جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Disinfectants » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

It is essential to adopt preventive measures to reduce the prevalence and severity of COVID-19. Given the insufficient information about the use of disinfectants against the virus, which leads to various risks, this study aims to investigate awareness, performance, and attitudes of the residents of Yazd city regarding using disinfectants to prevent COVID-19.

In this descriptive study, the sample consisted of 271 people residing in Yazd using convenience sampling method. The tool used was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was reliable, valid, and was divided into two parts; after that the collected data was analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests. SPSS software was used for data processing, and Amos software was used for model design.

Most participants (51.3%) were female. The majority of participants (117 (43.2%)) aged between 30-40, and with an average age of 34.39 ± 9.6. The highest level of education attained by most participants was master's degree by 83 (30.6%) people. The mean and standard deviation for awareness (10.59 ± 2.7), attitude (40.74 ± 7.1), and performance (17.50 ± 5.1) were obtained.  Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis showed that the total effect had the greatest impact on the use of disinfectants, with performance (β = 0.032) and education (β = 0.068) having the strongest effects. Increase in disinfection and having a higher level of education increased the use of disinfectants as well.

As increasing people's awareness, attitude, and performance can help prevent the spread of COVID-19, implementing educational programs and timely comprehensive information dissemination about the use of disinfectants is recommended.

 Hospital-acquired infections are considered a major health concern worldwide because of the increasing morbidity and mortality rate. Hence, selecting the most efficient disinfectants in a clinic is crucial. This study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of seven mostly used disinfectants against clinically isolated Escherichia coli.

 For this purpose, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of Aniosyme DD1 0.5%, Steranios 2%, Aniospray 29 and Surfanios 0.5% at Hazrat Valiasr hospital and PROSEPT® Floor 0.75%, PROSEPT® Instru 0.05% and PROSEPT® Med used at Ayatollah Mousavi hospital were determined both in the presence and absence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) using microbroth dilution assay.

The results indicate that PROSEPT® Med had the lowest MIC and MBC values, followed by Aniospray 29 and PROSEPT® Instro, and the presence of BSA reduced antibacterial activities of disinfectants.

 The disinfectants applied at Ayatollah Mousavi hospital generally had higher antibacterial activities. Due to the importance of nosocomial pathogens at healthcare centers, selecting the most potent, fast-acting, and efficient disinfectants to prevent hospital-acquired infections is essential.

Klebsiella pneumoniae causes challenging nosocomial fatal infections including neonatal sepsis. Our study aims at clarifying the contribution of integrons in the observed reduced susceptibility of multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae isolated from septicemic neonates to the clinically used antimicrobial agents and biocides.

Eighty-six K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from Mansoura University Children’s Hospital from septicemic neonates. Isolates were subjected to antibiotic and biocide susceptibility using disk diffusion and the agar dilution method, respectively. The distribution of different classes of integrons was screened in the isolates by PCR. Detected inegron I was sequenced in selected isolates.

Fifty-seven isolates (66.27%) were MDR. In the MDR isolates, class I integron was detected in 23 (40.3%), integron III was detected in 20 (35%), whereas integron II could not be detected. Sequencing results of integron I from MDR K. pneumoniae isolates revealed that only aminoglycoside and folate synthesis inhibitors gene cassettes were detected, while the rest of the resistance genes were not associated with integron I.

The presence of integron I in MDR K. pneumoniae tested isolates may contribute only to some biocide resistance, however, it does not seem to be the only contributor in multiple drug resistance.

The emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 has increased environmental disinfectant usage to reduce the transmission of this virus. Ethanol 70-90% and 5% sodium hypochlorite have the highest consumption for disinfection of various environmental surfaces during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) are more susceptible to microbial contamination due to their particular structure. This study aimed to investigate the effect of increasing the use of disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic on the bacterial contamination of DUWLs.

During November (before the COVID-19 pandemic) and December (during the COVID-19 pandemic), a questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of disinfection of unit surfaces and other environmental surfaces and the type of disinfectants used. The water samples were collected from different parts of DUWLs. The gram staining method followed by the biochemical method was used to identify the desired bacteria.

The results showed that the frequency of disinfection of dental units increased 8 times in December compared to November. There is a significant inverse relationship between the frequency of disinfection of dental units surfaces and the bacterial contamination of dental unit waterlines.

The microbial load in different parts of the DUWLs was less than 200 CFU/mL. The American Dental Association (ADA) recommended and indicated the allowable microbial concentration and the appropriate quality and water used in these units.

The use of antiseptics and disinfectants in daily health protocols has a consequence of changing the quality of wastewater to be toxic to microbes. As a result, microbiological wastewater treatment has the potential to not be processed properly. To solve the problem of disinfectant-rich wastewater, a plant-based treatment method can be useful, the implementation of which is a land treatment system for wastewater.

The data collection method was carried out through the Mendeley Reference Manager, searching for articles online, and placing the terms “land treatment system”, and “disinfectant-rich wastewater”. The selected articles were up-to-date and had a significant relationship between the two terms.

This sanitation system can be a stretch of land and/or a pond of water, on which plants can grow and process. Normal concentrations of disinfectants for microbial elimination had no negative effects on the growth of various types of plants. Plants continue to live in the stress of water rich in disinfectants, as a condition of their ability to treat wastewater. The involvement of various wastewater treatment media makes evapotranspiration dry bed and evapotranspiration wet bed or wetland ponds capable of processing various pollutants. This approach can be implemented for on-site and off-site sanitation system.

In this context, under conditions of enrichment of disinfectants in wastewater during the COVID-19 era, the land treatment system becomes feasible to solve the problem of changing the quality of wastewater.

Food contamination with Listeria spp. can occur at all stages of the food chain. The aim of this research was to investigate the prevalence, molecular identification, antimicrobial resistance, and disinfectant susceptibility of Listeria innocua isolated from Ready-To-Eat (RTE) foods sold in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Eighty RTE foods were collected from Johannesburg, South Africa. The 16S rRNA region of L. innocua isolates was amplified, sequenced, and identified using Basic Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). The antimicrobial resistance and disinfectant susceptibility (against four commercial disinfectants) of the isolates were evaluated using disk diffusion and microdilution assays. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS v. 23.0.

Listeria strains revealed a high 16S rRNA gene sequence analogy to L. innocua of between 98-99%. The overall prevalence of L. innocua was 21.3% (17 out of 80) in the RTE food samples. Most isolates were susceptible to the studied commercial disinfectants. All the L. innocua isolates from food sources were found to be resistant to ampicillin and cephalothin, while 83 and 74% of isolates were resistant to colistin sulphate and sulphatriad.

Prevalence of L. innocua was considerable in the RTE food samples sold in Johannesburg, South Africa. The L. innocua isolates showed high antibiotic resistance against ampicillin, cephalothin, colistin sulphate, and sulphatriad.

The application of disinfectant agents is a common way to fight against microorganisms. Although there are different types of disinfectant agents to fight COVID-19, many of them do not have the required quality and efficiency. The present work was aimed to evaluate the quality of the available disinfectant agents using gram-negative E. coli bacteria.

In the laboratory phase of the research, the gram-negative E. coli bacteria were used to evaluate the quality of disinfectants. According to the proposed laboratory method, microbial kit was prepared and used to evaluate the performance of disinfectants.

According to the obtained findings, 1.0 mL of the prepared microbial suspension in the test tube, as microbial kit, was used for the quality assessment of the selected disinfectants. In case of growth of microorganisms in optimum conditions, the quality of disinfectants was undesirable, and if microorganisms were not grown, the quality of disinfectants would be appropriate in terms of its effect on gram-negative bacteria.

E. coli can be used as a reliable indicator for assessing the quality of the disinfectant and antiseptic agents used against COVID-19.

Fungal aerosols cause life-threatening infections in patients hospitalized in critical wards. Antiseptics and disinfectants have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against the living tissue and inert surfaces microorganisms; hence, they have an essential role in controlling and preventing nosocomial infections. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro antifungal activity of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), and sodium hypochlorite (SH) against isolated fungal aerosols from the hospital environment.

The susceptibility tests were performed on fungal aerosols isolated from various wards of Children’s Medical Center, based on broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi approved by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 document. The isolates included Aspergillus (Aspergillus flavus (n = 14), Aspergillus niger complex (n = 12), Penicillium spp. (n = 14), and Cladosporium spp. (n = 14).

The geometric means (GM) of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the biocides across all isolates were as follows: BAC, 3.56 µg/ml, CHX, 9.45 µg/ml, and SH, 810.35 µg/ml. The highest range of MICs was found for SH (50-12800 µg/ml), while the lowest range was for BAC (1-16 µg/ml) against all fungal isolates. Generally, BAC showed the highest in vitro activity among disinfectants tested. The lowest MIC50 and MIC90 values were 4 and 8 µg/ml for BAC, followed by 16 and 32 µg/ml for CHX, and 800 and 6400 µg/ml for SH, respectively.

The findings showed that BAC was an effective disinfectant, which can prevent resistant species and fungal pathogens and be used as an alternative to other disinfectants and antiseptics.

Foodborne illness is a common public health problem. Surfaces and equipment used in food production are involved in the spread of foodborne pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effect of Vinoxide and Sanisept against Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food production lines.

In this descriptive study, 110 samples were taken from various equipment and surfaces used in food workshops and local kitchens. After identification of S. aureus by microbiological tests, the antimicrobial effect of two disinfectants (Vinoxide and Sanisept) on the isolates was assessed using the dilution-neutralization test according to the protocols of Iranian National Standards No 2842 and 9899.

Of 110 collected samples, 21 (19.1%) were contaminated with S. aureus. The results showed that 19% and 38% of S. aureus isolates were able to grow after treatment with Vinoxide and Sanisept, respectively. Although Vinoxide had better bactericidal effect than Sanisept, both disinfectants could significantly reduce the number of live S. aureus isolates (P<0.05).

Sanisept and Vinoxide have significant inhibitory effects on S. aureus isolates, but due to the unpleasant odor of Vinoxide, the use of Sanisept is recommended in food industry.

Methicillin-resistant staphylococci are important causes of nosocomial infections. Due to the presence of these bacteria in hospitals as a significant challenge in hospital infection control, the identification of effective disinfectants against methicillin-resistant staphylococci is necessary. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of common hospital disinfectants against methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

In this cross-sectional study, the effectiveness of 4 surface disinfectant cleaners (Deconex 50 AF, Microzed GP-H, Peranacid M1 and Surfocept quick) against methicillin-resistant staphylococci (10 Staphylococcus aureus, 10 Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and 55 Staphylococcus epidermidis) was evaluated using broth dilution method, disc diffusion assay, and cell viability assay.

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of Peranacid and Surfocept against the isolates were higher than those of Deconex and Microzed. The results of disk diffusion assay showed that staphylococcus strains exhibited greater inhibition zone diameter than other disinfectants at different concentrations of Deconex and Microzed. According to the results of cell viability assay, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. saprophyticus isolates did not grow at three concentrations (0.5%, 1% and 2%) of Deconex, Microzed, and Peranacid, respectively.

Deconex and Microzed had more antimicrobial properties than the 2 other agents and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus isolates had a higher resistance to both Peranacid and Surfosept

Today, disinfection of surfaces by using antimicrobial agents is critical for the prevention and control of pathogens and reduction of infection in hospital. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of two disinfectants against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the NICU of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd in 2017.
In this descriptive cross sectional study, bacterial culture of samples collected from different surfaces of the NICU and S. aureus isolates were identified using conventional biochemical tests. Peracetic acid and chlorine dioxide various concentrations were used as disinfectants. Their effects against Staphylococcus aureus were determined by Standard disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models in SPSS version 23.
39.39% of samples were found to be S. aureus infected. The mean diameter of growth inhibition zone for peracetic acid 0.1% was significantly lower than that for peracetic acid 0.2%, and peracetic acid 0.1% was significantly higher than that for chlorine dioxide (P < 0.001). The comparison of growth inhibition zone diameters for peracetic acid 0.1% and chlorine dioxide disinfectants showed that the average diameter of the inhibition zone created by peracetic acid 0.1% was significantly higher than that created by chlorine dioxide. The most effective disinfectant on S. aureus strains isolated was peracetic acid 0.2% and the least effective disinfectant was chlorine dioxide.
In health care facilities with S. aureus infection, peracetic acid 0.2% can be used effectively to reduce nosocomial infection rate.

Infection with resistant bacteria are still reported in hospitals despite the routine cleaning of hospital surfaces. Presence of drug-resistant microbes in the on environment of hospitals and on medical equipment is indicative of the need for control measures which could impact the emergence of such microbes. In addition, biofilms are increasingly associated with human infections and it necessitates careful considerations on usage of a diverse range of medical devices, such as catheters, implants and pacemakers in hospitals. This study was designed to compare the effect of silver, ZnO nanoparticles and curcumin on drug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which were already isolated from different wards of the hospital. The MIC value were determined for silver, curcumin and ZnO nanoparticles. As the second step, the expression level of the genes involved in biofilm formation in S. aureus, including icaA, icaD, fnbA and fnbB, was studied to analyze the physiological reaction to controlled concentrations of such nanoparticles using RT-qPCR assessments. In this study, a total of 172 bacterial isolates were recovered from clinical and environmental samples (96 and 76 isolates, respectively). API-20 test revealed that these isolates belonged to 8 species. All antimicrobial resistant isolates were susceptible to the metal oxide nanoparticles. The results of q-PCR in this study showed that the expression of icaA and icaD genes in the presence of silver, curcumin and zinc nanoparticles were not significantly reduced compared to the control samples. But, exposure to nanoparticles reduced the expression of fnbA and fnbB genes from 0.46 to 0.06. The results of our study showed that nanoparticles are highly effective on antibiotics- resistant isolates and these compounds can be used in the treatment of resistant bacteria. In addition, this study also demonstrates the promising potential of using nanoparticles as anti-biofilm formation agents

Variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) patterns and resistance against three commonly used hospital disinfectants [0.5% (w/w) chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) and 75% (w/w) alcohol (A), CHG-A; Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and biguanides (B), QAC-B; and 70% (w/w) isopropanol (ISP) and 0.25% (w/w) QACs, ISP-QAC], as well as frequently used antibiotics, were evaluated among 115 Staphylococcus epidermidis blood isolates recovered from a children’s hospital in Tehran, Iran.
Multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) was performed using primers targeting 5 VNTR loci on the genome of S. epidermidis isolates. Micro-broth dilution method and detection of qacA/B and smr genes were carried out for evaluating resistance against the disinfectants.
Out of the 115 isolates, 115 (100%) and 113 (98.3%) were susceptible to linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin, respectively. A total of 55.7% of the isolates were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR). All isolates had MICs of CHG-A and ISP-QAC of 8 folds lower and MIC of QAC-B 6 folds lower than that suggested by the manufacturers. The genes qacA/B and smr were found in 28 (24.3%) and 14 (12.2%) isolates, respectively. MLVA typing of the S. epidermidis isolates resulted in 106 VNTR patterns and 102 MLVA types for the 112 S. epidermidis isolates, considering that 3 were not typeable.
MLVA typing of S. epidermidis isolates show a great diversity and that the isolates are still susceptible to the concentrations of disinfectants recommended for use by the manufacturers. In addition, the relatively high percentage of the MDR S. epidermidis isolates could cause MDR infections and act as reservoirs to transfer resistance determinants to S. aureus population. Therefore, it is important that suitable infection control strategies are employed to avoid the distribution of MDR isolates between personnel and patients in this medical centre.