جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Activation » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the major psychological challenges in adolescents' social relationships that could lead to many problems. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of behavioral activation and stress inoculation training on experiential avoidance and emotion regulation in adolescents with SAD.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up plan with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all students aged 15 to 18 with SAD in the 2nd education district of Isfahan in the academic years 2021 and 2022. For this purpose, using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, 600 students were screened from among boys' high schools in Isfahan by implementing Paklak's social anxiety scale adolescents (2004). They were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. The people in the experimental groups participated in parallel and simultaneous treatment sessions of behavioral activation (10 sessions) and stress inoculation training (9 sessions); But for the control group, there was no intervention. The measurement tools included the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) by Bond & et all (2011) and emotion regulation by Gross and John (2003). To analyze the data, the statistical method of analysis of variance of repeated measurements and Bonferroni's posthoc test was used in SPSS-26 software.

The results showed that behavioral activation therapy had a stronger effect on experiential avoidance than other one for 15-18-year-old with SAD, and the effects of the intervention remain stable over time (p<0.01). Also, comparing the results of the effects of two methods of behavioral activation and stress inoculation training on improving emotion regulation in adolescents, no significant difference was found (p>0.01).

The results of this study support the effect of behavioral activation therapy and stress inoculation training on experiential avoidance and emotion regulation in adolescents with SAD.

Background and Aims:

 Time-of-day is a factor that could affect balance performance. On the other hand, arousal fluctuates throughout the day. The aim of this study was to investigate the static balance performance prediction based on arousal and activation in circadian rhythm.

Methods:

 In the current study, 30 healthy subjects (age= 21± 0.5 years) participated. Static balance performance was measured three times: 10:00 am, 15:00 pm, and 8:00 pm. Arousal was recorded continuously during the performance of the balance task. A balance scoring test (BESS) and a Bioderm device were used to measure static balance and arousal. Repeated measures ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results:

 Results indicated that balance performance was greater at 3:00 pm than at 8:00 pm and 10:00 am (P<0.05). The relationship between activation and static balance performance was significant (P<0.05), while no significant relationship was found between arousal and static balance performance. Also, the intensity of activation correlation and static balance performance was higher at 3:00 pm (P<0.05, r=-0.46). The regression results showed that activation was a significant predictor at three different times of the day.

Conclusion :

According to the results, these findings can provide evidence for differentiation between arousal and activation as separable aspects of the energetics of physiological and behavioral function. It also introduces activation as a factor that raises the static balance in the afternoon to morning and evening.

Lumbar disc herniation is the most common specific cause of chronic low back pain and exercise therapy is one of the goals of its management. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of core stability exercises on activation of abdominal muscles and flexibility of lumbar in men with disc herniation.

The subjects of this clinical trial study were 20 young and middle-aged men with lumbar disc herniation referred to physiotherapy in rasht in first half of year 1399 who were randomly divided into two groups of core stability exercises (n=10) and control (n=10). The electrical activity of the internal oblique, external oblique, and rectus abdominis muscles was measured by electromyography and abdominal muscle strength by straight leg raising test and flexibility by sit and reach test. Training protocol of intervention group included 8 weeks of core stability exercise, while the control group was only followed up. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t test an analysis of covariance test with SPSS software.

Activation of 3 muscles and strength and flexibility after 8 week of exercise had a significant improvement(p<0/05)but changes were not significant in control group. However, analysis of covariance showed a difference between two groups in activation of all three muscles and flexibility(p<0/05)But no significant difference was observed in muscle strength.

Our findings showed, people with disc herniation experience greater activation, strength, and flexibility in trunk muscles after core stability exercise thus can be considered in rehabilitation.

Heart disease is one of the main causes of mortality in the world. Various biotic factors, including abnormal levels of fatty acids in the blood, increased levels of bad cholesterol or low levels of lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, lack of physical activity or exercise, overweight, aging, family history early heartbeat coronary heart disease, makes people susceptible to heart disease. However, several studies have shown that these factors alone do not play a determining role in the development of these diseases, but psychological factors and personality factors also have a significant impact on the disease. In Iran, cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death (about 64%). Since this is a mental illness, it is necessary to consider the combination of biological and psychological factors in the study of its effective factors. Importance of psychological factors in the development of heart disease has been proved and there has been little research in Iran in this regard. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to predict perceived stress based on activating and disabling systems of personality traits and behaviors.

The research method was correlation–prediction type. The statistical population of this study was cardiac patients admitted to cardiac department of Heart, Shariati and Naft hospitals, in 2018, which were selected by available method for 150 patients with heart disease. Perception questionnaire Cohen et al. (1983), Carver and White's (1994) and Neo (1992) multifaceted personality–based systems of inhibition/activation were distributed among patients. After performing the research and collecting, the necessary data to verify the hypothesis the research method was Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis.

Pearson correlation between perceived stress and behavioural activation systems and behavioural systems in cardiac patients was positive and significant. Correlation coefficient between perceived stress and neuroticism was positive and with negative dimensions of extroversion and openness, but there was no significant relationship between the other two dimensions of perceived stress. The result of regression showed that the multivariate correlation coefficient between predictor and criterion variables was equal to 0.44. This correlation coefficient resulted in a coefficient of 0.41. The adjusted adjustment coefficient equalled 0.39.

The results of the research showed that about 39% of changes in the dependent variable (perceived stress) were predictable through the dimensions of the personality and the activating and inhibiting systems of behaviour. The result of the current research suggests that importance of personality dimensions and activating and inhibiting systems in predicting perceived stress in cardiac patients. High magnitude of the determination coefficient indicated the importance of these factors, suggesting that therapists and counsellors should consider these predictors of perceived stress to be rehabilitated to patients. The result of this study, in particular, supports role of the effect of behavioural inhibition system in predicting perceived stress, which is essential for the rehabilitation of these patients as an intervening factor in the treatment of anxiety and stress in cardiac patients.