جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Extract » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

In this research chemical composition and antimicrobial effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (E. angustifolia L.) whole fruit ethanolic extract was investigated on common pathogenic microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans). The phytochemical composition of E. angustifolia was screened by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract were determined using the broth dilution technique. According to the results, 13 major compounds such as flavonoid, aldehyde, alcoholic and fatty acids were identified by GC/MS. In addition, the extract could inhibit the growth of all examined pathogenic strains. The MIC was 3.75 to 1.87 mg ml-1 while maximum activity was found against Staphylococcus aureus. Besides, the MBC was ranging from 7.5 to 3.75 mg ml-1. Since E. angustifolia whole fruit ethanolic extract contains phytochemical compounds and has antimicrobial potential it can be recommended as a natural active agent for application in the food industry.

 This study investigated the antibacterial properties of four types of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) extracts against two caries contributing bacteria, namely, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus.

 The extracts of A. dracunculus were prepared using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water solvents. In addition, the diameter of inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined, and finally, MTT (tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay) was used to analyze the cytotoxic effects of the extracts.

 The well-diffusion method showed the antibacterial property of four tested extracts against bacteria. Methanol and water extracts made the highest inhibition zone diameters (P<0.001). This was true for both tested bacteria. The mIC of the methanol, water, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts were 0.78, 1.5, 3.1, and 1.5 mg/mL, as well as 0.78, 0.78, 1.5, and 1.5 mg/mL against S. mutans and S. sobrinus, respectively. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for methanolic, aqueous, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts were 0.78, 0.78, 1.56, and 3.12 mg/mL, respectively.

 The results provided a rational reason for the traditional use of A. dracunculus extracts against anti-caries-related bacteria. The methanolic extract demonstrated better activity, thus methanol can probably extract a wider range of plant compounds with antibacterial effects.

Breast cancer is a common human neoplasia in women. Species of the Lamiaceae plant have been found to exert in vitro anti-proliferative activity on breast cancer cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the extracts of ten species from the Lamiaceae family on a breast cancer cell line. We also examined the selective indices of the fractions and essential oil of the most effective extract.

The plant species were harvested, dried and authenticated. The hydro-alcoholic extract of each plant was examined for its cytotoxicity on the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) using MTT assay. The n-Hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were prepared from Nepeta crispa extract. Hydro-distillation method was used to isolate the Nepeta crispa’s essential oil. The essential oil and the fractions were examined in vitro for the cytotoxic effects against both HEK293 and MCF-7 cell lines.

The Nepeta crispa extract exhibited significant cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 (IC50 = 59 ±3.4μg/mL) compared to other extracts. The n-hexane fraction of Nepeta crispa demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity (IC50 = 65.47 ±4.3μg/mL) among other fractions. The essential oil exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition against the growth of cancer cells, and showed the most inhibitory effect against MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 18.15 ±2.7μg/mL) with a selectivity index of 9.69.

Based on the results, the n-hexane fraction and essential oil of Nepeta crispa may be the potential sources of biologically active components to develop novel drugs for breast cancer treatment.

 Studies have reported certain side effects that occur with the use of conventional antidepressants limit their clinical use. Plant derivatives such as Rhus coriaria L extract can be used as alternatives for depression.

 This study was designed to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of R. coriaria in a mouse model and the role of the monoaminergic system in its mechanism of action.

 A total of 174 male NMRI mice were used. Thirty minutes after treating animals with common antidepressants and R. coriaria extract (25 - 200 mg/kg), the tail suspension test (TST) was performed. One hour after treating mice with serotonergic, adrenergic, and dopaminergic antagonists, 100 mg/kg of the extract was administered, and TST was performed after 30 minutes. Potential synergistic interactions between the extract and the sub-doses of fluoxetine (Flx) and imipramine (Imp) were also investigated. Injections were all administered intraperitoneally.

 Rhus coriaria extract (50 - 200 mg/kg) induced antidepressant-like effects (P < 0.001) without altering animal locomotion in the open field test (OFT; P > 0.05). The tail suspension test showed that the antidepressant-like activity of the extract was blocked by pretreating with the above-mentioned antagonists (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The sub-dose of the extract also increased the efficiency of the sub-doses of common antidepressants (P < 0.001).

 The extract showed antidepressant-like activity via the monoaminergic system and increased the efficiency of common antidepressants. We suggest adding dried R. coriaria extract powder to the formulation of common antidepressant agents following thorough clinical studies on the substance.

One of the major concerns of the health system of countries is resistance to common fungicides by pathogenic strains. The World Health Organization places special emphasis on finding natural compounds with antifungal properties. Therefore, in the present study, the antifungal and antitumor effects of ethanol extract of propolis were studied. For this purpose, at first, M. furfur MF7 strain was prepared and cultivated. Then, propolis ethanol extract was prepared. The microbioassay method was used to study the effects of different concentrations of propolis extract on the growth of M. furfur, and the broth microdilution method was used to determine the MIC and MFC. Also, the effect of this extract on ergosterol biosynthesis was studied. The results of the study showed that the MIC of propolis ethanol extract on this pathogenic fungus is 10 mg/ml and its MFC is 20 mg/ml. The decrease in fungus growth was seen with the increase in the concentration of propolis ethanol extract, so that there was no growth in the concentration of 20 mg/ml ethanol extract of propolis. Also, with the increase in the concentration of the extract, the biosynthesis of ergosterol decreased, and at the concentrations of 15 and 20 mg/ml, a severe decrease in the biosynthesis of this compound was seen. Propolis reduced HT-29 cell line viability at 2000µg/mL. In general, it was concluded that propolis ethanol extract is a suitable option for treating diseases caused by M. furfur. Studies in clinical conditions are needed.

Purwoceng, a native Indonesian plant, has been traditionally used for its aphrodisiac, diuretic, and tonic effects. Despite its long history, the chronic effects of Purwoceng have not been fully understood. This study analyzed the chronic toxicity effects of the ethanol extracts of Purwoceng roots on the liver and kidneys in white male rats.

We conducted post-tests for liver histopathology and pre- & post-tests for SGOT, SGPT and urea-creatinine levels. The treatments were administered over 90 days on 32 rats, which were randomly divided into four groups, consisting of a control group (A), and three treatment groups receiving doses of 21 mg/kg/day (B), 42 mg/kg /day (C), and 84 mg/kg/day (D).

The chronic administration of Purwoceng root extracts at various doses did not significantly increase the SGOT and SGPT levels, but increased the levels of urea and creatinine at 21 and 42 mg/kg/day, respectively. The histopathological analyses revealed that the extracts caused some cellular damages in the liver at 42 mg/kg/day. The minimal toxic dose for the chronic administration of the extract was 21 mg/kg/day. However, determining a safe dose for the chronic administration of the extract was not possible, as even the control group showed increases in SGOT, SGPT and urea-creatinine levels. However, at 21 mg/kg/day, the extract did not cause liver histological damages.

The chronic administration of Purwoceng extract did not affect the liver function but caused histological damages in the liver cells and affected the kidneys function.

Today, individuals tend to use natural products instead of synthetic additives in many areas. The hazelnut tree produces many by-products and fruit. Nuts and their by-products are rich in bioactive compounds.

This study investigated the biological activities of water and ethanol extracts obtained from hazelnut and its waste products to determine their potential usage in the cosmetic industry.

In this experimental study, disc diffusion test, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), or minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were applied to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the extracts. The sun protection factor (SPF) of the extracts and commercial cream + extract mixtures was determined in vitro. In addition, antimicrobial cream formulations containing hazelnut extracts and Limosilactobacillus fermentum MA-7 probiotic candidate lactic acid bacteria from human milk were developed for the pharmaceutical industry to prevent infections. The good diffusion test was applied against test microorganisms to evaluate antimicrobial activity.

The hazelnut husk methanol extract had the highest inhibition zone diameter (19.41 mm) against Yersinia ruckeri. The MIC, MBC, or MFC of the extracts ranged from 1.25 to > 40 g/L. The SPF values of the extracts (range: 6.85-27.64) and commercial cream + extract (range: 11.92-26.28) mixtures were determined in vitro to obtain their potential use in sunscreens. The cream groups containing hazelnut extracts and probiotics showed a high antimicrobial effect on the tested microorganisms. The results of statistical analysis indicated that the cream + extract + probiotic pellet + probiotic supernatant group was statistically significant (P < 0.05) compared to other test groups.

The results showed that hazelnuts and their by-products have the potential to be used as a natural source of antimicrobials. Hazelnut and its by-products can be an alternative to synthetic antimicrobials and sunscreens in the cosmetic industry as a natural bioactive substance. In addition, it might contribute to the country’s economy by evaluating hazelnuts and their waste and by-products resulting from their processing in the cosmetic industry.

One of the environmental factors leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is traumatic brain injury (TBI). Meanwhile, tau protein hyperphosphorylation is known as one of the mechanisms of AD development. In the present study, the effect of Rosa damascena and Ginkgo biloba aqueous extracts on tau hyperphosphorylation was studied on SH-SY5Y cell lines and mouse TBI models.

Tau protein hyperphosphorylation was induced in SH-SY5Y cells using 10 μM retinoic acid (RA). Then, cells were treated with 500 and 1000 μg/ml aqueous extracts of Rosa damascena and Ginkgo biloba. Cell viability was studied by MTT test and tau protein hyperphosphorylation was studied by western blot and immunostaining techniques. Also, after the induction of TBI by pneumatic cylinder, mice were treated with 500 and 1000 μg/ml aqueous extracts of Rosa damascena and Ginkgo biloba, and the animals were tested for beam balance and walk tests to measure balance and muscle stiffness. Finally, tau protein hyperphosphorylation in the brain was investigated using an immunostaining technique.

Both aqueous extracts of Rosa damascena and Ginkgo biloba were able to improve SH-SY5Y viability. Also, a decrease in phosphorylated tau protein was observed in cells treated with aqueous extracts of Rosa damascena and Ginkgo biloba. Performance improvements in beam balance and walk tests in TBI mice treated with 1000 μg/ml Rosa damascena and Ginkgo biloba aqueous extracts were seen. Also, tau protein phosphorylation was significantly decreased in the brain of TBI rats treated with those aqueous extracts.

aqueous extracts of Rosa damascena and Ginkgo biloba have neuroprotective effects and are beneficial in reducing TBI-induced tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and they can prevent tau pathology.

Considering the global prevalence of cancers and the complications of common cancer treatments, there is growing interest in using medicinal herbs to complement cancer treatments and reduce treatment’s side effects. Therefore, we investigate the effect of the extract of Nasturtium on the viability of oral cancer cells.

In this experimental study, we prepared aqueous extract from Nasturtium leaves and human oral cancer cells(OCC‑24) and normal fibroblast cells (HF2FF cell line) from a cell bank. Then the toxic effect of different concentrations of the extract on cell viability after 24–48 hours of exposure was investigated with the methylthiazol tetrazolium assay. Ultimately, the optical density was measured at 570 nm by an Elisa Reader. Analysis of inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) was also performed. The data were analyzed by paired Student’s t‑test and one‑way analysis of variance.

Data showed that the extract had statistically significant anticancer effects in concentrations above 0.125 mg/ml for 24‑hour exposure and in concentrations above 0.5 mg/ml for 48‑hour exposure (p‑value <0.05). Also, this extract had an adverse effect on the viability of normal cells; however, this effect occurred in high doses of the extract (p‑value <0.05). Analysis of IC50 criteria indicates that with increasing time, a higher concentration of the extract is required to inhibit the viability of cancer cells.

Because of the results, this aqueous extract can be suggested as a potential therapeutic agent in oral cancer. The best concentration of the extract was found to be 1 mg/ml.

Studies have shown that synthetic agents are connected with some complications. This work was designed to study the effects of vitamin C and Citrus sinensis fruit extract (CSFE) on viability, DNA synthesis, and apoptosis stimulation in human lung cancer cells (COR-L105).

The total contents of the phenolics, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid in CSFE were assessed through the Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride, and dinitrophenyl hydrazine methods, respectively. The cytotoxicity of vitamin C and CSFE on COR-L105 cells was evaluated by the cell viability assay. Measurement of the DNA synthesis was done through the BrdU solution assay. The expression levels of some apoptosis regulatory genes were also evaluated.

The total phenolic, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid contents of CSFE were 94.31 ± 2.27 gallic acid equivalents (mg/g) of dry extract, 63.26 ± 2.86 quercetin equivalents (mg/g) of dry extract, and 59 mg/L, respectively. The 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) values of vitamin C and CSFE on cancer cells were 54.6 and 82.7.6 μg/mL, respectively. Vitamin C and CSFE dose-dependently declined the amount of DNA production in the cancer cells. The expression levels of caspase-3 and Bax genes were markedly (P < 0.001) elevated by vitamin C and CSFE, while they reduced the level of Bcl-2 gene (P < 0.05).

The findings showed the potent anticancer effects of vitamin C and CSFE against human lung cancer cell lines. DNA synthesis reduction and apoptosis induction can be considered as possible mechanisms of action. However, further surveys are necessary to clarify the accurate mechanism and their efficacy.

Astragalus spp., have been used as a pain reliever in traditional medicine; therefore, in this study, we decided to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of Astragalus ecbatanus chloroform extract (AECE) in acute and chronic pain in male mice.

The extract was obtained from aerial parts of A. ecbatanus with maceration method. The antinociceptive effect of AECE was determined by tail-flick, hot-plate, formalin, and rotarod tests followed by the oral intake of mice with AECE at the doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg for 14 days in male Balb/C mice.

The results showed AECE at the concentrations of 400 and 800 mg/kg revealed a mean latency time of 6.4 and 7.2 s, respectively; representing a remarkable (p<0.05) antinociceptive activity compared with the control group. AECE, especially at the doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg, significantly increased the time until the occurrence of painful behaviors (licking or jumping) compared to the control group (p<0.001). The results showed AECE, especially in concentrations of 400 and 800 mg/kg, markedly (p<0.05) reduced the pain behaviors in the first phase (acute) and the second (chronic) phase of the formalin test compared to the control group.

According to the reducing pain effect of this plant in both pain tests and in both stages of the formalin test, it can be concluded that Astragalus ecbatanus reduces both acute pain and chronic pain and can relieve pain both peripherally and centrally.