جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Empowerment » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Internet addiction is one of the most common mental disorders in adolescents, and coping skills comprise one of the main components of mental health. In this study, we examined the effect of training based on the self-management empowerment model on the coping skills of adolescent girls with internet addiction in Bushehr in 2022.

The research was a clinical trial on adolescent girls with internet addiction in the junior high schools of Bushehr. The schools were selected by simple random sampling and were assigned into intervention and control groups by drawing lots (40 students per group). The participants completed the Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire and were entered into the study if they obtained a score of 46 or higher. In order to collect information on coping strategies, the short version of Endler and Parker's  Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations was used. The intervention was carried out based on the model of self-management empowerment in five steps. The post-test was immediately completed by both groups at the end of two-month intervention administered in the intervention group. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 26, using descriptive indices, the Chi-square test and the independent t-test, at a significance level of 0.05. 

The mean changes in the score of coping strategies had significant changes in the intervention group in the direction of increased use of the problem-oriented strategy (p<0.001) and decreased use of emotion-oriented and avoidance strategies (p<0.001), while such changes were not observed in the control group.

The results of the study showed that the provided training had a positive effect on strength-ening problem-oriented strategies and reducing emotion-oriented and avoidance strategies in the interven-tion group.

Social skills refer to socially acceptable behaviors that enable a person to interact effectively with others, and avoid socially unacceptable reactions. Social skills developed in childhood often form the basis of success in later stages of life. The purpose of this study is to review studies which have assessed social skills and empowerment developed in childhood and further influence the future life stages.

This narrative review was conducted using the keywords such as; social skills, social empowerment and child education. We searched English and Farsi scientific databases. Out of 512 articles, 86 were extracted.

The importance of social skills and empowerment during childhood were categorized in eight dimensions: definitions, various components of social skills, necessity of acquiring these skills, different methods of education, factors influencing child empowerment, role of games in social skills education and methods of evaluating social skills in children. Any deficiency in these skills may lead to many undesirable consequences such as behavioral disorders, poor academic performance, isolation and psychological disorders in adolescence. Various factors are influential in acquiring social skills, the most important of which are the role of age and gender, parents and teachers, and the cultural level of the family.

Education, especially in the preschool period, plays a significant role in empowering children with social skills. One of the best training programs in this domain is cognitive behavioral training (CB Training) program.

Pregnancy is associated with many physical and mental changes. These changes can lead to sexual dysfunction. Targeted and appropriate training can be effective in reducing this disorder. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of sexual health empowerment based on the James Brown model on the sexual performance of pregnant women.

This study was a randomized controlled field trial was conducted in 2018 on 68 pregnant women referring to health centers. The women were placed in two intervention and control groups, and the intervention group was given 4 training sessions based on the James Brown model. Evaluation of sexual function before, two weeks and one month after the intervention was done with the FSFI tool. Data analysis was done using SPSS software (version 20) and Statistical tests . p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Before the intervention, the mean and standard deviation of the sexual function score of pregnant women in two groups were homogeneous with independent t-test (P=0.081). 2 weeks after the intervention, the difference in the total score of sexual performance between the intervention and control groups was significant (P<0.001) and one month later between the intervention and control groups (p<0.001).

Sexual health education based on the James Brown model is effective on the sexual performance of pregnant women, so by training based on this model, it is possible to increase awareness and then improve the sexual performance of pregnant women.

Rapid advancement in medical education and technological innovation, coupled with limited time for new work, have ushered in a fresh perspective. This study aims to identify the factors influencing learning via mobile phones in medical science universities. This descriptive cross-sectional survey study involved 200 specialists from various medical groups, selected through random quota sampling. Mobile education components were extracted through text analysis and expert interviews, and content validity was established based on the medical experts’ opinions. A Cronbach’s alpha above 0.7 confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using multivariate regression and independent sample t-test with SPSS-23. The most influential component of the infrastructure of mobile education was the provision of credits. In the dimension of tools and equipment, the provision of various software emerged as the most effective component. Empowerment was the most effective component in the ability dimension and human resource motivation, while curriculum planning was the most influential component in the planning and organization dimension. At the 99% confidence level, all criteria significantly differed from the average value, indicating the model’s appropriateness according to all criteria. With the growing use of Internet technology, e-learning has assumed a pivotal role in higher education. The adoption of mobile education and innovative methods can facilitate learning anytime, anywhere, and compensate for the shortcomings and limitations of traditional learning.

Identifying factors that influence the patient experience are critical to implementing strategies that support patient engagement and ultimately achieve better health outcomes. The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of empowerment of hospitalized patients.

The current research was a qualitative-quantitative study that was cross-sectional by stratified sampling method with proper allocation in hospitals affiliated to Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, on 230 heads, managers, matrons, supervisors, heads of clinical and paraclinical departments and hospital headquarters units, nurses and doctors were done. The data were collected using the demographic information tool and the questionnaire made by the researcher to design a model of empowering patients admitted to the hospital. Determining the ability of the designed model by fitting the data was done with the confirmatory factor analysis method. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 software and Amos.v 24 software.

Questionnaire for designing a model of empowering patients in the hospital has 8 areas and 61 items or components. In the present study, the Chi-square ratio to the degree of freedom was significant (p<0.001), which indicated the appropriate fit of the model. The value of the GFI index was estimated at 0.93, which indicated that the model fits well. The values of GFI and AGFI for the empowerment model of hospitalized patients were higher than 0.8.

Organizations and medical institutions have the opportunity to utilize this model to empower patients. The universities of medical sciences and affiliated hospitals should create an enabling environment for enhancing patient empowerment.

The postpartum period is accompanied by rapid physiological changes that expose mothers to sleep pattern disturbances and threaten the health of mothers and their infants. In order to maintain and improve mental health and sleep quality in this era, it is necessary to empower mothers with a suitable model. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate and compare the effects of family-centered and individual-centered empowerment programs on the sleep quality and mental health of primiparous women in the postpartum period.

This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on two groups, from late 2019 to June 2020. After sampling using the convenience method, 86 women were randomly assigned to either the family-centered or individual-centered group. The research tools included a demographic information questionnaire, a questionnaire on personal and environmental factors affecting fatigue and sleep, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the General Health Questionnaire. In the family-centered group, the empowerment program was implemented based on the four-stage model of perceived threat, self-efficacy enhancement, self-esteem, and assessment of quality of life components for primiparous mothers in the postpartum period, along with their spouse and infant. However, in the individual-centered group, the mothers were the only ones undergoing the intervention. In the three stages prior to the intervention and one month after the intervention, sleep quality and mental health questionnaires were completed by the research units. Finally, the data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests, including the Mann-Whitney, Friedman, Wilcoxon, and Smirnov-Kolmogorov tests, using SPSS-21 software due to the non-normal distribution of the data.

The results of the study showed that the sleep quality score and mental health score of primiparous women after delivery in the two family-centered and individual-centered empowerment groups did not show any significant statistical differences before and immediately after the intervention(P>0.05). However, one month after the intervention, in the family-centered group, both research variables had significantly improved (P<0.05).

Postpartum empowerment of primparous women using family-centered and individual-centered patterns lead to improvements in their sleep quality and mental health. Empowerment with family support plays a more effective role. Therefore, empowerment programs should be implemented with the support of spouses and key family members during pregnancy and continued in postpartum care

Drug abuse is one of the most important health, psychological, and social challenges that most countries in the world face in some way and imposes many problems upon the societies. This study was conducted with the aim of structural modeling of the relationship between psychological empowerment and quality of life based on the mediating role of religious beliefs in patients with drug abuse.

The method of this research is descriptive-correlational based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included all drug abusers who referred to the Peace Canopy addiction treatment center, located in Rasht. The participants included 300 patients selected by available sampling method. Psychological Empowerment Scale, World Health Organization quality of Life Scale and religious orientation scale were used to collect data. Also, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. In the present study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

The results showed that all fit indices were in the desired range. The direct effect of psychological empowerment (0.45) and inward religious belief (0.29) on quality of life was positive and the direct effect of outward religious belief on quality of life (-0.18) was negative and both were at the significant level of 0.001. The direct effect of psychological empowerment on inward religious belief (0.20) was positive and the direct effect of psychological empowerment on outward religious belief (0.17) was negative and both were significant at the level of 0.01. The indirect effect of psychological empowerment on quality of life through inward religious belief (0.05) and outward religious belief (0.03) was positive and significant at the level of 0.05. Therefore, it can be stated that inward and outward religious beliefs play a mediating role in the relationship between psychological empowerment and quality of life.

According to the results, the higher the religious belief in the patients with drug abuse, the higher their psychological empowerment and quality of life; therefore, religious beliefs as an Islamic moral variable can affect the psychological empowerment and life quality of the patients with drug abuse.

Background :

One of the educational design models emphasizing learner participation is the ASSURE model. The present study aims to design, implement, and evaluate the effect of an empowering program based on the ASSURE model on medical students’ participation in teaching and classroom activities.

Methods:

 This is a descriptive study that was conducted on 62 undergraduate students in public health at Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2021. The program was designed and implemented based on the 6 phases of the ASSURE model. The data collection tool was a researcher-made student satisfaction and attitude questionnaire based on the 6 dimensions of the ASSURE model. The data was analyzed in SPSS software, version 16.

Results:

 In this study, 91% (n=53) of students were female and 9% were male. The students’ interest to participate in teaching was reported to be 80%. Their satisfaction with the analysis of learners (first phase) and the statement of educational objectives (second phase) was 75% and 89%, respectively. For the use of materials and media (third phase), 68% reported favorable satisfaction, and 23% had moderate satisfaction. In addition, 84% were satisfied with the way of participation in teaching and classroom activities, and 65% were satisfied with the evaluation method (last step).

Conclusion :

The empowering program designed based on the ASSURE model is effective in increasing public health students’ participation and interest in teaching and classroom activities. This program can be used in other universities in Iran to improve educational objectives and effective learning.

The improvement of every administration and health system has always received assiduous attention. One of the processes that every system should pay attention to is empowerment. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the empowerment components of employees working in the Ilam Welfare Organization.

This applied research was conducted based on a qualitative approach and ground theory method in 2022-2023. The statistical population included professors and experts in the field of employee empowerment. Sampling was performed using the available and snowball method, and theoretical saturation was achieved with 15 cases. The interviewees of the research were 15 professors and experts in the field of employee empowerment who had the most experience in the research topic, and the data analysis was performed manually.

Based on the findings, 12 components and 24 subcomponents were identified in the field of empowerment of welfare organization employees, including individual skills, group skills and management (causal conditions), ethics, communication (contextual conditions), knowledge and improvement of the work environment (intervening conditions), managerial ability., moral ability, communication ability (strategies), promotion of service to employees, and the use of employees' potential capacities (consequences).

Paying attention to skills and management at the individual and group level creates the possibility of employee empowerment in the welfare system. Necessary attention to knowledge and environment on the one hand and management and communication guidelines on the other hand provide the necessary platform and conditions for the growth of employees. The welfare organization will benefit from the effective result of empowerment when it uses its employees and their potential capacities.

Physical activity is a very important factor in improving women's health. The significant decline in physical activity, which is a gift of modernity in rural society, threatens the health of this group of women. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of social empowerment on individual, social and environmental factors on the activities performed in rural women.

This was a semi-experimental before-after study without a control group. 60 women of Kermajan village were randomly selected and examined. Individual factors based on physical activity awareness questionnaires, physical activity performance (IPAQ), physical activity self-efficacy (ESES), perceived barriers and benefits of physical activity (Sechrist) and social environment with social support questionnaire and physical environment with environmental factors questionnaire in It was measured twice before and after the intervention. Data analysis was done through Will Coxon statistical tests using SPSS version 26 software.

The average age of the studied women was (30.45 ± 7.31) years. The average awareness of women about physical activity from (3.72 ± 2.68) to (8.68 ± 1.64), the average self-efficacy from (25.52 ± 6.58) to (63.75 ± 6.73) and the average score of environmental barriers from (9.88 ± 2.65) to (18.87 ± 1.84); The average social support from (2.54 ± 8.33) (to (12.75 ± 4.09), the average amount of physical activity from (186.08 ± 93.08) (to (126.08 ± 104.84)) found significant changes (p<0.001). The average understanding of barriers and benefits changed from (143.60 ± 11.79) to (144.82 ± 9.38), which was not significant (p<0.113).

Empowering the rural community can lead to increasing awareness and self-efficacy and the level of physical activity of women and increasing social support for rural women and environmental changes needed in rural areas.