جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Body Mass Index » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Primary infertility affects a significant proportion of couples and is often attributed to female factors. Obesity, which is associated with increased levels of the hormone leptin, is a known risk factor for female infertility. The present study was conducted with aim to investigate the association between BMI and leptin levels in females with primary infertility.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 women with primary infertility at Al-Nuaman Hospital and Al-Salama private hospital from September 2022 to March 2023. The participants were divided into four groups: Group 1 (normal weight, fertile), Group 2 (overweight infertile), Group 3 (obese infertile), and Group 4 (severely obese infertile) women, each consisting of 25 participants, categorized based on their BMI: normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m²), overweight BMI (25–29.9 kg/m²), obesity BMI (≥30 kg/m²), and severely obese BMI (35-40 kg/m²). The mean leptin levels were compared between the four groups using ANOVA, and the association between BMI and leptin levels was assessed using Pearson''s correlation coefficient.

There was a highly significant correlation between primary infertility and the parameters (BMI and leptin) (P

Activin A, a protein in the TGF-β superfamily, plays a crucial role in reproductive regulation by regulating FSH secretion and activating intracellular signaling pathways. Follistatin regulates FSH secretion, affecting follicle genesis and ovulation, playing a crucial role in reproductive processes, especially in ectopic pregnancy and missed abortions. Missed abortions are often caused by genetic factors like chromosomal abnormalities and maternal hormonal imbalances. Evaluated the blood levels of follistatin and activin A in women diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy and missed miscarriage. Research into how follistatin and activin A regulate physiological processes.

The study included 120 women between the ages of 18 and 45 years, divided into three groups: normal pregnancies (60 women), ectopic pregnancy (30 women), and missed miscarriage (30 women), the gynecology clinic of Baghdad Teaching Hospital for the period from Sept 2023 to Jan 2024.

Activin A and follistatin significantly higher in women with ectopic pregnancy and missed abortions than in the control groups. In addition, compared to patients in the missed abortion group, the ectopic group's incidence was significantly lower.

Serum Activin A and Follistatin levels can be used as indicators of ectopic pregnancy and missed abortion. Serum FST level at cut-off (>5.24) can be used as a novel biomarker of women with missed abortions. Activin A is involved in the regulation of ovarian follicle development and corpus luteum function in females.

We aimed to evaluate the functional state of the population of the midlands and highlands of Alai region (Kyrgyzstan) on the basis of body mass index (BMI) and adaptation potential (AP). The characteris-tic of people with overweight and underweight are presented. A clean dependence of AP on BMI was revealed.

In Alai region (Kyrgyzstan),285citizens of Gulcha village (1.540 m above sea level) and 312 citizens of Sary-Tash village (3.200 m above sea level) were examinedin July-August 2023. Blood pressure (BP) wasgenerally measured at rest in the seated position. The BMIand AP were calculated.

In the midlands and highlands BP correspond to the physiological norm. The AP scores in the mid-lands region for men was 2.32 points, for women -2.38 points, but in highlands areas these values were slightly higher: for men –2.52 points, for women –2.42points. The total BMI values for men in the midlands and highlands were23.39 and 23.24 kg/m2respectively, for women in the midlands this indicator became higherthan normal(26.53 kg/m2), but in the highlands it corresponded to the norm (24.78 kg/m2).

It is necessaryto determinethe valueof AP,BMIandtypeof self-regulation of blood circulationwhenassessingthe functionalstateof residentslivinginmountain areas.Inthe highlands overweight,whichisoneofthe significantriskfactorsfor healthdisorders,withtension ofregulatorymechanismscanbecomea triggerfor the developmentof cardiovasculardiseases.

Anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses globally. While there are long-established, separate, and bidirectional connections between nutrition, excess body weight, and anxiety, it is still unclear how these variables interact and affect anxiety state. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether there was a significant interaction between major dietary patterns (DPs) and overweight/obesity status in relation to the chance of anxiety among Iranian individuals in Yazd, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on baseline data of a large Iranian cohort study (Yazd Health Study: YaHS-TAMYZ). Dietary intakes were collected via a validated food frequency questionnaire. Major DPs were identified by principal component analysis (PCA). Then, body weight was assessed via an accurate body analyzer. Anxiety score was also evaluated using the validated scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire. Finally, the interaction between DPs and overweight/obesity in relation to the odds of anxiety was assessed using a multivariable adjusted binary logistic regression.

In total, 5781 participants were included in the present investigation. Individuals with the highest adherence to "high animal protein" DP and with overweight/obesity state had significantly lower odds of anxiety compared to those with the lowest imitation and normal body weight (P for interaction: 0.03).

Findings of the current study revealed that the “high animal protein” DP may be inversely linked to the lower chance of anxiety in participants with overweight/obesity. Yet, further long-term prospective investigations are required to confirm the results.

Metabolic syndrome is one of the emerging health issues in developing countries. It includes diabetes, high Blood Pressure (BP), obesity, and elevated blood cholesterol.

This comparative study was conducted from March 2019 to February 2020 in selected areas of Ernakulam district, Kerala. The study used a quasi‑experimental design with a nonequivalent control group. One‑way analysis of variance and paired t</em>‑tests were used for statistical analysis. Women (aged between 35 and 55 years) with metabolic syndrome were recruited by multistage sampling (N </em>= 220) and randomly assigned into three groups: (a) control, (b) Lifestyle Interventions (LI), and (c) Multi Interventional Therapy (MIT). LI was given to the LI group, and reflexology foot massage along with LI was given to the MIT group for 12 weeks. The control group received routine care. Physiological variables were assessed before and after the intervention.

Women who received MIT and LI had significantly lower values of weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and waist circumference after the treatment from baseline and compared with control (F </em>= 12.09, 15.58, 22.37, p </em>< 0.001). A remarkable change in systolic and diastolic BP was found in the MIT group (pretest mean of systolic BP and diastolic BP in control: 142.3 and 90.1, LI: 141.7 and 89.7, MIT: 141.8 and 89.8, p </em>= 0.945, posttest means control: 142.6 and 90.4, LI: 131.5 and 85.5, MIT: 118.5 and 78.3, (F </em>= 54.83, 57.87, p </em>< 0.001).

Both LI and MIT should be considered as interventions for reducing the physiological parameters of metabolic syndrome, such as body weight, BMI, and obesity. MIT was found to be more effective in reducing blood pressure.

 Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disease in women of childbearing age. The inflammation has participated in the metabolic disorders and irregular menstruation associated with this disease. This study was carried out to correlate between the disturbance of pro-inflammatory markers resistin, adiponectin and metabolic parameters in women with PCOS.

 Fasting blood samples were collected from 100 PCO married infertile women (23.30±4.659 years) attending  Bint AL-Hoda and Al-Shatra hospitals in Thi- Qar province - Iraq, in addition to 50 healthy age matched (23.84±4.804 years) control, through the period from June 2022 to December 2022.

 The BMI of PCO patients (27.22±7.20) was significantly (<0.001) more that BMI of the healthy control (22.84±4.63). PCO patients showed significantly elevation of serum levels of resistin (470.00±114.00 vs 350.00±90.60 ng/l, P<0.01 (and significant decline of adiponectin (5.13±1.22 vs 11.00±1.40 mg/l, P<0.001) in comparison with healthy control. PCO patients also showed significant elevation of the serum   glucose (P<0.01), total cholesterol (P<0.05), triglycerides (P<0.001) and LDL (P<0.001). However, serum HDL level was insignificantly declined and VLDL was insignificantly elevated in PCO group compared with healthy control group.

 Adiponectin and resistin represented part of the pathophysiology of PCO, and may serve as beneficial indicator in the diagnosis and treatment.

Inactivity and passive lifestyle have led to an increase in mortality and the incidence of chronic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of rhythmic exercises with music on IGFBP-3, insulin resistance index and quality of life in women with different body mass indices. 

In this quasi-experimental study, 33 sedentary women were randomly divided into three groups: exercise + normal )body mass index [BMI] 20 to 24.9 kg/m²) (n= 11), exercise + overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9 kg/m²) (n=11), and exercise + obese (BMI 30 to 34.9 kg/m²) (n=11). The rhythmic exercise program consisted of 8 weeks, three sessions per week and each session was performed for 45 to 60 minutes with an intensity equal to 60 to 70% HRmax. The paired t-test and one-way ANOVA with repeated measures were used to compare changes within and between groups. 

The results showed that the time interaction in the groups in terms of IGFBP-3, insulin, glucose, insulin resistance and quality of life was not statistically significant. The results of the comparison of within-group means showed that in the normal body mass index group, the overweight and obese groups, IGFBP-3 levels, quality of life have significantly increased. In the overweight and obese body mass index groups, serum insulin levels, glucose, and insulin resistance index significantly decreased. 

Rhythmic exercise increased IGFBP-3 concentration and decreased fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance index in all three groups.

Obesity is a metabolic syndrome that leads to many chronic diseases worldwide. In this study, we investigate the antihyperlipidemic activities of chitosan nanoparticles (CH NPs) on silymarin (SIL) as a carrier in the drug delivery system that can improve some biochemical parameters and hormones in the model of hyperlipidemic rats receiving a high-fat diet (HFD). 

Physicochemical characterization of silymarin-loaded chitosannanoparticles (CH-SIL NPs) was done by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and drug loading efficiency (LE). Diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats were treated with SIL (15 mg/kg/day) and CH-SIL NPs(15 mg/kg/day) for twelve weeks orally daily. The body weight loss (BW), food consumption, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) in serum, serum insulin, cortisol, testosterone, and brain neuropeptide Y (NPY), Y1 and Y5 receptor mRNA expression were analyzed. 

A significant reduction in BW and food consumption from 417 ± 16 g and 33 ± 1.03 in group HFD to 338 ± 10 g and 17.33 ± 1.02 in group CHS+HFD was observed, respectively. This data revealed that CH-SIL NPs improved hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia, reduced serum cortisol, and down-regulated NPY and Y1R with a significant increase in HDL and testosterone hormones compared to the control group. 

The developed Sil-loaded CH NPs were good agents for improving efficacy. It is the first report of the proposed weight loss mechanism of SIL CH NPs, thereby providing information about the anti-hyperlipidemic and antihyperglycemic effects of silymarin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles, a natural food with proper effects against metabolic disorders in case of hyperlipidemia that may lead to obesity and up-regulation of brain NPY.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and obesity are major pediatric public health problems. The present study aimed to examine the association between these two health parties in our pediatric populations.

This study is a single group retrospective cohort study about Body Mass Index (BMI) changes in 149 children and adolescents between 3-18 years old with a diagnosis of ADHD based on one child and adolescent psychiatrist interview according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition criteria (DSM-IV-TR). All participants were treated with methylphenidate. Besides, they were reassessed by the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Persian version (K-SADS-PL-P). Furthermore, the height, weight, and BMI of participants were calculated. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, repeated measures, and Wilks’ lambda analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.

The mean age of patients was 8.2±2.6 years, and 71.8% were boys. The obtained results showed that those treated with methylphenidate for more extended periods had higher BMI increases (p <0.001). The change in BMI was not related to the age at the start of treatment (p = 0.125), but this index was significantly different based on the years under treatment (p = 0.002). Moreover, changes in BMI were not significant based on gender (p = 0.850), the type of ADHD specifiers (p= 0.686), and concomitant drugs (p = 0.783).

This study’s findings suggest that long-term use of ADHD medications could raise the risk of obesity in children.

 Disease-discordant twins are excellent subjects for matched case-control studies as they allow for the control of confounding factors such as age, gender, genetic background, and intrauterine and early environment factors.

Study design: 

A cross-sectional study.

 Past medical history documentation and physical examination were conducted for all participants. Fasting venous blood samples were taken to measure fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid levels. The ACE model, a structural equation model, was used to assess heritability.

 This study included 710 twin pairs (210 monozygotic and 500 dizygotic) ranging in age from 2 to 52 years (mean age: 11.67±10.71 years). The study was conducted using participants from the Isfahan Twin Registry (ITR) in 2017. Results showed that in early childhood (2-6 years), height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were influenced by shared environmental factors (76%, 75%, and 73%, respectively). In late childhood (7-12 years), hip circumference, waist circumference (WC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were found to be highly heritable (90%, 76%, and 64%, respectively). In adolescents, height (94%), neck circumference (85%), LDL-cholesterol (81%), WC (70%), triglycerides (69%), weight (68%), and BMI (65%) were all found to be highly or moderately heritable. In adult twins, arm circumference (97%), weight (86%), BMI (82%), and neck circumference (81%) were highly heritable.

 This study demonstrates that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in influencing individuals at different stages of their lives. Notably, while certain traits such as obesity have a high heritability during childhood, their heritability tends to decrease as individuals transition into adulthood.

A review of previous studies showed conflicting findings regarding the relationship between athlete-related factors and knee function following ACL reconstruction. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between athlete-related factors and knee functional outcomes after ACL reconstruction.

this study is a correlational study conducted in the second half of 1400 in Sanandaj. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 43 athletes aged 19–43 years who underwent ACL reconstruction. Knee function was assessed using the Osteoarthritis and Knee Injury Outcome Questionnaire (KOOS). Athletes’ characteristics such as weight, height, body mass index, and activity levels (recreational, competitive, and elite) were recorded using a researcher-made questionnaire. The smoking habit, type of graft used, and affected foot were also identified.

Age, body mass index, weight, and gender can predict various ACL reconstruction outcomes (P <0.05). Age can predict 29% of changes in symptoms and knee stiffness and 18% of changes in quality of life. Body mass index can predict 29% of changes in knee pain, 19% of changes in symptoms and knee stiffness, 17% of changes in activities of daily life, 19% of changes in sports activity, and 13% of changes in athletes’ quality of life (P<0.05). Weight can only predict 12% of changes in athletes’ sports activities (P <0.05). Gender was able to predict 15% of changes in daily life performance, 13% of sports activity, and 12% of changes in athletes’ quality of life (P<0.05).

According to the findings of the present study, there may be a relationship between age, weight, body mass index, and sex and knee outcomes following ACL reconstruction. Due to the limitations of this study, it is better to examine this issue longitudinally in future studies

Triglyceride-glucose index is a product of triglycerides and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and is a new index of insulin resistance found to correlate with direct measurements. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between gallstones and triglyceride-glucose index (TGI).

A total of 210 patients were included in this retrospective study. Overall, 105 patients with gallstones were included in the patient group. Patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic diseases, malignant diseases, and patients using cholesterol-lowering drugs were excluded from the study. Healthy individuals (105 cases) were selected for the control group. TGI was calculated separately for each individual using the following formula: (TGI) = ln (fasting TG (mg/dL) x fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2)

Plasma triglyceride levels were significantly higher in patients with gallstones compared to the control group (P=0.001). Plasma HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol did not differ between the groups (P>0.05). Fasting blood glucose was significantly higher in patients with gallstones compared to the control group (P=0.001). The triglyceride glucose index was significantly higher in patients with gallstones compared to the control group (P<0.001). When the relationship between body mass index and TGI was analyzed, TGI was lower in patients with normal BMI compared to overweight or obese patients (P<0.001).

Increased triglyceride/glucose index in patients with gallstones is an indicator of insulin resistance. It is instrumental in demonstrating the presence of insulin resistance in patients with gallstones and may be a useful guide in earlier detection, prevention, and treatment of insulin resistance.

Introduction: 

Cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AF) is routinely implemented in daily practice; however, it can be associated with the development of recurrent AF. In this study we aimed to evaluate the predictors of AF recurrence after electrical cardioversion, and to compare the outcomes of patients with or without AF recurrence during follow-up.

Methods:

 Patients with persistent AF were enrolled from March 2015 to September 2018. Patients with recurrent AF within 6 months after the index cardioversion were considered as AF recurrence (AFR) group, and those with normal sinus rhythm were defined as normal sinus rhythm (NSR) group. Thereafter, all patients were followed up for the incidence of adverse events, including death, requiring dialysis, coronary artery intervention/surgeries, cerebrovascular events, heart failure, and recurrent AF beyond 6 months.

Results: 

Of 129 patients, 11 patients had failed cardioversion and 7 patients lost to follow-up. So, 34 and 77 patients were categorized as the NSR and the AFR groups. During a median follow-up time of 54 (46-75) months, there was a trend for a higher incidence of major adverse events in the AFR group compared to the NSR group (P=0.063). Lower body mass index (odds ratio [OR] 0.885, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.794-0.986, P=0.027) and coarse AF before the index cardioversion (OR 3.846, 95% CI 1.189-12.443, P=0.025) were the independent predictors of recurrent AF.

Conclusion: 

In patients with persistent AF undergoing cardioversion, the presence of coarse AF and the lower values of body mass index were found to be associated with the AF recurrence.