جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Blood » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Thalassemia is a common disease caused by mutations in the beta globins gene. Today, this disease is high frequency due to some factors including lack of control, the increase of population growth, and lack of implementation of appropriate methods of family planning. In present study, the molecular β-thalassemia has been investigated in patients with thalassemia major in Ardabil, Iran. Blood samples of patients were collected over the province and in the process of collecting; sampling of venous blood was performed under blood expert guidance and with the consent of 50 patients with β-thalassemia major. The samples were stored at -70 ºC in the freezer and DNA after extraction was amplified by amplification refractory mutation system - polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. The results showed that the frequency of mutation was 16%, 14% and 4% for IVSI-110, IVSII-1 and IVSI-5 mutations, respectively. It can be concluded that the incidence of β-thalassemia major in Ardabil IVSI-110 has the highest ratio of the disease, IVSII-1 is in the second place and IVSI-5 has a bit effect on the creation of thalassemia major patients. It is recommended to create a database of mutations in β-thalassemia patients to find appropriate therapeutic solutions.

Recent studies suggest that bacteria may play a role in triggering rheumatoid arthritis. Considering the recent reports on viable but non-culturable cells (VBNC) in the synovial fluid and blood of patients, the role of bacteria has become more prominent. The present study aimed to use general and specific primers to detect microbiome in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

A general primer, called 16S rRNA was used in the present study to detect a wide range of bacteria in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Specific primers were designed and used such as nuc and rfbE to trace Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in patients' blood. Examining 102 blood samples and performing the genomic extraction separately for each sample, PCR was then performed using general and specific primers, and the results were sequenced. The findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

According to the results, in 102 blood samples of rheumatoid arthritis patients, who were negative for bacteriological culture, there were 74 cases (72.54%) of 16S rRNA gene, and 54 cases (52.9%) of Staphylococcus aureus nuc gene, respectively. Moreover, a specific gene, rfbE, was traced in 12 samples.

The findings of the present study indicated the presence of microbiome in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Because the blast sequencing results of the PCR product showed a wide range of bacterial genomes. These findings may potentially improve the management of rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis and treatment.

Alterations in hematological and renal parameters have been reported with antiepileptic drugs. This study evaluates the effects of lamotrigine (LTG) and levetiracetam (LEV) on these parameters in children with epilepsy.

This randomized clinical trial included children with a first-time diagnosis of epilepsy referred to Bandar Abbas Children’s Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, from 2017 to 2018. The participants’ age, gender, and family history of epilepsy were recorded. The patients in the LTG group received 0.6 mg/kg oral LTG in two divided doses for two weeks which continued with 1.2 mg/kg for another two weeks and then with a maintenance dose of 5-15 mg/kg daily. The patients in the LEV group received 10 mg/kg oral LEV twice a day. When necessary, the dosage is increased to a maximum of 30 mg/kg twice a day. The treatment continued until seizures were controlled. Hematological and renal parameters were measured at baseline and 3 months after treatment. The total duration of treatment with each drug was also noted.

From the 66 children evaluated in this study with a mean age of 8.51±2.11 years, 31 (47%) were male. Age, gender, family history of epilepsy, treatment duration, and baseline hematological and renal parameters did not differ between the LTG group (n=26) and the LEV group (n=40). The patients in both groups were comparable in terms of all the parameters after treatment. Also, no significant change was observed after treatment compared to baseline in either group. 

LTG and LEV have no significant effect on the hematological and renal parameters of children with epilepsy.

Metals are a part of trace nutrients necessary for our body. They enter the body and accumulate there in different ways such as drinking water, food, smoking, and the like. In addition, they can lead to harmful health effects. In this study, three databases, including ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Springer, were searched, and articles dealing with the monitoring of metals in human body liquids related to tobacco consumption were selected. The results demonstrated that the total concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in the hair of children, who were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (Child E-ETS), was higher than that of children not exposed to tobacco smoke (Child NE-ETS) (4.89 vs. 4.82 μg/g). It was similar for the blood of the children (32.58 vs. 28.3 μg/L). The concentration of Pb, Cd, and arsenic in the blood of adult smokers was significantly higher than that of adult non-smokers (22.07, 1.37, and 22.42 vs. 13.81, 0.57, and 7.51 μg/L). The concentration of the metals in the plasma was higher than the remaining fluids. The concentration of Cd was 0.3286 ± 0.0982 and 0.2759 ± 0.1239 μg/g in the urine of adult smokers and non-smokers, respectively. The results indicated that tobacco smoking could increase some metals in body liquids while decreasing some essential elements of the body, including iron.

All three phases of laboratory testing are equally important for improving total quality management, but the pre-analytical phase is the most error-prone. This study aimed to determine the rate and reasons for blood sample rejection in the pre-analytical phase of laboratory testing in a referral hospital in Ruhengeri, Rwanda.

This study was a cross-sectional and retrospective study in which 222 samples with nonconformities were discovered from 19,775 clinical samples. Various data related to the rejected samples were recorded along with nonconformities.  

The rate of blood sample rejection was 1.045% and 1.165% for the cross-sectional and retrospective approaches, respectively. The overall blood sample rejection rate was 1.105%. The most frequent error in the cross-sectional aspect was mislabeling (38.3%), while clotting (46.4%) was the most common cause of sample rejection in the retrospective aspect.

Based on the results of our study, the rate of blood sample rejection is high in the study area. Thus, there should be a laboratory policy for error record keeping as well as a settlement in “laboratory sentinel events” covering the total testing process.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after lung resection.

After the implementation of the exclusion criteria, 170 patients were retrospectively analyzed. PLR and NLR were obtained from fasting complete blood counts before surgery. POAF was diagnosed using standard clinical criteria. The associations between different variables and POAF, NLR, and PLR were calculated using univariate and multivariate analyses. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of PLR and NLR.

Of the 170 patients, 32 with POAF (mean age =71.28±7.27 y, 28 males and 4 females) and 138 patients without POAF (mean age =64.69±10.31 y, 125 males and 13 females) were identified, and the difference in the mean age was statistically significant (P=0.001). It was found that PLR (157.67±65.04 vs 127.52±56.80; P=0.005) and NLR (3.90±1.79 vs 2.04±0.88; P=0.001) were statistically significantly higher in the POAF group. In the multivariate regression analysis, age, lung resection size, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, NLR, PLR, and pulmonary arterial pressure were independent risk factors. In the ROC analysis, PLR had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 33% (AUC, 0.66; P<0.001), and NLR had a sensitivity of 71.9% and a specificity of 87.7% (AUC, 0.87; P<0.001). A comparison of AUC between PLR and NLR showed that NLR was statistically more significant (P<0.001).

This study showed that NLR was a stronger independent risk factor than PLR for the development of POAF after lung resection.

Taking the drivers' health into account from different perspectives is important. This study aimed to examine how heavy vehicle drivers' blood parameters are related to their road accident risk.

A descriptive study was conducted among 200 drivers of heavy vehicles. The blood parameters were determined based on the medical records of drivers, as well as data on accidents, demographics, and occupational factors reported in a standardized questionnaire assessing the safety of drivers. The examined drivers' blood parameters included markers for white and red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Nonparametric statistical tests and logistic regression were used to analyze the data by SPSS-v.21.

Mean and standard deviation of age, BMI, and daily working hours of drivers were 47.5±9, 27.9±2.99, and 10.66±2.52, respectively. Most drivers were normal in terms of white and red blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelet, while 22.5%, 29%, and 26% were suffering from abnormal conditions in terms of fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, and triglyceride, respectively. A study of the impact of blood parameters on accidents revealed that red blood cells, fasting blood sugar, and triglyceride levels were significantly different in three groups of drivers with different numbers of accidents and near-misses. Based on the logistic regression analysis, the number of cigarettes per day, age, exercise hours, and blood hemoglobin contributed to accidents.

This study supports the concept that blood parameters, such as hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, and triglyceride, can influence the safe performance of drivers and road accidents.

The cytokine storm and lymphopenia are reported in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs) exist in two different forms, granulocyte (G-MDSCs) and monocytic (M-MDSCs), that both suppress T-cell function. In COVID-19, the role of chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-8 in recruiting MDSCs is unclear. A recent report has correlated IL-8 and MDSCs with poor clinical outcomes in melanoma patients. In the current study, we evaluated the frequency of MDSCs and their correlation with serum IL-8 levels in severe COVID-19 patients from Iran. Thirty-seven severe patients (8 on ventilation, 29 without ventilation), thirteen moderate COVID-19 patients, and eight healthy subjects participated in this study between 10th April 2020 and 9th March 2021. Clinical and biochemical features, serum, and whole blood were obtained. CD14, CD15, CD11b, and HLA-DR expression on MDSCs was measured by flow cytometry. COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects had a greater frequency of M-MDSCs (12.7±13.3% vs 0.19±0.20%,), G-MDSCs (15.8±12.6% vs 0.35±0.40%,) and total-MDSCs (27.5±17.3% vs 0.55±0.41%,). M-MDSC (16.8±15.8% vs 5.4±4.8%,) and total-MDSC (33.3±18.5% vs 17.3±13.3%) frequency was higher in non- ventilated compared to moderate COVID-19 subjects. Serum IL-8 levels were higher in patients with COVID-19 than in normal healthy subjects (6.4±7.8 vs. 0.10±00 pg/mL). Ventilated patients (15.7±6.7 pg/mL), non-ventilated patients (5.7±2.7 pg/mL) and moderate patients (2.8±3.0 pg/mL) had significantly different levels of IL-8.  A negative correlation was found between the frequency of G-MDSCs and the international normalized ratio (INR) test (r=-0.39), and between the frequency of total-MDSCs and oxygen saturation (%) (r=-0.39). COVID-19 patients with severe non-ventilated disease had the highest levels of M-MDSCs. In addition to systemic MDSCs, lung, serum IL-8, and other inflammatory biomarkers should be measured.

Nationally representative, household-based, health-related surveys are an invaluable source of health information, but face implementation challenges. In sub-Saharan Africa, these challenges are exacerbated when surveys include the collection of biological specimens. In this study, we describe the potential implementation challenges identified during field practice leading up to the 2020 Zambia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (ZAMPHIA) survey, and explore the role of two crises on community mistrust of, and apprehension to, participate in the survey.

Using focus group methodology to better understand the influence of crises on ZAMPHIA participation, we conducted 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) in five districts across two provinces. FGDs were conducted with three purposively sampled study groups: recognized household heads, community leaders, and young adults aged 18-24 years. We used reflexive thematic analysis to develop themes from across the FGDs.

We identified two key themes: the ever-present threat a stranger posed to the community is enhanced by crises, and endorsement of community awareness through sensitization can mitigate outsider challenges in medical research.

We argue that these crises emphasized underlying mistrust that can only be addressed with substantial investment in community engagement efforts to build trust and partnership in medical research endeavors. Our findings underline the importance of prioritizing community engagement through substantial investment in varied and extensive approaches to sensitization to facilitate community engagement toward community acceptance of ZAMPHIA and similar studies.

Inflammatory cytokines play roles in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. To introduce new diagnostic markers in patients with celiac disease for easy, fast, low cost, and non-invasive diagnosis, we evaluated the peripheral blood expression levels of interleukin-15 (IL-15), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), interleukin23A (IL-23A), granzyme B (GzmB), T-box transcription factor 21 (TBX21), and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) of patients compared with the healthy controls, which were extracted from public databases organized in a protein-protein interaction network, in this group.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 30 patients with celiac disease and 30 healthy subjects. Total RNA was extracted, and mRNA expression levels of targeted genes were investigated by the quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to characterize the diagnostic ability of the studied genes.

The expression of IL-15, IL-17A, IL-23A, GzmB, TBX21, and TNFAIP3 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with celiac disease showed a significant increase compared with the control group. Among them, TNFAIP3, IL23A, and GzmB have better resolution and diagnostic value in differentiating patients with celiac disease from healthy controls.

Our results suggest that TNFAIP3, IL23A, and GzmB could be useful and sensible markers in differentiating patients with celiac disease from healthy controls. However, the diagnostic relevance of other genes recognized by pathway analysis needs to be further investigated.

Although today, transfusion therapy has turned from a hazardous condition to a relatively safe method with the improvement of technology, the highest risk for the patient is a complication of blood transfusions. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of transfusion-related adverse events.

This study is a retrospective review which examined data of all those who received blood transfusions at Kashani and Imam Khomeini hospitals of the south of Kerman province from 2014 to 2018 years.

Of the total 16081 blood transfusions, 148 (0.92%) cases of blood complications were observed. Most cases occurred in males aged 31-40 and over 50 years, O blood group, injection packed red blood cell (PRBC) product, and within 20-60 minutes. Most of the transfusion-related complications were related to the surgery ward and in patients without underlying disease, and most complications included fever and chills.

The results of our study showed that the highest transfusion-related complications were fever and chills. Therefore, fever and chills in the early hours of transfusion should be considered as the most common transfusion-related complications.

Alterations in hematological and renal parameters have been reported with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lamotrigine (LTG) and levetiracetam (LEV) on these parameters in children with epilepsy.

This randomized clinical trial included children with a first-time diagnosis of epilepsy referred to Bandar Abbas Children’s Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, from 2017 to 2018. Participants’ age, gender, and family history of epilepsy were recorded at the time of admission. Patients in the LTG group received 0.6 mg/kg of oral LTG in two divided doses for two weeks which continued with 1.2 mg/kg for another two weeks and then with a maintenance dose of 5-15 mg/kg daily. Patients in the LEV group received 10 mg/kg of oral LEV twice a day. When necessary, the dosage was increased to a maximum of 30 mg/kg twice a day. Treatment continued until seizures were controlled. Hematological and renal parameters were measured at baseline and 3 months after treatment. The total duration of treatment with each drug was noted as well.

Of the 66 children evaluated in this study with a mean age of 8.51±2.11 years, 31 (47%) were males. Age, gender, family history of epilepsy, treatment duration, and baseline hematological and renal parameters did not differ between the LTG (n=26) and LEV (n=40) groups. Patients in both groups were comparable regarding all the parameters after treatment. Finally, no significant change was observed after treatment compared to baseline in either group.

Overall, LTG and LEV appear to have no significant effect on the hematological and renal parameters of children with epilepsy.