جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "COVID-19" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly threatens immunocompromised patients. We aimed to investigate the clinical and paraclinical findings and consequences of COVID-19 in kidney transplantation recipients.

In this retrospective study, kidney transplant recipients admitted to Ayatollah Rouhani, Shahid Beheshti, and Shahid Yahyanejad referral hospitals of Babol, North of Iran, with a diagnosis of COVID-19, were examined. Information such as demographic and laboratory findings, clinical symptoms, and treatments received was entered into pre-prepared questionnaires.

Out of the 35 patients included in the study, 19 (54.3%) were males, and 16 (45.7%) were females. The mean age of patients was 47.46±11.28. Among the clinical symptoms, cough and decreased level of consciousness were associated with a higher mortality rate (P= 0.02). Furthermore, the mortality rate was found to be 17.1%. C-reactive protein (CRP) level, oxygen saturation percentage, and diffuse lung involvement were significantly associated with COVID-19 mortality (p <0.05). In this study, no correlation was found between the amount of Cr and the outcome of COVID-19 disease (P = 0.66), and also, no significant relationship was found between the amount of BUN and the outcome of COVID-19 (P = 0.46). Even the patient who was admitted with a Cr of 6.4 did not die and was discharged with a Cr of 3.4.

Due to the higher mortality rate in transplant patients with COVID-19, the need for more clinically severe treatment and intensification of care in this group of patients is essential.

COVID-19 developed a sudden onset of smelling disorders. Researchers used self-reported or special tests to study this issue. We aimed to investigate whether quantitative-test smell disorders have a considerable difference from self-reported or not.

We searched 554 studies published between December 2019 to September 2020 by the PICO model. Our search strategies were based on MeSH terms in the electronic databases Web of Science (136 articles), Scopus (84 articles), and PubMed (334 articles). The duplicated articles were excluded, then the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidance were utilized. Finally, we divided the studies into two (self-report (33 articles) and specific-test (9 articles)) groups.

33 (80%) articles expressed olfactory dysfunction by self-report of patients and 9(20%) studies were conducted by a specific test. Only three studies, one in self-report; ((internal reliability, Cronbach α = 0.84) and validity (r = –0.60, p < 0.001)) and two in specific-test groups; ((test-retest r=0.94) and another study (test-retest r >0.7)) conducted validity and reliability. Self-reported studies published a various range of prevalence (20% _97%) in patients with COVID-19. COVID-19 patients with a specific-test group were found to have a primary incidence of anosmia of over 65%, even reaching 98% depending on the types of tests.

Self-reporting of COVID-19 detection can be affected by sociodemographic factors. Although self-reported questionnaires are economical and easy to use, standardized tests provide more reliable comparisons and professional assessments. Therefore, standardized tests are recommended for more accurate screening over self-reporting.

Context: 

COVID-19 epidemic is a significant global concern. One of the most important aspects of health is sexual and reproductive health. COVID-19 would threaten sexual and reproductive health by risking the ability of service systems for providing relative health needs. A wide range of services and aspects of sexual and reproductive health has been affected by the global epidemic of COVID-19. The present study was conducted to determine the relation between COVID-19 epidemic and sexual and reproductive health of men and women to evaluate all the aspects of sexual and reproductive health and provide the best approach.

Evidence Acquisition: 

To conduct the present narrative review study, databases including PubMed, Scopus, SID, MagIran, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, and Science Direct and also the scientific search engine of Google Scholar were searched using the keywords of COVID-19, reproductive health, sexual health, and fertility from November 2022 to January 2023. The articles were published from 2019 to 2022. The search for articles was conducted by two researchers, and the articles were extracted. No limitation was considered for the entry of the articles in the study based on their design. The inclusion criterion was the evaluation of the effect of COVID-19 on different sexual and reproductive aspects of men and women, and the exclusion criterion was the lack of access to the article’s full text.

Evaluation of 42 articles showed that COVID-19 had a significant effect on reproductive (family planning services, prenatal and post-partum care, safe abortion, unwanted pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, domestic violence, intention for pregnancy and having children, and maternal and fetal complications) and sexual (sexual and reproductive glands, sexual function, and sexual quality of life) health.

COVID-19 could affect different aspects of reproductive and sexual health in men and women. Therefore, it is recommended that, considering the occurred changes, effective policies and Plans would be implemented to provide quality services.

Research is ongoing to better understand the immune response and the role of cytokines in COVID-19's pathogenicity and clinical heterogeneity.

This study aimed to assess the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-4 in the blood of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan, compared to healthy individuals residing in the same state.

This case-control study was conducted on 90 adult patients with COVID-19 infection at Kassala Teaching Hospital (KTH), confirmed by RT-PCR, and compared to 90 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as controls. Serum samples were collected and analyzed for cytokine levels using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

The levels of TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-10 in patients were significantly higher (P = 0.021, 0.000, and 0.015, respectively) than those in the control group. Conversely, the IL-4 levels were significantly lower (P = 0.000) in patients than in controls. A comparison between mild, moderate, and severe groups showed that the levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were higher in the severe group than in the mild and moderate groups, whereas the levels of IL-4 decreased with increasing disease severity without reaching significant differences. Tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-17, and IL-4 could predict the disease severity of 2019-nCoV infections according to the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating curve (ROC).

Our findings suggest that TNF-α, IL-17, IL-10, and IL-4 can serve as indicators and reliable predictors of severe illness in Sudanese patients with COVID-19.

Several lines of evidence suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts liver function; however, the evaluation of these changes over time according to the disease timeline remains unclear.

The objective of this study was to identify potential alterations in liver function parameters during the first to fifth waves of COVID-19 and compare these alterations with the demographic and clinical outcomes of patients across the waves.

This cross-sectional study included 1501 hospitalized patients with a confirmed RT-PCR diagnosis of COVID-19, referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran, between November 20, 2019, and November 20, 2021. Liver function parameters, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and albumin, were assessed using standard clinical laboratory methods. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate differences in liver function parameters across the five pandemic waves, with significance set at P < 0.05.

The median age of the hospitalized patients (N = 1501) was 61 ± 21.8 years, with the majority being male (816, 54.3%). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant increase in the median levels of ALP, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin in the first wave; the AST and ALT in the third wave; and serum albumin in the second wave (P < 0.001). The median serum levels of total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were significantly higher in older patients compared to younger patients (P < 0.001), and the median ALT and serum albumin were significantly lower in older patients (P < 0.0001). In males, the median values of AST, ALT, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin were significantly higher than in females (P < 0.0001). The median values of all parameters, except serum albumin, in deceased patients were significantly higher compared to discharged patients, and serum albumin was significantly lower.

In this descriptive study, we observed that older and male patients were more frequently hospitalized than females. Our findings showed variations in liver parameters across different pandemic waves, suggesting distinct behaviors of various SARS-CoV-2 strains.

COVID-19 is a respiratory illness for which no specific medication or treatment has yet been identified. This study was conducted to explore people’s experiences of using home remedies to treat COVID-19 symptoms during the pandemic. This qualitative study, which adopted a content analysis approach, was conducted on 29 people in Khorramabad (Iran) from January to December 2021. The participants were selected using the purposive sampling method and interviewed in depth. The interviews continued until data saturation. After transcribing the interviews, they were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman method. After analyzing the collected data, 459 initial codes were extracted and classified into two categories: “experience of COVID-19” and “resorting to home and traditional remedies”. Each category had four subcategories. People use home remedies for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Participants engaged in home remedies for various reasons, including beliefs in their efficacy, dissatisfaction with medical treatments, and prior personal and familial experiences with home remedies. Some treatments mentioned by participants in this study may not be referenced in other literature and require further investigation.

Clinical studies have shown that variations in the ACE2 gene can influence susceptibility to and the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Although the evidence is not conclusive, recent studies have suggested a potential link between the ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphism and COVID-19.

This multicentric clinical study, conducted in Lorestan and Golestan provinces, aimed to examine the association between the ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphism and COVID-19 in Iranians of various ethnicities, including Fars, Lur, Turkmen, and Balooch.

A total of 372 participants were evaluated, with 201 testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 171 negative. The PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique, using the AluI enzyme, was employed to identify the polymorphism. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed using IBM SPSS. Hazards were assessed through odds ratio analysis, while Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and genotype variations were evaluated using SNPSTATS.

PCR-RFLP analysis indicated that the AA genotype may increase susceptibility to COVID-19. Among female COVID-19-positive patients, 56%, 29%, and 15% exhibited GG, GA, and AA genotypes, respectively, compared to 61%, 35%, and 4% in the control group. In male individuals, the frequencies of G and A genotypes were 89% and 11% in the healthy group, while they were 25% and 75%, respectively, in the patient group. Polymorphism frequencies were not in HWE in both the positive and negative groups (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the AA genotype differed in co-dominant and recessive inheritance models, with odds ratios (OR) of OR = 4.06 (1.10 - 15.00) and OR = 4.21 (1.16 - 15.24). The ACE2 rs2285666 AA or A genotype was strongly associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 in this study.

A significant difference in the distribution of the AA and A genotypes was observed in COVID-19 patients. Further studies involving larger and more diverse populations are necessary to explore the impact of this polymorphism on the susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19.

The COVID-19 epidemic has engendered unparalleled problems globally. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has significant promise for addressing critical elements of pandemic management and response. This analysis examines the significant potential of AI technology in tackling the worldwide difficulties presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper first examines the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on public health, the economy, and society. Subsequently, we concentrate on pioneering uses of powerful AI technologies in critical domains such prediction, diagnosis, control, and medication development for the treatment of Covid-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic event with a global impact, predicted to increase depression, anxiety, substance use, sadness, and loneliness. This study was conducted to evaluate the scale of depression, anxiety, and stress among patients infected with the COVID-19 virus.

This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2019 and April 2022. According to the conditions of the study space, available sampling was selected. In addition to demographic characteristics, a questionnaire related to stress, anxiety, and depression (DASS-21) was used to collect data. Then, the collected data were entered into SPSS software for analysis, and Pearson's correlation was used to check the relationship between the variables, with the significance level (P-value) reported.|

Out of a total of 714 participants, 26.1% had higher scores in depression, 37.5% in anxiety, and 15.7% in stress. In this way, two-thirds of the studied population on the depression and anxiety scale and almost half of the studied population on the stress scale experienced degrees of these disorders from mild to very severe during the period of COVID-19 infection. The scores of each subcategory of depression, anxiety, and stress are significantly correlated with each other, which shows that people who have a higher score in one subcategory also have a higher score in two subcategories.

It seems that COVID-19 has an obvious effect on the mental health of people. Thus, more policies and attention are needed in this field to manage the disease.

The notable increase in cases of rhino-orbito-cerebral Mucormycosis during the COVID pandemic is alarming. Both share a common route of entry, the nasal mucosa, leading to speculation about whether similar receptors play a role in both diseases. We aim to compare the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the nasal and paranasal sinus tissues among patients with COVID-19-associated Mucormycosis (CAM), COVID-19-negative mucormycosis (CNM), and healthy individuals.  This prospective study included patients with CAM, CNM, and healthy individuals who underwent surgical management. Immunohistochemistry was performed in the sino-nasal tissue to detect the presence of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors. The level was compared among the three groups.  The study encompassed 44 patients with CAN, 20 with CNM, and ten healthy individuals. ACE2 positivity was seen only in the apical cilia, with no significant difference among the groups (p=0.6). In contrast, TMPRSS2 positivity was seen in the cytoplasm and nucleus of epithelium and submucosal glands in addition to apical cilia. TMPRSS2 was increasingly expressed in patients with CAM compared to CNM (p=0.009) and the healthy group (p=0.002).  The expression of TMPRSS2 receptors is elevated in patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis with no significant change in the expression of ACE2 receptors. This finding could account for the heightened susceptibility to infection by SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent immune dysregulation, providing a fertile ground for Mucorales co-infection.

This study evaluated the necessity of a ventilation scan in patients suspected of PE with a history of COVID-19 infection.

This was a cross-sectional study of patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 and suspected PE at a tertiary care hospital in 2020. They underwent ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy using single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and CT scans with or without contrast. Two blinded nuclear medicine physicians interpreted the images for PE and COVID-19. Clinical and laboratory data were extracted and analyzed.

 96 patients with suspected PE and COVID-19 infection. The study excluded eight patients who could not undergo ventilation scans and confirmed PE in five patients with multiple mismatched V/Q defects on SPECT/CT. The study ruled out PE in 83 patients who had either regular perfusion scans, perfusion defects with COVID-19 features, or matched V/Q defects. The study found that the prevalence of PE was 5.68%, and the necessity of ventilation scans was 28.40% in this population.

It was found that PE was present in 5.68% of the patients, and ventilation scans were needed for 28.40% of the patients to confirm or exclude it.

Coronavirus disease 2019 is an emerging respiratory infectious disease caused by a strain of the coronavirus family. Vaccination is one of the main ways to control this disease. This study was conducted to investigate the severity of pulmonary involvement and some clinical outcomes in vaccinated and unvaccinated COVID-19 patients.

This retrospective study was conducted between December 2021 and May 2022 with 200 patients in two groups. Sampling was done as available, and patients with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital were examined. Mann-Whitney u and Chi-square test were used for analysis.

The average age of the studied patients was 59.2 (±17) years, the most common pattern of lung involvement in this study was the GGO pattern. According to the report in the documents, 45 people in the vaccinated group and nine people in the unvaccinated group did not have any lung involvement in CT and the observed difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001).In terms of oxygen saturation percentage, the lowest level (75%) was observed in the unvaccinated group, also the difference in average hospitalization days between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.001).  

The results of this study showed that the COVID-19 vaccine can effectively reduce the extent and severity of lung involvement and the need for supplemental oxygen in vaccinated patients. To reduce complications from COVID-19, healthcare workers should continue to promote vaccination at recommended doses for all eligible individuals, as it is effective in controlling serious clinical outcomes.

Infection with COVID-19 during pregnancy increased some of the complications such as preterm labor, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, maternal mortality, and adverse neonatal outcomes. The aim of the present study was evaluation of symptoms, critical illness, and mortality among pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Mashhad, North East Iran.

This descriptive retrospective study included pregnant women with COVID-19 diagnoses referred to one of the teaching hospitals in Mashhad between February 20, 2020, and September 21, 2022, using census method. . The patients were stratified into symptomatic mild, moderate, and severe cases, according to the National Institute of Health (NIH), USA. Data analysis was done using SPSS 26 by Student's t-test, logistic regression, and chi-square test.

Out of 460 pregnant women, sixteen symptoms were reported by the patients with dyspnea being the most frequent. Cough, fever (P= 0.00), abdominal pain (P= 0.04), and chills (P= 0.03) were significantly more frequently observed among the ICU-admitted patients. The least common symptom was flank pain. Women with severe diseases who died were at significantly higher risk for fever, cough, and dyspnea. 116 (25.2%) cases had severe disease and were admitted to the ICU and 5.7% expired. Hospitalization in the ICU was the most important predictor of death. (B=-22.286, P=0.00).

The study indicates that pregnant women who experience symptoms such as fever, dyspnea, cough, chills, or abdominal pain are more susceptible to severe COVID-19.

The Covid-19 pandemic affected all aspects of people’s personal lives and gave rise to the increase major issues such as physical, psychological, and social problems. The literature has reported a relationship between covic-19 anxiety and quality of sexual life. Therefore, the present research was designed to investigate the relationship between Covid-19 anxiety and the quality of sexual life among women of reproductive age during the lockdown.

This is a cross-sectional study. It was designed and conducted on 750 women of reproductive age during the Covid-19 pandemic. Using cluster sampling at comprehensive health centers in Urmia, Iran in 2020. The data collection tools comprised three questionnaires: a demographic questionnaire, a Sexual Quality of Life-Female questionnaire (SQOL-F) and a Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), which was completed on a self-report basis. The nonparametric statistical test, ANOVA test, t-students and Pearson correlation test were used.

The results revealed a reveres and significant correlation between Covid-19 anxiety and SQOL-F. Furthermore, several demographic characteristics including age, duration of the marriage, having children and education level had a significant relationship with Covid-19 anxiety and the SQOL-F.

Taking into account the Covid-19 anxiety and its effect on the quality of sexual life, professional specialists in the field of preventive medicine and health should pay more attention to these dimensions of life and take crucial and effective measures to improve the sexual life quality and reduce the Covid-19 anxiety.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has shown various subtypes with unique characteristics, but the recurrence of COVID-19 in children and the use of antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections have not been thoroughly investigated.

This study aimed to analyze the frequency of COVID-19 infections in children and the prescription of antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections in pediatric outpatient cases.

This cross-sectional study was conducted at three outpatient centers from February 2020 to August 2022. It included children under 15 years old with complete medical records related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study assessed clinical symptoms, hospitalization needs, antibiotic prescriptions, and the number of COVID-19 episodes.

Out of 2,448 children diagnosed with COVID-19, 65% were male. A total of 192 children (7.84%) had two episodes, 35 (1.43%) had three episodes, 7 (0.29%) had four episodes, and 2 (0.14%) had five episodes. 143 children (5.84%) required hospitalization. Antibiotics were prescribed in 17.73% of cases (n = 434), primarily for acute bacterial sinusitis (12.21%) and middle ear infections (8.52%). Common antibiotics included Azithromycin, Amoxicillin, Cefuroxime, and Co-trimoxazole.

Different subtypes of SARS-CoV-2 display distinct clinical behaviors in the pediatric population. Children can contract COVID-19 multiple times; however, antibiotic use in outpatient settings is relatively low and mainly associated with specific conditions, such as acute sinusitis and middle ear infections.

In 2020, COVID-19 was a major cause of absenteeism.

To investigate the factors affecting the time taken to return to work after COVID-19 hospitalization.

This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 320 working individuals (295 men and 25 women) hospitalized in Yazd province, Iran, due to COVID-19 between September 2020 and March 2021. All patients who met the inclusion criteria and provided consent were enrolled in the study via census. The inclusion criteria were: A definite or probable diagnosis of COVID-19 and hospitalization for no reason other than COVID-19. The required information was collected through phone interviews using a researcher-developed questionnaire that included demographic, occupational, recent COVID-19 infection, and return-to-work information. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

The average duration of absenteeism was 31.67 ± 33.47 days. Univariate regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between absenteeism lasting more than 21 days and several factors: Age (P = 0.005), gender (P = 0.044), marital status (P = 0.005), number of dependents (P < 0.001), diabetes (P = 0.004), BMI (P = 0.031), job experience (P < 0.001), type of employment (P = 0.008), workplace respiratory exposures (P = 0.042), lower respiratory symptoms (P = 0.024), duration of hospitalization and medication use (P < 0.001), pulmonary complications (P < 0.001), and mental complications (P = 0.004). After adjusting for confounding factors, only three factors were significantly associated with a delay in return to work of more than 21 days: Duration of medication use (P < 0.001), presence of pulmonary complications (P = 0.014), and presence of psychological complications (P = 0.040).

The severity of the disease, as indicated by the duration of medication use for COVID-19 after discharge, and the presence of pulmonary and psychological complications, directly influenced the return to work after COVID-19.

At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a misunderstanding emerged, suggesting that the consumption of opioid combinations might have a protective effect against COVID-19.

To identify prognostic factors associated with in-hospital mortality among confirmed COVID-19 patients with a history of opioid combination consumption in southern Iran.

This retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted between September 2020 and March 2021, included patients over 14 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 who were admitted to Shahid Faghihi Hospital in southern Iran (affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences). Patients with incomplete or unreadable medical records were excluded. Data were extracted from medical files and recorded in a structured data collection form comprising three main sections: (1) Demographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, comorbidities, smoking status), (2) clinical and paraclinical findings, and (3) patient outcomes. Statistical analysis was subsequently performed.

Of 1,048 patients with confirmed COVID-19, 98 (8.55%) reported a history of opioid combination consumption. The mean ± SD age was 61.40 ± 14.50 years, and 81 (82.7%) were male. Thirty patients (30.6%) died in the hospital (P < 0.001). A comparison of survivors and non-survivors revealed that the mean age was significantly higher in non-survivors (P = 0.004). Non-survivors were more frequently admitted to the ICU (P = 0.001), and their mean length of ICU stay was significantly longer (P = 0.03). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR = 0.92, P = 0.02) as the only independent predictor of mortality among opioid combination users with confirmed COVID-19.

Among confirmed COVID-19 patients with a history of opioid combination consumption, the CRP level was the sole independent predictor of in-hospital mortality.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the deadliest pandemics in recent history. Despite the introduction of preventive measures such as physical distancing, wearing masks, remote work, isolation, and quarantine to slow the spread, these behavioral measures have had undesirable consequences, including negative psychological effects, deep depression, and other mental health issues. The development of a safe and effective vaccine emerged as the most promising strategy for combating COVID-19. Today, vaccination remains one of the most effective tools to fight against COVID-19.

The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and laboratory differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients hospitalized for pneumonia caused by COVID-19.

The study included patients admitted to the clinic with COVID-19 between January 2021 and October 2021. Demographics, clinical features, and treatment outcomes were recorded. Additionally, the vaccination status of patients against COVID-19 was documented. The cases were divided into two groups: Those who had received the COVID-19 vaccine and those who had not. Complete vaccination was defined as receiving two doses (0.5 mL) intramuscularly with the last dose administered at least 14 days prior or receiving two doses (0.3 mL) intramuscularly with the last dose administered at least 21 days prior, and no more than 6 months after the last dose. The vaccines included in the study were Pfizer, QazVac, Sinopharm/Beijing, Sinovac, and Sputnik V.

In total, 510 cases were included in the study, divided into two groups based on vaccination status: 367 unvaccinated cases and 143 vaccinated cases. The unvaccinated group had a longer duration of hospitalization than the vaccinated group (9 days vs. 7 days, respectively) (P < 0.001). Although no differences were found between the two groups regarding the nature of the radiological lesions, the number of affected areas was significantly greater in the unvaccinated group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of complications between the two groups (97.9% in the vaccinated group, n = 140/143; 99.2% in the unvaccinated group, n = 364/367). In terms of mortality, 9.8% (14/143) of the vaccinated group died, compared to 21.3% (78/367) in the unvaccinated group, with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.002).When assessing the SPO 2 index at admission, statistically significant differences were observed (P < 0.001). Biochemical parameters such as urea, albumin, glucose, and creatinine were significantly higher in unvaccinated patients (urea: 4.2 ± 19.3; creatinine: 9.8 ± 18.5). Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PRK) were significantly higher in the vaccinated cases. Interleukin-6 (P < 0.001), troponin (P < 0.001), ferritin (P = 0.002), and D-dimer (P < 0.001) were significantly elevated in the unvaccinated group.

Vaccinated patients infected with COVID-19 had shorter hospital stays and less severe radiological lesions. The levels of severe COVID-19 predictors such as CRP, IL-6, D-dimer, and ferritin were statistically significant in the unvaccinated group. The mortality rate was higher in the unvaccinated group compared to the vaccinated group. Vaccination appears to be highly effective in mitigating the effects of COVID-19 in patients with chronic comorbidities and significantly reduces mortality in these patients.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused global uncertainty. Recent studies indicate an increased risk of spontaneous abortion, spontaneous preterm labor, and severe maternal and neonatal complications caused by COVID-19.

The aim of our study is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and neonatal perinatal outcomes.

This is a non-interventional, analytical clinical study. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 410 histories of pregnant women admitted to hospitals from 2020 to 2022 in the City Infectious Disease Centre and the City Infectious Disease Hospital of Shymkent.

In the main group, there were 48 (21.0%) babies, while in the control group, there were 18 (10.5%) babies. A weight above 2500 g was recorded in 79% (182) of newborns in the main group. When comparing the weight of newborns between the groups, we did not find statistically significant differences (P = 0.051). Births of babies weighing more than 2500 g were 2.26 times more common in the control group than in the main group (95% CI: 0.984 - 5.228). A birth height of less than 48 cm was recorded in 1.7% (3) cases in the control group and 13.8% (32) of newborns in the main group (P = 0.002). A birth height greater than 48 cm was recorded in 86.2% (198) of neonates in the main group and 98.3% (84) in the control group.

A large systematic review (28 studies involving 790,954 pregnant women, among whom 15,524 were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection) aimed to investigate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and the risk of pre-eclampsia. It should also be noted that SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy increases the likelihood of developing severe pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. In our study, preeclampsia (54 - 13.1%) and HELLP syndrome (4 - 1.1%) were more frequent in the main group than in the comparison group. It should also be noted that frequent complications of COVID-19 in pregnant women included preterm labor (80 - 19.4%) and antenatal fetal death (8 - 2.0%).Analysis of perinatal outcomes revealed that women with COVID-19 infection are significantly more likely to give birth to infants with low growth, prematurity, and lower Apgar scores, and these infants are more likely to stay in the neonatal pathology department compared to those born to women without COVID-19 infection.