جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Food Frequency Questionnaire » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The relation between long-term dietary intake and diseases is well known. There are several methods to determine long-term dietary intake. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is used in studies to assess habitual dietary intake over a long term period. Dietary intake varies according to cultural differences, so an FFQ must be designed and validated for the target population. This protocol study aims to explain the development and validation of a semi-quantitative FFQ for the Iranian population that includes mixed dishes and single food items.

The initial list of food items were extracted from interviews and expert opinion. An expert panel of ten nutritionists calculated the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) of food items to finalize the FFQ. One hundred twenty eligible participants were included in the study. They completed the FFQ two times, with a ten month interval. They recorded their food intake for three days in the 2nd and 10th months of the study. In the 4th and 10th months, serum retinol and alpha-tocopherol, and 24-hour urinary potassium and nitrogen were measured.

Covering typical Iranian mixed dishes is the main advantage of this study. Given that the questionnaire is valid and reproducible, it can be used in epidemiologic studies.

The current study developed a dish-based Iranian FFQ based on mixed food.

Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) is one of the important problems concerning the staffschr('39') health and productivity in the workplace. Nutritional status and consumption of some foods are also among the determining factors of MSD. So, this study aimed to evaluate the correlation of diet and consumed food groups with MSD.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 office workers. The participantschr('39') anthropometric parameters and their dietary information were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The findings were categorized into nine levels. The total scores were calculated for all the items per food group and per person. Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was also administered to evaluate the MSD symptoms in nine parts of body.

The score of consumed food groups was compared between individuals “with pain” and “without pain” in nine parts of the body. The scores of fruit intake in individuals “with pain” and “without pain” were 2.94 ± 1.27 vs. 3.29 ± 1.16 and 2.81 ± 1.10 vs. 3.49 ± 1.38 in terms of neck and wrists, respectively. The difference between the two groups were significant (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the participants with pain in the neck consumed significantly lower amounts of cereals and nuts (P = 0.03, 0.04). In the case of the shoulder pain, consuming legumes and nuts in the “without pain” group was higher than the group of participants who had pain (P = 0.01, P = 0.03). Fat intake was higher in the patients who had pain in their hips (P = 0.02).

Less pain was reported in the musculoskeletal system by higher consumption of fruits, nuts, and legumes. It seems that plant-based dietary pattern is more effective in musculoskeletal health.

The average age at menarche (AAM) has declined around the world, which is widely attributed to improvements in nutrition. This study was conducted to investigate the association between dietary patterns and early menarche ( This case-control study was carried out on 400 elementary school girls (200 early menarche and 200 premenarche) who were aged 12 years old and over, in Kermanshah, Iran, 2015. The participants were selected by cluster sampling from three areas of Kermanshah city. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and information on dietary intake was investigated by using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, which consists of 160 items and were filled by students’ parents. Logistic regression was performed to find a relationship between dietary patterns and risk of early menarche. The means age for the case and control groups (n=200, n=200) were 12.06±0.1 5 years and 12.0 6±0. 10 years, respectively. Four major dietary patterns of meat, western, vegetarian, and traditional were identified. After adjusting for the confounding factors, vegetarian (OR: 0.01; 95%CI: 0.003-0.02; P<0.001), and traditional (OR: 0.13; 95%CI: 0.06-0.26; P<0.001), dietary patterns were found to be negatively associated with early menarche whereas the highest tertile of meat dietary pattern (OR:1.21; 95%CI: 0.64-2.29; P<0.009), and BMI (OR: 3.36; 95%CI: 1.72-6.54) were positively associated with early menarche. Western diet showed no relationship with early age at menarche (P>0.05). Based on the results, dietary patterns and body size were found to be related to early menarche among elementary school girls.

Preeclampsia is one of the causes of mortality and high-risk pregnancies that endangers the health of mothers in the developing countries.

The current study aimed at investigating the nutritional pattern in women with preeclampsia.

The current cross sectional study was conducted on 182 pregnant women (82 patients with preeclampsia and 100 healthy subjects) selected using easy sampling in Fasa Vali-e-Asr Hospital in 2016. The dietary intake was evaluated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the intensity of day-night activities by a physical activity questionnaire. Anthropometric indicators were calculated according to standard guidelines, measurement, and body mass index. Dietary patterns were characterized by a factor analysis and its relationship with preeclampsia was investigated by logistic regression method.

Two unhealthy and healthy dietary patterns were identified among individuals. In the crude model and after adjusting the effect of confounding variables of unhealthy dietary patterns, no significant relationship was observed between dietary pattern and preeclampsia. In the fourth compare to the first quartile of the healthy dietary pattern, the chance of preeclampsia was 0.219 (95% CI: 0.090 - 0.528, P = 0.001) crude model and 0.178 (95% CI: 0.059 - 0.530, P = 0.002) adjusted model.

The findings indicated that choosing a healthy dietary pattern was associated with a reduction in the risk of preeclampsia. Regarding these results, prevention of preeclampsia maybe possible by the healthy diet recommendation. The occurrence of complications in the mother, the fetus, and the baby in the future can also be prevented through the same way.

Nutritional factors affect the incidence, severity of symptoms and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the role of specific nutritional factors remains largely unknown in MS. We conducted this hospital-based case-controlled study to investigate the association between dietary intake and risk of MS. This study was conducted on 93 MS patients and 94 age-matched controls. MS was diagnosed based on 2010 McDonald criteria and Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Dietary intake was assessed by using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of MS was calculated in different food item groups using multiple logistic regression models adjusted for potentially confounding variables and compared between the two groups.  There was no significant difference between age (34.62 ±9.68vs. 33.96±8.75) and BMI (23.96 ±4.07 vs. 24.47 ±4.07) of MS and control group respectively. Higher intake of processed meat (OR (95% CI)) = (2.07(1.18-3.63) and non-processed meat (1.38(1.13-1.68)) was found in the MS group compared with the control.  Higher intake of processed meat and non-processed meat is associated with increased risk of MS. Further studies on the probable role of these nutritional factors in the pathogenesis of MS are suggested.

The aim of this study was calibration of a nitrate (NO3)/nitrite (NO2) database for estimated its dietary intakes. Overall, 250 healthy Tehranian adults were assessed in 2015 for dietary intakes of NO3 and NO2 and its serum and urine concentration. Food composition values for NO3 and NO2 were derived from a recent sur-vey conducted on frequently consumed food items among Iranians. The correlation of dietary intakes of NO3/NO2 and its urinary and serum values was evaluated. Mean (±SD) intakes of dietary NO3 and NO2 were 505±160 and 7.7±2.2 mg/d, respectively. The cor-relation coefficient of intake and urinary NO3 was 0.83 (95% CI=0.56-0.91) and 0.57 (95% CI=0.49-0.67) in men and women, respectively. A moderate agreement was also observed between NO2 intake and its urinary levels (r=0.27, 95% CI=0.13-0.37, and 0.29, 95% CI=0.17-0.41, in men and women, respectively). Using a national database of NO3 and NO2 content of food items along with a valid food frequen-cy questionnaire could provide a valid estimation of dietary intakes of NO3 in the target population.

Diet plays substantial role in the metabolism of many biochemical kidney stone risk factors To evaluate the association of major dietary patterns with risk factors of kidney stone formation among Iranian men. This cross-sectional study conducted on 264 adult men (19-89 years). The usual dietary intake of individuals over 1 year was collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were made and 24-h urine sample was collected. Adjusted binary logistic regressions were conducted to evaluate the associations. The three major dietary patterns identified by factor analysis were healthy, unhealthy and spice-caffeine dietary patterns. After adjustment for potential confounders (age, BMI and energy intake), the odds ratio of hypocitraturia in the second (OR=0.57, CI=0.24-1.39) and third (OR=0.24, CI=0.10-0.56) tertiles and the hypercalciuria in the second (OR= 0.38, CI=0.17-0.87) and third (OR=0.20, CI=0.10-0.46) tertiles of healthy pattern was decreased compared to first tertile. The hypocitraturia in the second (OR=1.14, CI=0.56-2.32) and third (OR=5.14 CI=2.04-12.96) tertiles, the hypercalciuria in the second (OR=0.67, CI=0.35-1.36) and third (OR=4.11, CI=1.77-9.56) tertiles of unhealthy pattern were increased compared to the first tertile. There was no significant relationship between healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns with creatinine, oxalate and uric acid (P>0.05). A higher adherence of the Unhealthy and spice-caffeine dietary patterns, and lower adherence of the Healthy dietary pattern, increases the risk of kidney stone formation in men.

Development of instruments to measure habitual dietary intake in large epidemiological studies has been investigated extensively. A 168-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), originally developed for Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), is used widely in Iranian food and nutrition studies. In addition to measurement errors at data recording and entry, the printed form is time consuming and costly, both financially and environmentally. This technical report develops a Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) program to collect food and nutrition data using the Iranian 168-item FFQ. The U.S. Census Bureau’s CSPro software is used to construct the CAPI application. The application runs on Android phones, tablets, and computers with Microsoft Windows operating systems (OS). The language of the CAPI is Farsi. This easy to use CAPI attempts to reduce time, cost, and human error in nutrition research at national and subnational level.

Up today no validated short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) exists to estimation of nutrition dietary intake of Iranian adults also previous validated Iranians FFQs belongs to specific diseases such as cancer or diabetes or consist of more than 180 questions. We aimed to assess the validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) which consists of 65 questions to study the nutrient intake and dietary pattern therewith cardiovascular disease risk factor in a pilot study.

Thirty individuals, aged 35-65 years completed a short semi-quantitative 65 item FFQ assessing diet over a six-month period, as well as 24 hour dietary recall (24 HR).

Reproducibility in food groups was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients and Inter-class correlation (ICC). Pearson's correlation coefficient varied between 0.05 for legume up to 0.73 for dairy products with a mean 0.51 and likewise for ICC, fluctuated between 0.05 for legume up to 0.73 for grains with a mean 0.5. The mean ICC and Pearson's correlation coefficient for validity in food groups were 0.39 and 0.47. Also, the validity and reproducibility of questionnaire was assessed for nutrients. The mean Pearson correlation coefficient, ICC were assessed sequentially 0.42 and 0.36 for validity in nutrients and reproducibility in nutrients assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficients 0.59 and ICC 0.62 (P

Our results indicated that this questionnaire provides a reasonable measure of macronutrients and micronutrients. However questions which related to consume legumes and protein intake need further investigation and it is recommended that further research with larger population and more 24HR in future.

The contribution of dietary factors to the development and prevention of non-communicable diseases is being increasingly recognized and the worldwide concern about chronic diseases is growing rapidly. Due to lack of a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) encompassing all kinds of foods for Iranians, this cross-sectional study aims to describe the relative validity and reproducibility of the FFQ used for assessing nutrient intakes of Iran urban population. One hundred thirteen subjects aged 20-69 years old from five major cities of Iran participated in this study. Dietary intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative FFQ involving 160 Iranian food items. Participants were asked to complete two FFQs (at the first and fourth months of the study) and three-day food records every month. Two blood and 24-h urine samples were collected at fifth and sixth months. The highest correlation coefficient in all FFQs was for fat (r=0.669; p

Infertility in men is one of the current problems of human society. Some studies suggest that the metabolic status of a man, including cholesterol intake, closely correlates with sperm function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between saturated fat intake and semen quality among men referring to the Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Iran.
This cross‑sectional study was conducted on all men who referred to the Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center. The study population consisted of 120 men selected through simple random sampling. The data collection tool consisted of a two‑part questionnaire including a demographic and anthropometric characteristics form and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The FFQ consists of 168 items that assess food and nutrient intake for 3 months. The reliability and validity of the instruments were confirmed in previous studies. Semen analysis was performed using computer‑aided semen analysis (CASA) method. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression test were used to analyze the data.
Results showed that the chances of having semen volume of higher than 1.5 ml (normal volume) increased by 27.5% for every 1 g increase in total fat (CI: 1.11–1.46) (P = 0.001) and reduced 38% for every 1 g increase in saturated fat (CI: 0.42–0.90, P = 0.010). No association was found between semen quality and intake of dietary fats.
Based on the findings of this study and the prevalence of infertility in recent decades, changes in diet and saturated fatty acids intake may improve semen quality.

Self-reported measures of dietary intake are prone to measurement error that may obscure the relationship of diet and disease. This review addresses strategies to decrease errors during collection of dietary data and statistical approaches to deal with measurement issues once the data are collected. Examples from two US studies-- the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Dietary Modification Trial and the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) have been used.
Approaches to manage biases during the collection of data include home visits to assess actual portion sizes of foods consumed, early detection of random and systematic error, and technology-based tools to capture dietary intake. The discussion of the WHI and HCHS/SOL ancillary studies illustrates appropriate use of calibration and biomarkers. Biomarkers of interest include both recovery (doubly labeled water, urinary nitrogen, sodium, and potassium), and predictive biomarkers such as total sugars. Discussion of blood concentration biomarkers such as folate, tocopherols and carotenoids and novel biomarkers will supplement this review.
Once data are collected, biomarker calibration is an approach to deal with measurement error. Here the discussion of statistical methods includes the development of regression calibration equations that use both biomarkers and self-report measures along with pertinent participant characteristics; and hazard ratios (ratio of incidence rates) based on Cox regression for assessing diet-disease associations with biomarkers. This review concludes with approaches applicable to nutrition research in the context of Iran.

The 24-hour urine sodium excretion is considered the gold standard method to estimate salt intake. However, since this method is not easy to perform, this study developed two instruments, including a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and one spot urine sodium excretion, to assess sodium intake. These two methods were then compared with 24-h urine sodium excretion and twelve 24-h recalls during a year.
This study was performed on 219 healthy subjects aged ≥ 6 years in 2014 & 2015. The FFQ was completed twice, at baseline and one year thereafter, to examine the reproducibility of the FFQ. The validity of three spot urine sodium excretions in the morning, afternoon, and evening and FFQ for the assessment of sodium intake were compared against the 24-h urine sodium excretion method. Moreover, the validity of FFQ was examined against 24-h dietary recalls for the assessment of total sodium consumption and contribution of food groups to sodium intake. The content validity of the FFQ was estimated by an expert panel including 10 nutritionists.
Based on their nutrients, the final food items were categorized into 11 groups including: 1) dairy products, 2) fruits, 3) vegetables, 4) meat and egg, 5) grains and legumes, 6) mixed dishes, prepared foods, and restaurant foods, 8) nuts and seeds, 8) oils and fats, 9) sauces and desserts, 10) drinks, and 11) others.
Spot urine and a specific FFQ comprising 136 items were used to develop a method for the assessment of sodium intake and contribution of foods to its intake among the Iranian population. This method can be used in large-scale population studies at the national level.

We aimed to assess the relationship between major dietary patterns and risk of diabetes type 2 among Iranian adults.
In this population-based case-control study in Mazandaran province, we enrolled 332 subjects (110 newly diagnosed cases and 222 controls) aged 43 – 77 years. Dietary intakes were collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data on demographic, anthropometric, socioeconomic characteristics and other covariates were collected using structured lifestyle questionnaires. Factor analysis was used to identify major dietary patterns. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for risk of type 2 diabetes across quartiles of dietary pattern scores.
Three major dietary patterns were identified, including: “healthy”, “transitional” and “traditional”. A significant direct association was found between the transitional dietary pattern and risk of diabetes type 2 after adjustment of potential confounders (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.0, 4.50; Ptrend = 0.02). The traditional dietary pattern was significantly associated with the increased risk of diabetes type 2 after controlling for confounders (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.03, 4.41; Ptrend = 0.01). There was no significant relationship between healthy dietary pattern and risk of diabetes type 2.
In conclusion, transitional dietary pattern characterized by high consumption of salt, organ meats, dried fruits, poultry, tea, low- fat dairy and other vegetables. Traditional dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of garlic, dough, high- fat dairy, dried fruits, red meats, grains, as well as animal and hydrogenated fats were associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. No significant associations were found between the healthy dietary pattern and risk of diabetes type 2.

It remains controversial if dairy product intake is associated with risk of stroke. Limited information is available from Middle East countries in this regard. This case‑control study was conducted to assess the relationship between dairy consumption and risk of stroke in Iranian adults. In this study, 195 stroke patients (recognized based on clinical findings and computed tomography scan) hospitalized in neurology ward of Alzahra University Hospital were enrolled. Controls (n = 195) were selected with convenience nonrandom sampling procedure from other wards of this hospital. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess participants’ usual dietary intakes. Data on other variables were collected by the use of questionnaires. Patients with stroke were older (P < 0.001), had lower weight and body mass index (P < 0.05) and were more likely to be male (P < 0.05) and less likely to be obese (P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex and total energy intake, Individuals with the highest consumption of low‑fat dairy had a significantly decreased risk of stroke (odds ratio [OR]: 0.58; 95% of confidence interval [CI]: 0.34–0.99), while those with the highest intake of high‑fat dairy had a 2‑fold increased risk of stroke. The association between high‑fat dairy consumption and stroke even persisted after additional adjustments for physical activity, smoking and dietary variables (OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.02–4.02); but the association between low‑fat dairy intake and stroke disappeared after these adjustments (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.44–1.58). We found a significant positive association between high‑fat dairy consumption and risk of stroke. Further prospective studies are required to confirm this finding.

Previous studies on diet have primarily focused on individual nutrients or foods. Recently, the analysis of dietary patterns has emerged as a possible approach for examining food consumption. A literature review revealed no studies of dietary patterns in elderly Iranians. Our objective was to identify the major dietary intake patterns among the elderly in the health homes located in Zone 5 of Tehran city, Iran.Patients and In this cross-sectional study (descriptive), 368 elderly people (≥ 60 years old) were randomly selected. Their usual dietary intake during the past year was assessed using a 168-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Major food patterns were derived using factor analysis after the classification of food items into 26 groups. Four major dietary patterns were identified in the studied population: 1) healthy pattern, characterized by a higher intake of vegetables, tomato and tomato sauce, vegetable oil, olive, and fruits; 2) unhealthy pattern, characterized by a higher intake of red meat, fast food, snacks, sugar, honey and jam, soft drinks, and high-fat dairy products; 3). traditional pattern characterized by intake of whole grains, hydrogenated oil and animal fat, beans, salt, and pickles; and 4) protein-rich pattern, characterized by intake of chicken and poultry, fish, grains, and organ meats. These four major dietary patterns explained 16.3%, 7.5%, 6.7%, and 5.7% of the total variance, respectively. Four major dietary patterns were identified in the present studied population that can be used to provide tangible dietary advice for the elderly.

Dietary assessment is the first step of dietary modification in community-based interventional programs. This study was performed to validate a simple food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) for assessment of selected food items in epidemiological studies with a large sample size as well as community trails. This validation study was carried out on 264 healthy adults aged ≥ 41 years old living in 3 district central of Iran, including Isfahan, Najaf Abad, and Arak. Selected food intakes were assessed using a 48-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The FFQ was interviewer-administered, which was completed twice; at the beginning of the study and 2 weeks thereafter. The validity of this SFFQ was examined compared to estimated amount by single 24 h dietary recall and 2 days dietary record. Validation of the FFQ was determined using Spearman correlation coefficients between daily frequency consumption of food groups as assessed by the FFQ and the qualitative amount of daily food groups intake accessed by dietary reference method was applied to evaluate validity. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to determine the reproducibility. Spearman correlation coefficient between the estimated amount of food groups intake by examined and reference methods ranged from 0.105 (P = 0.378) in pickles to 0.48 (P < 0.001) in plant protein. ICC for reproducibility of FFQ were between 0.47-0.69 in different food groups (P < 0.001). The designed SFFQ has a good relative validity and reproducibility for assessment of selected food groups intake. Thus, it can serve as a valid tool in epidemiological studies and clinical trial with large participants.