 55 cases (27.5%) of both types. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 was in 18 cases (0.9%), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 in 10 cases (0.5%) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 in 2 cases (0.1%). 17.1% of high-risk viruses caused cervical neoplasm. None of the low-risk viruses led to neoplasms and all of them were inflammatory. In both high-risk and low-risk cases, 14.5% neoplasm was seen. However, the relationship between the type of papillomavirus and the incidence of neoplasm was significant (p=0.058).

Based on the results of this study, the ASCUS pap smear needs more detailed investigation such as colposcopy and cervical biopsy under the supervision of experts because it is associated with the high-risk HPV virus in many cases.

Anxiety before colposcopy causes pain and discomfort during the procedure. Auriculotherapy could be an effective approach to reduce anxiety. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of auriculotherapy with vaccaria seeds on the anxiety in female colposcopy candidates.
This single-blind clinical trial was conducted on 61 women referring to Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran for colposcopy in 2017. The research units were selected via random allocation and classified into two groups of intervention and placebo. In the intervention group, vaccaria seeds were attached to the acupoints (shenmen, relaxation, tranquilizer, and endocrine) of the patients three days before colposcopy. The patients were asked to press each point for one minute three times a day. In the placebo group, labels without seeds were attached to unrelated points to anxiety. Anxiety levels were measured before and after the intervention (immediately before colposcopy) using Spielberger's state-trait anxiety inventory. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22 using independent and paired t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon test at the significance level of P After the intervention, mean scores of state anxiety were 44.5±9.9 and 49.2±7.8 in the intervention and placebo groups, respectively, and a significant difference was observed between the groups in this regard (P=0.041). In addition, mean score of trait anxiety were 43.80±8.77 and 47.9±8.35 in the intervention and placebo groups, respectively, showing a significant difference between the groups (P=0.049).
According to the results, auriculotherapy could effectively reduce the anxiety of the subjects after the intervention. Therefore, auriculotherapy is recommended as a beneficial approach to decrease anxiety in colposcopy candidates.

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women, and its annual incidence is more than 500,000 cases in the world and is the most common cause of death due to gynecologic cancer in America in 2011. The pursuit of abnormal Pap smear with the help of high-sensitivity diagnostic methods requires to evaluate the diagnostic value of Pap smear compared with colposcopy in diagnosing the abnormal cases and timely treatment and reduce the mortality from cervical cancer. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the diagnostic value of Pap smear compared with colposcopy in diagnosing the abnormal cases of cervix.
This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 172 women with abnormal Pap smear who referred to the gynecology clinic of Yasouj and had undergone colposcopy in 2015. Data collection tools included a checklist (demographic and midwifery characteristics, Pap-smear report and colposcopic examination), and data collection method was through examination and observation. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 19) and Chi-square test. P In this study, 55 patients (31%) had abnormal colposcopy and 22.1% of abnormal cases were aceto withe. 117 cases (68.0%) of abnormal pap smears were diagnosed by normal colposcopy, which indicated the compliance of pap smear and colposcopy with an agreement coefficient of 30% (p = 0.032). The most compliance of pap smear and colposcopy was obtained in a high-grade lesion (CIN3), and the least complication was reported in cases which pap smear showed a mild-grade lesions (CIN1, CIN2). The diagnostic sensitivity of colposcopy was obtained 93%, so the diagnostic accuracy of colposcopy (54.3%) was higher than pap smear (41.26%).
Colposcopy compared with Pap smear has higher efficacy and diagnostic accuracy in finding the early stages of cervical cancer. The most compliance of pap smear and colposcopy was obtained in a high-grade lesion (CIN3).

Cervical cancer is one of the main causes of women's mortality in many of developing world countries and had a significant increase in recent years. Using appropriate screening methods, this disease can be diagnosed at early stages and the deaths caused by it will be reduced. This study was performed with aim to compare the results of colposcopy and histology in patients with abnormal Pap smear or suspicious clinical findings.
This cross-sectional analytic study was performed on 75 patients who had referred to Besat Hospital in Sanandaj from January 2013 to January 2016 with abnormal Pap smear and suspicious clinical findings in order to perform colposcopy and Pap smear. Colposcopic results and histological findings were extracted from the patient's files. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) and Chi-square test. The confidence intervals for diagnostic value indices were 0.05.
Histopathology and colposcopy studies were conducted on 36 patients with abnormal Pap smear and 39 patients with suspicious symptoms and clinical findings. Sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy were 69.23% and 73.46%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of colposcopy were 58.07% and 81.82%, respectively. There was significant relationship between the results of colposcopy and histology.
In cases of abnormal Pap smear and suspicious clinical findings, colposcopy can be used to validate the findings.

Cervical cancer is the fifth most common cancer between women in Iran. Screening programs with pap smear and colposcopy and confirmation by biopsy could diagnose cervical cancer at early stages and reduce its mortality. The purpose of this study was to compare cytologic، colposcopic and histologic test results of patients referred for colposcopy. This prospective and descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 328 patients with an abnormal pap smear or suspicious clinical findings and referred to oncology clinic of Fatemieh hospital for colposcopy، during 2009 to 2011 in Hamadan، Iran. Patients underwent colposcopy and examined by a single person. Colposcopic and histologic findings were collected and analyzed using SPSS software version 17، chi-square and paired t-tests. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. Colposcopy was done in 152 cases with abnormal cytology and 176 cases with suspicious clinical findings. The most common clinical findings in referred cases for colposcopy were respectively cervical ulceration and postcoital bleeding. In this study، the sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy were 60% and 64. 13%، respectively. Positive and negative predictive values of colposcopy were 26. 6% and 88. 50%، respectively. There was a significant correlation between the results of colposcopy and biopsy (p=0. 046). Also، there was a significant correlation between the results of the pap smear and biopsy (p=0. 038). Performingcolposcopy in abnormal pap smear or other colposcopy indication could be coincident on histology findings with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.

Due to high false negative results of Pap smear، investigators are trying to design alternative tests for screening. One such option is Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA). To determine the sensitivity and specificity of VIA as an alternative screening test for cervical cancer prevention. This is a prospective study on 401 based on demographic questioner، three separate Pap smear، referred to alzahra hospital Gynecology clinic. All the patients were given questionnaires of demographic characteristics and then underwent 3 separate tests (Pap smear، VIA and colposcopy) simultaneously. If colposcopic evaluation was abnormal، a sample biopsy was taken. The gold standard test is considered to be colposcopy-directed biopsy. Upon data collection، they were analyzed by statistical software SPSS version 14. As shown، 12 had abnormal Pap smear، 39 with positive VIA and 11 had abnormal colposcopy. Sensitivity of VIA was found to be 72. 7%، and specificity 92. 1%. Pap smear detected 83. 3% CINI، 66. 6% CIN III، 50% Invasive cancers whereas VIA detected 50% CINI and 100% CIN III and invasive cancers. Both tests yielded 3 false negative results. The number of false positives was higher for VIA. VIA is a more powerful screening test than Pap smear but its detection ability for CIN I is lower، compared with Pap smear. In order to minimize false negative results، we propose combination of VIA and Pap smear.

Cervical carcinoma was among the most common neoplasm of females. Screening and diagnostics tests are widely used to identify the precancerous lesions. The present study was conducted to determine the diagnostic value of colposcopy for identifying precancerous lesions of cervix in patients with abnormal pap smear referring to ShabihKhani hospital in Kashan during an academic year. This clinical trail was performed on 100 females with abnormal pap smear. They all underwent colposcopy and punch biopsy. They were assigned in two groups of positive negative according to the findings of colposcopy and biopsy. The mean age of the candidates was 44.6±13.3 years. Colposcopy has a sensitivity of 79.2% and specificity of 63.8%. Positive and negative predictive values were 71.2% and 73.2%, respectively the total accuracy of the colposcopy was 72%. Colposcopy has shown higher sensitivity for high grade lesions. Results have revealed that colposcopy could not identify precancerous lesions regardless of punch biopsy and cytology. With respect to the adequate sensitivity of colposcopy in high grade lesions, one could only rely on colposcopy findings when it reveals a high grade lesion. This screening technique is valuable for patient follow up in low grade lesions and diagnose of high grade lesion before the therapeutic approach