جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Food Security » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Estimating the prevalence of food insecurity among vulnerable sub‑groups, especially pregnant women, is significant. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women and to determine its related factors.

This study constitutes a systematic review and meta‑analysis of cross‑sectional studies involving pregnant women, published between January 2000 and September 2022, in English and Persian on seven databases. Finally, 14 studies were analyzed and synthesized, with the results presented in the form of forest plots. Heterogeneity was investigated using the I2 index and the meta‑regression to evaluate variables suspected of causing heterogeneity. Statistical analysis and synthesis were performed using Stata‑16.

The pooled prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women was 45% (95% confidence interval: 37–54%). In a multi‑variable meta‑regression model, p </em>values were significant for the year of data collection and the type of the questionnaire. The adjusted I2 and R2 indices were estimated at 84.47 and 51.46%, respectively. The prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women has been estimated at half a million.

Given the high prevalence of food insecurity among pregnant women in Iran, we propose the inclusion of food insecurity screening for this vulnerable demographic within the primary healthcare package. Additionally, we advocate for the allocation of food subsidies to pregnant women confronting food insecurity.

Gunungkidul, one of the districts in the special region of Yogyakarta – Indonesia, was reported to have a significant number of food-insecure villages. However, it conserved various forgotten protein-source food as a regional heritage delicacy. This study aims to evaluate the contribution of forgotten foods (edible insects, aquatic animals, indigenous plants) to support food security among poor households in Gunungkidul district, Indonesia.

Food security status was evaluated according to the method by Maxwell. The characteristics of socio-economic households, food consumption behaviour, nutritional status of children under five, and health status of mothers and children among the targets were also assessed through an interview using a structured coded questionnaire. The food consumption pattern was analyzed by using food recall 2 x 24 hours and a semi food frequency questionnaire. This study involved 240 poor households below the poverty line, mainly farmers (60%).

This study revealed that 48% of households were food-insecure, 39% were food-vulnerable, 8% were less food-secure, and 5% were food-secure. Aquatic animals and edible insects contributed as many as 22 making up for 1% of daily protein needs, respectively. A preference shifting on those forgotten foods seems to become one barrier to this contribution.

The forgotten foods might be an alternative to a future challenge in supporting human well-being. In this case, aquatic animals and edible insects are considered as future protein sources.

Sanctions against a country could be a shock to the country's economy for a specific period. Iran has been subject to various sanctions for the past 40 years, and these sanctions have intensified since 2011. Unprecedented sanctions were imposed on Iranians after the United States withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) agreement, and a disastrous economic situation was the outcome of this international issue. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of this situation on weight gain of pregnant mothers and birth weight as well as food security of their families.

The data of pregnant women and newborns were extracted from Sina Electronic Health System (SinaEHR®) questionnaires. These questionnaires were completed by trained healthcare workers in comprehensive health service centers. The data of 266,182 pregnant women were collected through questionnaires from 19 comprehensive health centers related to Razavi Khorasan province and were prepared for statistical analysis. Then, data analysis was done using the statistical method of Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) by SPSS software.

Examining the data of 266,182 pregnant mothers during the sanctions period of 2017 to 2020 in Iran shows that the weight gain of pregnant mothers (P<0.001) and the birth weight of the newborns (P<0.047) have decreased significantly.

According to the results, there has been a significant reduction in the two variables of weight gain in pregnant women and newborns’ birth weight, which confirms the debilitative effects of sanctions on these important outcomes.

Food security has always been emphasized as a primary goal of sustainable development policies. Events, such as the COVID-19 outbreak, climate change, wars, and unjust (cruel) sanctions against countries threaten global food security. Therefore, considering the importance of nutrition and food consumption in budget planning and household shopping, we indirectly examined the cost of providing an optimal food basket for the Iranian community, in total and by separating its components based on the average price of selected food items in urban areas from year 1399-1401 in the Solar Hijri calendar (2020 to 2022).

In this cross-sectional costing study, the country’s desired food basket was used as a reference for cost measurement of an acceptable food basket, and information on food prices and household expenses was obtained from the Statistical Center of Iran and the Central Bank. The cost of providing an optimal food basket for the Iranian community, in total and for each component, was calculated for an individual and a family of four. After extracting the cost information of providing an optimalfood basket in these three years, the data were compared and analyzed to study the trend.

Based on the costs of providing an optimal household basket, the average food cost for a family of four in 1399 (2020-2021) was about 3.2 million Tomans, which increased by 27% to 4.365 million Tomans in 1400 (2021-2022), and in 1401 (October 2022), it reached 6.785 million Tomans, a 35% increase compared to 1400 (2021-2022).

It is suggested to support vulnerable groups and target subsidies according to different income levels. The salaries and wages should be revised in line with inflation food prices and household expenses, and also policymakers and planners are suggested to monitor the prices

Food insecurity is an important global challenge associated with various health problems such as diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases and is considered priority in Iran’s health system. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between food insecurity and type 2 dibetes mellitus (T2DM) in Iran.

The authors searched English databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar and also Iranian databasesof SID and Magiran for the words food insecurity, Iran, and diabetes up to November 2021.

8 articles, including 2853 participants, ranging from 148 to 440 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) of the cross-sectional  and  case-control studies revealed that household food insecurity was significantly associated with the odds of diabetes (OR=2.04; 95% CI: 1.34- 3.09) and there was no evidence for publication bias (Egger’s test, P = 0.59); however, heterogeneity between studies (I2=85.9%) was observed. Similarly, according to subgroup analyses based on age, there was a significant association between household food insecurity and diabetes among the people under 50 years (OR= 2.9; 95% CI: 2.13-3.93; I2 = 56.4%, P=0.057), but not among people over 50 years (OR=1.32; 95% CI: 0.69-2.52; I2 = 78.3%, P=0.032) or between 30 and 65 years (OR=0.85; 95% CI: 0.49-1.48).

This study shows that food insecurity affects the progression of type 2 DM. However, more longitudinal studies are needed for better identification of the link between food insecurity and T2DM.

Food insecurity (FI) is a public health issue which is receiving increasing attention in many countries. In responding to sustainable development goals, achieving food security is of essential importance. This study aims to demonstrate the level of food insecurity among postgraduate students at Jerash University/Jordan, discuss the most important factors associated with it, and show its relation to the student's academic performance.

A random sample of 126 postgraduate students has been interviewed in this cross-sectional study. The level of FI for the study sample was determined using the 10-item US Adult Household Food Security Scale Module (HFSSM). The association between students’ characteristics and their food security (FS) level was analyzed through chi-square test and a multivariate regression method.

The results of the study revealed that 67% had marginal or fragile food security level, 25% were highly food secure, and 8% of the sample suffered from food insecurity. The results showed that the association between food security and students' gender and age was insignificant (P > 0.05). As for the rest of the associated characteristics, there was a significant relationship between the students' food security and their marital status, family size, stable-income work, and their monthly income.

A percentage of postgraduate students suffer from food insecurity, which is an important obstacle to their academic progress. Moreover, the level of food security is related to the student's marital status, family size, job with stable income, and the amount of monthly income.

Today, the world is facing the problems of population growth, urbanization, increasing need for food, depletion of water resources, and environmental degradation. Therefore, the present study investigates the impact of urban agriculture on food security.

Search engines including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Google scholar, Magiran, and scientific information database (SID) were applied with keywords such as population growth, food security, sustainable development, urban agriculture, food system to find related articles published up to 2022.

The impact of urban agriculture on food security can be seen through several factors such as nutritional stability, food availability, affordable food supply, and revenue generation through sales.

Urban agriculture refers to production of food products in urban environment, where food is produced on rooftops, backyards, gardens, or in public open spaces. This work proposes new opportunities for sustainable development and urban management to make significant changes in living environment, health and land management. Furthermore, this research provides the poor in the city a chance to achieve food security by reducing household food costs

Food security and productivity are very important variables that affect social welfare and production level. Since a large proportion of employees in Semirom are engaged in apple gardening, this study aims to investigate the effect of increasing the productivity of all factors of apple production in improving the level of food security in Semirom city.

In order to answer the research questions, using Cochran's formula, 139 gardeners were selected and the required data were collected through interviews and completing a questionnaire by cluster sampling in 2020. First, the productivity of all factors of production and the level of food security of the surveyed households were measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access (HFIA) index.

The results of this analysis showed that gardeners are not in a good food security situation. Then, using Shazam software and estimating the coefficients of the variables in the logit model, the relationship between productivity and food security was investigated. The results showed that productivity had a positive and significant effect on food security of the studied farmers. Based on the final effect, the variables of productivity, income, and savings had the greatest effect on food security of the farmers. In order to create more employment and increase income for gardeners and their families, apple-related processing industries should be established.

The results of the study showed that apple gardeners of Semirom do not have good food security. It is recommended that younger people be educated by experienced farmers in the region.

 Due to the increased price of foods in recent years and the diminished food security in Iran, nutrition recommender systems can suggest the most suitable and affordable foods and diets to users based on their health status and food preferences.

 The present study aimed to design and evaluate a recommender system to suggest healthy and affordable meals and provide a tele-nutrition consulting service.

 This applied three-phase study was conducted in 2020. In the first stage, the food items’ daily prices were extracted from credible sources, and accordingly, meals were placed in three price categories. After conducting a systematic review of similar systems, the requirements and data elements were specified and confirmed by 10 nutritionists and 10 health information management and medical informatics experts. In the second phase, the software was designed and developed based on the findings. In the third phase, system usability was evaluated by four experts based on Nielsen’s heuristic evaluation.

 Initially, 72 meals complying with nutritional principles were placed in three price categories. Following a literature review and expert survey, 31 data elements were specified for the system, and the experts confirmed system requirements. Based on the information collected in the previous stage, the Web-based software TanSa in the Persian language was designed, developed, and presented on a unique domain. During the evaluation, the mean severity of the problems associated with Nielsen’s 10 principles was 1.2, which is regarded as minor.

 To promote food security, the designed system recommends healthy, nutritional, and affordable meals to individuals and households based on user characteristics.

Background  This review was conducted to identify the impact of economic sanctions on household food and nutrition security and policies to cope with them in countries exposed to sanctions.Methods  The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines 2020 were used to identify, select, appraise, and synthesize studies. Electronic databases in addition to Persian ones have been systematically searched for all related documents published until March 2022. Exclusion criteria were: lack of data related to food insecurity in countries subject to sanction and very low quality of the article. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal checklists. The results were presented as qualitative and quantitative syntheses.Results  Of 1428 identified studies, 36 publications remained in the review, which belong to Iran (n = 8), Cuba (n = 8), Russia (n = 7), Iraq (n = 7), and Haiti (n = 6), respectively. Declining gross domestic product (GDP), devaluation of the national currency, and the quality of food, increase in inflation, unemployment, and consumer prices, infant and under 5 years mortality, energy, and protein deficiency, and the poverty rate were reported as sanction consequences. The most important strategies to improve food security were the humanitarian assistance provided by the international community (Haiti), equity and priority for vulnerable groups mainly by expanding the healthcare system (Cuba), adopting a food ration system in the oil-for-food program, and fixing the price of food baskets (Iraq), import substitution and self-sufficiency (Russia), support domestic production, direct and indirect support and compensation packages for vulnerable households (the approach of resistance economy in Iran).Conclusion  Due to the heterogeneity of studies, meta-analysis was not possible. Since inadequate physical and economic food access caused by sanctions affects especially disadvantaged and vulnerable groups, planning to improve food security and providing support packages for these groups seems necessary.

Potential resilient foods which help reduce hunger are converting the ~998 million tons of agricultural residue generated each year into human edible food. Although it is possible to extract Leaf Protein Concentrate (LPC) from agricultural residues, it is not widely practiced because both toxicity and yields of the protein concentrates have not been widely investigated in the most common agricultural residues.

To fill this knowledge gap, this study uses high-resolution mass spectrometry and an open-source toolchain for non-targeted screening of toxins of nine agricultural plant residues in October 2021; it included seven agricultural residues: corn/maize, wheat, barley, alfalfa, yellow pea, sunflower, canola/rapeseed, and two weeds/agricultural residues of kochia, and round leaf mallow.

The average yield ranged from about 7 to 14.5% for the nine LPCs investigated. According to the results, yellow pea, round leaf mallow, and canola are recommended for further investigation and scaling as they appear to be fit for human consumption based on the lack of dangerous toxins found in the analysis performed in this study.

All the compounds identified in these samples have either been approved by international regulatory boards for safe consumption or are known to be present in common beverages. The other agricultural residues require additional quantification of the toxins identified as it will determine the actual risk for human consumption. Overall, the potential for LPC to provide more needed calories from existing agricultural practices is extremely promising, but substantial amount of future work is needed to screen LPCs in all the agricultural residues depending on harvesting, handling, and storage conditions.

Cash transfer (CT) is one of the strategies used by many developing countries to improve food security and nutritional status of lower socio-economic groups. This study aims to assessing household food insecurity (HFI) and viewpoints of women after CT program in rural population of Tehran province by both quantitative and qualitative methods.

After making arrangements with rural health centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, 250 households were selected from five rural of Iran with different socio-economic status (SES) by cluster sampling. Locally adapted Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), food frequency, and SES questionnaires were completed, and height, weight, and waist circumference of adult females were measured. .Data on families' coping strategies were collected through 7 focus-group discussions.  

The frequency of mild, moderate, and severe HFI was 22.3, 22.3, and 16.0%, respectively. SES negatively affected HFI (P<0.001), and HFI negatively influenced food-group consumption (P<0.001). Most of the women reported strategies like borrowing from family and friends, skipping meals, and eating less food by mothers.

It seems that in spite of CT program, the prevalence of HFI among Iranians in rural areas was relatively high and consumption of food groups in FI households was low.

The deteriorating food safety and security situation of many Iranian families, primarily due to economic challenges, has raised concerns. Education programs can solve these issues in a cost-efficient way. The current study aimed to determine the impact of an extensive education program focusing on food safety and nutrition among low-income women who are the heads of households covered by the welfare system in Zanjan City.

A total of 120 women who scored the highest levels of food insecurity were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group attended in six 1.5-h educational sessions focusing on improving diet quality, food security, food safety, and physical activity. Both groups filled out a researcher-designed and validated questionnaire at the beginning of the study and one month after the intervention.

The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in scores related to diet quality, food security, and physical activity. However, no significant difference was observed in the food safety score. In contrast, in the control group, there were no notable changes in the scores of the studied factors.

The findings indicate that a comprehensive food and nutrition education program can effectively enhance the nutritional habits and food security of low-income individuals.

Dietary diversity indicates diet quality and can be linked to health and nutritional outcomes. Minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) is a proxy indicator for food security and micronutrients in diets of women aged 15-49. This study assessed dietary diversity and its determinants among semi-urban Bangladeshi women of reproductive age in Cumilla District. In a cross-sectional survey, 391 households (372 estimated sample size) were randomly enrolled. A semi-structured questionnaire collected demographic, socioeconomic, and dietary data. Within each household, a married woman (15-49 years) provided the data on nutrition knowledge and dietary practices. Dietary quality was assessed using the minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W). The average MDD-W score was 5.2±1.9. About 56.5% of women fulfilled adequate MDD-W. Regression analysis showed that the monthly household income and having knowledge about a balanced diet were the determinants of MDD-W. Women in households that had a monthly income of BDT 10,000 to 20,000 were 75% less likely (aOR 0⋅25, CI 0⋅11, 0⋅61) to meet the MDD-W than the households that had a monthly income more than BDT 30,000, while women who had knowledge about a balanced diet were 1.57 times more likely (aOR 1.57, CI 1.02, 2.44) of achieving the MDD-W than who had no knowledge about a balanced diet. It was shown that having knowledge about a balanced diet and higher household income increases the MDD-W.

Chaya is a drought tolerant, fast growing, perennial and nutritionally rich leaf. Its nutritional values vary depending on the environment and agronomic practices.

Proximate compositions, minerals, and phytochemicals analysis of the newly introduced Chaya leaf grown at Dire Dawa (arid land), Ethiopia, were determined using official standard methods.

 Moisture content, protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, and carbohydrate were 5.63, 23.96, 8.98, 2.87, 9.05, and 49.49%, respectively. In addition, the energy content of leaf was found 374.62 kcal/100g. Mean values of each mineral such as calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were 253.68, 68.02, and 4.85 mg/100g, respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed that phenols, tannin and hydrogen cyanide contents of Chaya leaf were 1916.66, 176.53, and 102.00 mg/100g, respectively.

Proximate composition, minerals, and phytochemicals make the plant valuable and a health promoting diet for communities settled in dry areas of the country. Therefore, Chaya has the potential to contribute to food and nutrition security, and health for the community suffering from malnutrition in drought prone areas.

COVID-19 ushered in a new era of devastating economic and social conditions and sustainable food chains around the world. One of the most vulnerable groups in this situation was the elderly. This study aims to investigate the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security of the elderly living in Isfahan, Iran.

Written informed consent was obtained from 350 old people before entering the study. Data were collected using socioeconomic status and FaCPS-FSSM food security questionnaires; there were eight items which measured food security among the elderly.

41.7% (n=146) of the elderly had complete food security. In addition, 29.4% (n=103), 20% (n=70), and 8.9% (n=31) of participants suffered from food insecurity without hunger, food insecurity with moderate hunger, and food insecurity with severe hunger, respectively. There was a significant association between socioeconomic factors, such as age, education level, family size, the number of children and food security (P<0.001). Meanwhile, variables of gender, ethnicity, the total number of children, and marital status were not significantly associated with food security (P>0.001). In addition, there was a significant association between economic factors such as employment status, homeownership, having health insurance, receiving food aid, being supported by philanthropic organizations, and food security (P<0.001).

Considering the high prevalence of food insecurity among the elderly, special attention should be paid to factors contributing to this issue; they should be translated into improved food security for the elderly by removing risk factors and strengthening protective factors.

In 2010, Iran became the first major oil-exporting country to reduce substantially implicit energy subsidies by increasing domestic energy and agricultural prices by up to 20 times. The current research aims to evaluate the profound impact of the countywide implementation of this targeted subsidy reform (TSR) on the consumption patterns of households in Iran, specifically in relation to the consumption of healthy food commodities.

This study employed a robust approach to examine the impact of the TSR on household food consumption, as a natural experiment, using pooled cross-section data from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) spanning the years 1992 to 2019. The analysis was based on a comprehensive interpretation of survey data, which served as the primary source for analysis. The estimation procedure utilized an interrupted time series (ITS) model to capture the parameters associated with food consumption.

The findings revealed a substantial increase in household expenditures on food immediately following the policy intervention, with an impressive rise of 823 thousand Rials (equivalent to approximately $6.36 based on the floating exchange rate in 2019). Furthermore, the results strongly indicate a significant annual upward trend in total monthly food expenditures per adult person, surpassing the pre-intervention trend by 441 thousand Rials (approximately $3.40) (P=0.044, CI=[12.86, 1016.81]). Moreover, the implementation of the policy led to an annual per capita increase in fruit consumption by 1.02 grams per day (P=0.225, CI=[- 0.68; 2.72]).

This study shows that the initial positive effects of the TSR have gradually been eroded by inflation in subsequent years. This experience can serve as a lesson for all countries that TSR should be accompanied by other measures, such as poverty alleviation interventions, in order to achieve desired long-term results.