جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « General Anxiety Disorder » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The main characteristic of General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is anxiety and worry about several events. About 25% of individuals referring to anxiety disorder treatment clinics and almost 12% of patients referring to psychiatric clinics suffer from GAD. It is a risk factor for various psychiatric disorders, especially depression and alcohol abuse; the diagnosis and treatment of such faulty loops are associated with a significant preoccupation. GAD is among the most prevalent anxiety disorders in the general population and clinical groups. Considering the importance of GAD, this study aimed to determine the effects of self–encouraging education on psychological hardiness and social development in students with GAD.

This study was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included all 13– to 15–year–old girls in the ninth district of Tehran City, Iran, in the academic year of 2018–2019. Thirty girls diagnosed with GAD (by a specialist and according to the diagnostic criteria for GAD based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–V) with a score higher than the cutoff score in the GAD–7 scale who have met the inclusion criteria of the study were selected, as the study participants. They were then randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n=15) and a control group (n=15). The inclusion criteria were having GAD, being 13 to 15 years old, and receiving no other medical and psychological treatments. Also, the exclusion criteria included the presence of organic and mental disorders or psychotic disorders, not regularly participating in educational classes, not doing homework, and not completing questionnaires. To collect the required data, before and after the training, they completed the Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire (Kiamarsy et al., 1998) and Social Development Scale (Keramati, 2003). Then, eight 60–minute sessions of educational intervention were held for the experimental group; however, the controls received no training. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 22 by the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) at a significance level of 0.01.

The results showed that in the posttest, the mean scores of the variables of psychological hardiness (competition, control, and commitment) (p<0.001) and social development (p<0.001) of the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group.

Based on the research results, self–encouraging training effectively improves the psychological hardiness and social development of students with GAD.

The main aim of the present study was investigating the effect of metacognitive therapy based on mindfulness on negative emotion regulation strategies and emotional processing in people with general anxiety disorder.

Materials & Methods:

This was a semi-experimental research and in this research project, 30 person with general anxiety disorder were selected from Tehran Nedaye Aramesh Ravan clinic’s clients using purposeful sampling. All subjects, in two experimental and control groups, were evaluated before and after treatment by Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Emotional Processing Scale. Subjects in experimental group received 8 session of metacognitive therapy based on mindfulness. After completion of treatment, all subjects were retested. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA).

The results showed that there is a significant difference between experimental and control group in improving the negative emotion regulation strategies and emotional processing (P≤0/0005).

The results of this study showed that metacognitive therapy based on mindfulness can decrease negative emotion regulation strategies and emotional processing in people with general anxiety disorder.

Studies have shown that cognitive emotion regulation and the type of coping strategy are among the factors that are effective in coping with stress and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotion regulation and coping strategies for patients with generalized anxiety disorder

The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with generalized anxiety disorder aged 13 to 15 years referring to Psychology and Counseling Centers in Tehran in 2017. From this papulation, 30 patients were selected using purposeful sampling and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (15 in each group). The experimental group received acceptance and commitment treatment for 8 sessions and the control group did not receive this intervention. Research data were collected using Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003) and coping styles (Jarvis, 1993). Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy had a significant effect on the emotion regulation components and coping styles of the experimental group (P <0.01). Also, the effect size of the cognitive emotion regulation variable was 49%, repression 53%, problem solving factor 79%, and emotion regulation factor 83%.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the commitment and acceptance treatment method teaches people how to deal with events purposefully, effectively and efficiently, and thus helps them to better understand their capacities and abilities to respond and to employ better ways to overcome stressful situations.

Psychological inflexibility, as a new theoretical model for psychopathology, has been related with a range of psychological issues. Therefore, this study was conducted with aim explaining of general anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder and major depression disorder based on psychopathological model of acceptance and commitment therapy.

This is a descriptive-correlational study. Study population comprised of all college students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences during academic year 2017-18. 408 students were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The required information was collected by demographic characteristics questionnaire, social anxiety disorder scale (SPIN), general anxiety scale (GAD-7), beck depression inventory-second edition (BDI-II), and comprehensive assessment of acceptance and commitment therapy processes) compACT). Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and structural equation technique were utilized to analyze the data.

The results of structural equation modeling showed that the cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance pathway to social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder; and the pathway of attachment to conceptualized self and dominance of past and future to generalized anxiety disorder are meaningful at the level of p<0/01. However, the component of lack of values and committed actions has no meaningful pathway and eliminated from final model.

The present study with identification of psychopathological processes of acceptance and commitment therapy among emotional disorders, supports dimensional approach to diagnosis and therapy.

General anxiety disorder is one of the serious problems in mental health. The main aim of the present study was investigating the effect of tDCS on experiential avoidance and worry of people with general anxiety disorder.

In study, 30 person with general anxiety disorder were selected from Tehran clinic’s clients using purposeful sampling. All subjects were evaluated before and after treatment by Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQII) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Subjects randomly were divided into experimental and control groups. Subjects in experimental group received tDCS. Training sessions were conducted for 15 days, each day one session 20 minutes in F3/F4 with an intensity of 2 mA.

Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that there is a significant difference between experimental and control group in improving the experiential avoidance and worry (P=0.001).

The results of this study showed that tDCS can improve experiential avoidance and worry in people with general anxiety disorder.

  Many people with generalized anxiety disorder have emotional schemas that are experiencing negative thoughts such as rumination, inhibition, cognitive avoidance of excitement and persistence of anxiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on behavioral inhibition and cognitive behavioral avoidance in women with generalized anxiety disorder.

This study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest design of post-test and control group. The statistical population of this study was all women with generalized anxiety disorder referring to counseling and psychology services centers in district 4 in Tehran during the period of December 2017 to May 2018, which included 32 people with generalized anxiety disorder who referred to the above centers The goal-based sampling method was selected and tested in two groups of 16 people. Data were collected by using behavioral inhibition and cognitive-behavioral avoidance measures questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS v.22 analysis using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA). The results of data analysis showed that acceptance and commitment therapy had a significant effect on behavioral inhibition and cognitive-behavioral avoidance components of women with general anxiety disorder in the experimental group compared to the control group (P <0.001). The results of this study clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on reducing behavioral inhibition and cognitive behavioral avoidance in women with generalized anxiety disorder. According to these findings, the use of this inexpensive, simple and practical treatment can provide a basis for promoting psychological well-being, adjustment of excitement and proper function in interpersonal relationships.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is one of the most common psychological disorders characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry and it has ahigh comorbidity with other anxiety disorders and depression. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of metacognitive therapy (MCT), pharmacotherapy and neurofeedback treatment in treating Iranian patients with GAD.
Methods and Materials: 42 outpatients meeting DSM-5 criteria for GAD who had been referred to Sohravardi clinical psychology and psychiatry center in the city of Zanjan were chosen on the basis of convenient sampling and were randomly assigned into three treatment groups: metacognitive therapy (n=14), pharmacotherapy (n=14) and neurofeedback treatment (n=14). All patients in each group were treated for 8 weeks. The General Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) was administered blindly Pre and Post intervention.Alpha brain waves in the occipital area (O1 and O2) using neurofeedback (pro-comp-5) were registered Pretest and Posttest. Throughout the research, 36 patients remained in the study while 6 patients forfeited. The results were analyzed using ANCOVA, ANOVA, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, ANOVA with repeated measures and post hoc test. The ANCOVA and post hoc results showed that neurofeedback, MCT and pharmacotherapy led to significant improvements in GAD-7. Also regarding alpha amplitude enhancement, the results indicated that neurofeedback led to a more significant increase when compared to MCT and pharmacotherapy. It seems that neurofeedback is more effective than MCT and pharmacotherapy for the treatment of GAD and the results of this study confirm the effectiveness of O1-O2 protocol (alpha brain wave amplitude increase) in GAD symptoms severity improvement.