جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Drug Abuse » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

In a crisis, rumors often get started, and societies use them to cope with ambiguous situations. Southeastern Iran, with its high rate of homeless addicts per population, is a suitable area to examine the accuracy of the rumor about the positive effect of addictive substances on preventing COVID-19.

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the abundance of COVID-19 infection among homeless drug abusers in this area.

For each participant, the health experts completed a questionnaire including demographic characteristics,symptoms and type, frequency and methods of drug abuse. For a definite diagnosis of COVID-19, a combined oropharyngeal/nasal sampling method was used in the laboratory under standard polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data was analyzed with SPSS v. 19. The chi-square test was used to compare COVID-19 cases across substance types, abuse methods, and consumption frequencies.

In total, 295 homeless drug abusers participated, and positive COVID-19 was recorded for 21(7.1%). Most participants were waste pickers (60.5%), and 3.9% had COVID-19. The statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the number of positive COVID-19 cases between narcotics, stimulants, and both combinations. Our study also did not prove the positive effect of drug abuse methods and the frequency of daily drug abuse on the incidence of this disease.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, unreliable, incorrect, and incomplete information on its prevention spread in societies. It is recommended that health-related rumors be investigated and officials publicly announce the results.

 The aim of this study was to investigate the status of social support in people with drug abuse and its relationship with social health in patients referring to addiction treatment centers in Isfahan.

 This cross-sectional study was performed in Isfahan addiction treatment centers in 2019–2020. The study population was the total number of people with drug abuse in Isfahan addiction treatment centers that 300 people with substance abuse and 300 people as control group were included. Social support and social health questionnaires were distributed among the participants. The Keez Social Health Questionnaire, designed in the United States in 2004, is about daily life and the social environment and measures social health. Another questionnaire was the social support of Sherbon and Stewart (MOS). This scale was a self-report tool that measured the amount of social support received by the subject.

 The results showed a positive, direct, and significant relationship between the dimensions of social support and social health in the group of patients with drug abuse (P < 0.05). Comparison of social support and its dimensions in the two control and affected groups showed that the scores in the healthy group were significantly higher than the affected group (P < 0.05).

 According to the results of this study, the level of social support and social health in people with substance abuse is less than other people in society, and to improve the social health of people with substance abuse, more social support should be provided.

Substance abuse remains a challenging public health issue, especially among young people. It has been shown that poor sleep and substance abuse may have mutual intensifying effects. This study aimed to evaluate the rates of substance abuse, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption and their association with sleep disturbances among university students in 2021.  The participants were the students of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran in 2021. Data were collected through a researcher-made demographic questionnaire, the first two questions of the translated version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A total of 222 students entered the study from March to August 2021. The rates of substance abuse in the past three months and lifetime were 35.6% and 45.5%, respectively. The most common type of substance abuse was related to the ‘other substances’ category. Substance abuse was significantly higher in students living in dormitories and those with a family history of substance abuse. Poor sleep was found in 34.2% of the students, and substance abuse and alcohol consumption both in the past three months and lifetime were significantly associated with lower sleep quality. This study showed that substance abuse was significantly associated with sleep disturbances. The study results also illustrated an upward trend of substance abuse in recent years among students in Rasht, which may be related to economic issues in the country and/or the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the rising prevalence of substance abuse and its impacts on society, policymakers are highly recommended to pay special attention to its risk factors.

Coronary artery disease has recently increased from 20 to 45%. Previous studies emphasize a wide range of risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis. The role of inflammatory factors has been proven in the development of coronary artery atherosclerosis. Drugs are effective in coronary artery atherosclerosis by stimulating inflammatory factors.

This study evaluated the heart status regarding the history of drug and psychotropics use in corpses referred to Birjand Legal Medicine Center from 2011 to 2018. Materiald and

In this case-control study, corpses referred to forensic medicine with a history of substance abuse (case group) and no history of substance abuse (control group) were selected. The data included pathological and toxicological autopsy results. Data analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests and Spearman correlation coefficient.

Of 193 corpses, 126 were in the case group and 67 in the control group. The mean age was 41.82 ± 16.84. The Mann-Whitney test showed that heart weight was significantly higher in cases than in controls (P = 0.018). Mean heart dimensions in the case and control groups were 13  10  7 and 13  9  6, respectively, with a significant difference in one dimension (P = 0.014). Coronary artery stenosis results showed mean RC = 52.49, LC = 55.97, CX = 61.84, and LAD = 69.90. There was no significant positive correlation between drug abuse and atherosclerosis (r = 0.119, P = 0.09). Also, a higher prevalence of atherosclerosis was seen in males.

Drug use can be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in people with substance abuse by changing the physical characteristics of the heart. Further studies must investigate the effect of drug use on coronary artery disease development and the factors intensifying these effects.

Investigating the temporal variations and forecasting the trends in drug-related deaths can help prevent health problems and develop intervention programs. The recent policy in Iran is strongly focused on deterring drug use and replacing illicit drugs with legal ones. This study aimed to investigate drug-related deaths in Iran in 2014-2016 and forecast the death toll by 2019.

In this longitudinal study, Box-Jenkins time series analysis was used to forecast drug-related deaths. To this end, monthly counts of drug-related deaths were obtained from March 2014 to March 2017. After data processing, to obtain stationary time series and examine the stability assumption with the Dickey-Fuller test, the parameters of the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) model were determined using autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) graphs. Based on Akaike statistics, ARIMA (0, 1, 1) was selected as the best-fit model. Moreover, the Dickey-Fuller test was used to confirm the stationarity of the time series of transformed observations. The forecasts were made for the next 36 months using the ARIMA (0,1,2) model and the same confidence intervals were applied to all months. The final extracted data were analyzed using R software, Minitab, and SPSS-23.

According to the Iranian Ministry of Health and the Legal Medicine Organization, there were 8883 drug-related deaths in Iran from March 2014 to March 2017. According to the time series findings, this count had an upward trend and did not show any seasonal pattern. It was forecasted that the mean drug-related mortality rate in Iran would be 245.8 cases per month until 2019.

This study showed a rising trend in drug-related mortality rates during the study period, and the modeling process for forecasting suggested this trend would continue until 2019 if proper interventions were not instituted

 High-risk behaviors are among the most frequent behaviors in adolescents compared with other age ranges.

 The epidemiology and etiology of high-risk behaviors among high school girls and boys in Qom was the aim of this study.

 This survey research was carried out using Rashid Questionnaire (2015). The questionnaire was given to 1000 middle and high school students in 8 schools (4 boys’ and 4 girls' schools) in the south and north (two from each area) of Qom in 2015.

 Feeling deeply sad and hopeless 43.7%, experience of Hookah smoking 43.2%, feeling hurt outdoors 26.5%, the experience of cigarette smoking 26.4%, Physical fight out of home 22%, having sex with one’s own free will 20.7%, having suicidal thoughts 19.9%, planning for suicide 17.7%, experience of alcohol consumption 16.8%, forced sex 14.5%, and attempted suicide in the last 12 months 12.8% were the most common high-risk behaviors among adolescents, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean of high-risk behaviors in boys was higher than in girls. Moreover, among the 15 psychosocial factors studied, four factors of peer pressure, poor religious beliefs, feelings of emptiness, and antisociality had the highest potential to predict their high-risk behavior

 Total range of some high-risk behaviors among the sample in Qom is at a dangerous rate and needs more attention.

Burn trauma is a life-threatening incident that may be accompanied by several risk factors thatincrease morbidity and mortality. Drug abuse is one of the lifestyle dangers on the rise globally and can havean impact on the outcomes of burn injuries. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of drug abuse on the clinicaloutcomes of adult burn patients who were admitted to a burn center in the North of Iran. This retrospective cross-sectional study included adult burn patients who were referred to VelayatHospital, between March 1, 2021, and March 20, 2022. The hospital information system (HIS) was used toselect patients with a history of drug use and then were compared with burn victims who had never used drugsbefore. In both groups, demographic information, the cause of the burn, the comorbid diseases, total bodysurface area, length of stay, and outcomes were collected and recorded for both groups. This study included 114 inpatients, 90 of whom (78.95%) were men. The mean age of the patients was43±15 years. The mean length of hospitalization in the drug-user group was significantly higher than in thenon-drug abuse group (p=0.004). The drug abuse group had significantly higher rates of comorbid diseases(p=0.021), inhalation injury (p<0.001), mortality (p=0.002), and pneumonia (p<0.001). However, there were nostatistically significant differences in the Infection and Sir’s rates (p=0.583) between the groups. Drug abuse is a risk factor in adult burn patients, which can affect the length of stay and burnrelated morbidities.

Substance abuse in adolescents is caused by many factors, including family conflicts, negative parenting models, and family estrangement. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between resilience and family functioning with drug use risk behavior among adolescents in Limo District, Depok city, Indonesia.
Instruments &

This descriptive correlational study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted on adolescents aged 10-15 years who lived in Limo District, Depok, Indonesia. 315 adolescents were selected by simple random sampling method. Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire was used to measure family resilience, and Family Assessment Device was used to measure family functioning. Data analysis was performed using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.

Family resilience (p=0.011) and family functioning (p=0.001) were significantly related to drug use risk behavior. Adolescents whose families have poor resilience are 1.694 times more likely to engage in risky drug behaviors than adolescents whose families have good resilience. Also, adolescents who have poor-functioning families are 2.054 times more at risk of risky drug behaviors than adolescents whose families function well.

Adolescents whose families have low resilience and whose families have poor functioning are 60.7% more likely to exhibit drug use risk behavior.

Oral health is one of the most important issues for people and physicians, and it is very important to identify the factors that contribute to the damage to oral health. One of the factors that is always emphasized in harming oral health is drug addiction. 

Methods:

This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched the electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and ISI for Persian and English articles and compared oral health indicators in patients with substance abuse with healthy subjects. The quality of the selected studies was measured by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Heterogeneity of studies was performed using the Q test and I-square index. In case of heterogeneity of studies, a random effect model was used to combine the results. Publication bias was performed by funnel curves and Egger’s and Begg’s tests.

Substance abuse had a significant effect on (std dif in means 1/657[1.873-1/442], P<0/001) and it has a strong positive and significant effect on plaque index (OR. 1/42; 95% CI 1/18-1/7), P= 0/0002.

Conclusion:

 The mean DMFT was higher in people with drug abuse than in healthy people. Periodontal problems are also more common in people with drug abuse than in healthy people. Hence, the oral health status of these people needs more attention.

Practical Implications:

Responsible organizations and social dentists should pay more attention to oral and dental health of substance abusers.

 Drug abuse and drug dependence are very common in the community, which causes complications in patients. It is necessary to identify these complications.

 The aim of this study was to compare the blood parameters of oral and inhaled opium addicts with healthy individuals in Zahedan.

 This study was performed on 60 people (20 in the group of oral opium addicts, 20 in the group of inhaled opium addicts, and 20 in the healthy group). After recording demographic information, blood parameters were recorded and analyzed.

 The findings of our study showed that the mean of white blood cell (WBC), platelets (PLT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was not significantly different in the three groups. However, it was found that the mean of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) in the healthy groups and serum lead (Pb) levels in addicts was significantly higher, but no difference was seen between the oral and inhaled groups. It was also found that in all subjects, Pb had an inverse and significant relationship with RBC, Hb, and Hct.

 The higher levels of Pb in the blood of substance abusers may cause further anemia, and blood Pb levels must be frequently checked in substance abusers.

The problem of drugs is still urgent and complex, especially in Indonesia, and even in the last decade, it has become increasingly widespread. This situation can be seen in the significant increase in drug abusers or addicts, drug crime cases with various patterns, and the massive syndicate network. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of educational media, animated videos, and e-books on adolescents' knowledge in managing drug abuse.
Materials &

This quasi-experimental study with a two-group pre-test and post-test design was conducted in SMPN 5 Kendari City in 2021. Forty eight samples were selected among 8th-grade students using proportional random sampling method and divided into the video animation group (n=24) and the e-book group (n=24). Students' knowledge about drug abuse was assessed before and after the intervention turough a questionare. Collected data were analyzed using ANCOVA.

The mean score of knowledge, before and after education with animated video media and e-books increased. The mean difference of knowledge score before and after the education with animated video media was 1.3 (p=0.001), and before and after education with e-book media was 1.25 (p=0.0001).

Education with animated video media and e-books effectively increases adolescent knowledge in managing drug abuse.

 Drug abuse causes irreversible damage to human health at both micro and macro levels among the aggravating problems of human society.

 This research aimed to evaluate the role of group dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and structured matrix treatment (SMT) on quit addiction self-efficacy, distress tolerance, and mindfulness in individuals with stimulant drug abuse.

 This quasi-experimental study was based on a pretest-posttest design with test and control groups. The population included drug abusers referring to the centers of addiction rehabilitation affiliated with the Social Welfare Department, Ahvaz, Iran, in 2021. A total of 75 individuals were selected using convenience sampling and allocated to one control group and two experimental groups. Participants in all three groups completed the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and the Quit Addiction Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. The first experimental groups underwent eight sessions (90-minute sessions per week) of group DBT. The SMT was performed on the second experimental group for fourteen 90-minute sessions, and the control group did not receive any training. Then, the data were analyzed statistically using the multivariate analysis of covariance.

 DBT and SMT groups increased quit addiction self-efficacy, distress tolerance, and mindfulness in the experimental group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between DBT and SMT groups regarding distress tolerance in the individuals with stimulant drug abuse (P = 0.020).

 Based on the results, DBT and SMT were effective in quitting addiction self-efficacy, distress tolerance, and mindfulness among drug abusers, improved psychological states, and reduced drug abuse in individuals.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) are problems that children of parents with drug abuse suffer from. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictor factors of ADHD, CD, and ODD in children of parents with drug abuse.

The present study was a descriptive-analytic research. The statistical population of the study included the children of parents suffering from drug abuse in Sanandaj, Iran, during 2017-2018. The sample size included 196 individuals (91 girls and 105 boys) which were selected by stratified multistage random sampling. The instrument of this study was Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4). Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used for analytical purposes.

Based on multiple regression's results analysis, predictors have a significant relationship between behavioral disorders (CD) in the children based on their fathers' job (P = 0.001), but there was no such a significant relationship between behavioral disorders (ODD, ADHD, CD) in the studiedchildren in terms of parents' occupation and level of education (P > 0.05).

The results of the current study could be used for psychiatric clinics, mental health, and education organizations. In addition, they will be used for the supportive organizations that want to help and support children with ADHD, CD, and ODD with parents with substance abuse

The first 1000 days of life last from the beginning of pregnancy to the age of two, a unique step that shapes the basis for a person’s health over their lifetime. Numerous studies have indicated the relationship between one’s first 1000 days of life and the consequent adverse outcomes in adulthood. However, to the extent that we have reviewed it, not a single study has shown the relationship between various aspects of an individual’s first 1000 days of life and the probability of drug consumption in adult life. Hence, the primary purpose of this narrative review was to understand the role of the first 1000 days of life on vulnerability to drug abuse later in life.

This article is a narrative review that has identified the role of the first 1000 days of life on susceptibility to substance abuse later in life. The articles were extracted from valid databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Embase.

Various significant research has pointed to the mother’s distress and anxiety during pregnancy through embryonic planning, influencing the planning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and epigenetic changes. The intestinal microbiota is a part of a complex link named the microbiota-gut-brain axis that can affect drug abuse through the variety and number of intestinal microbiota. On the other hand, a mother’s drug consumption during pregnancy can function as chronic stress by affecting the enteric nervous system (ENS), which activates the concurrent axis of HPA and dopamine pathways by changing the reward circuit and the subsequent increase in drug abuse. The results indicated that various factors, such as exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), parental separation, and attachment insecurity, increase the probability of drug abuse in adulthood. Nevertheless, the quality of nurturing care during the first 1000 days of life and the mother’s warm relationship with children may hinder the increase in addiction in society.

The first 1000 days of one’s life are a crucial and delicate stage. If these days are tainted with unpleasant events, the various mechanisms can reduce a person’s resilience to drug abuse in later life. How the first 1000 days of an infant’s life and the quality of this period, such as prenatal stress, substance use during pregnancy, ACEs, maternal-infant bonding, maternal separation (MS), and intestinal microbiota, can affect drug abuse in the future. As a result, focusing on the first 1000 days of life is critical to adapting prevention strategies. Health policymakers can design suitable entries during pregnancy and early childhood to reduce the probability of drug abuse.