جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Genomic analysis » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Acinetobacter baumannii is a common global source of infections linked to healthcare that have a high morbidity and fatality rate. Due to the fast emergence of multidrug-resistant and very drugresistant strains of A. baumannii, the therapeutic management of these infections has become much more challenging. Therefore, the creation of innovative intervention techniques is desperately needed to counteract this infection, which is resistant to several drugs. One of the best medical treatments for infection management is vaccination, which also has the potential to prevent A. baumannii from developing multidrug resistance. Here, we focused on the three most crucial preclinical vaccine development steps: immunological correlates of protection, antigen selection, and model organisms for effectiveness assessment. We also highlighted current developments and future obstacles in the production of A. baumannii vaccines.

Neutrophils have gained significant interest in recent years due to their ability to promote malignancy. A high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is seen as a prognostic marker for cancer patients. Neutrophils are now recognized as immunological cells of the innate immune system that have several functions and are actively involved in the pathological process of cancer, rather than being just spectators. Their wide range of variations and adaptability are becoming more and more acknowledged. This review provides a concise overview of prior research investigating the functions and processes of neutrophils in the onset, advancement, spread, and recurrence of cancer. We provide a general overview of many studies that examine the characteristics and roles of neutrophils associated with tumors. Additionally, we discuss the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, which are web-like structures produced by neutrophils that contribute to the advancement of cancer. Furthermore, we explore the interactions between neutrophils and the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, several focused research on therapeutic neutrophils have achieved notable advancements and shown promising approaches for cancer therapy.

Autoimmune disorders are complex conditions that result from a combination of genetic and environmental causes and currently have no recognized therapy. Various therapeutic strategies may be used in various illnesses to promote remission or, at the very least, alleviate the symptoms. For customized therapy to be implemented, it is necessary to identify groups of individuals who are generally similar and share pathogenic signaling pathways. Therefore, research about autoimmune disorders mainly focuses on identifying new biomarkers, uncovering novel targets for therapy and agents, and understanding the processes involved in developing various disorders. We are just at the nascent phase of implementing tailored therapy for autoimmune illnesses. Hence, this research delved into the examination of several autoimmune illnesses and the impact of personalized therapy on their progression.

Isolation, identification and selection of the best Lactobacillus with probiotic activity from local dairy products of Gilan province. In this study, 30 isolates obtained from local dairy products in rural areas of Gilan were identified microbiologically and biochemically. The probiotic characteristics of the strains were determined and antagonistic activity of the extract of Lactobacillus isolates against five pathogenic bacteria by the well method in agar, and antibiogram by the disk diffusion method and finally the isolates were identified based on the 16SrRNA sequence. Among the isolates, four strains with the best results in terms of probiotic performance were identified. In the investigation of antimicrobial activity, the isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Uropathogenic Escherichia coli, but they had no significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Bacillus cereus. Antibiogram results showed that all four strains were resistant to vancomycin and gentamicin but sensitive to ampicillin. None of the isolates showed hemolytic activity. Only two strains showed a clear band in the genomic analysis of 16srRNA by PCR method. The affinity of the strains indicated Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus. The extract of these two strains without neutralization and catalase enzyme showed the best activity against common pathogenic bacteria. According to the available results, our strain can be used as a suitable candidate as a supplement in the prevention and biological treatment of some clinical cases in laboratory and in vivo conditions with further research.

Bacteriophages are bacterial parasites. Unlike lytic bacteriophages, lysogenic bacteriophages do not multiply immediately after entering the host cells and may integrate their genomes into the bacterial genomes as prophages. Prophages can include various phenotypic and genotypic effects on the host bacteria. Enterococcus spp. are Gram-positive bacteria that cause infections in humans and animals. In recent decades, these bacteria have become resistant to various antimicrobials, including vancomycin. The aim of this study was to analyze genome of an enterococcal prophage.

In this study, Enterococcus faecium EntfacYE was isolated from biological samples and its genome was analyzed using next-generation sequencing method.

Overall, 254 prophage genes were identified in the bacterial genome. The prophage included 39 housekeeping, 41 replication and regulation, 80 structural and packaging, and 48 lysis genes. Moreover, 46 genes with unknown functions were identified. All genes were annotated in DNA Data Bank of Japan.

In general, most prophage genes were linked to packaging and structure (31.5%) gene group. However, genes with unknown functions included a high proportion (18.11%), which indicated necessity of further analyses. Genomic analysis of the prophages can be effective in better understanding of their roles in development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Moreover, identification and study of prophages can help researchers develop genetic engineering tools and novel infection therapies.