جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Geographic information system » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »
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Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development, Volume:9 Issue: 2, Jun 2024, PP 2239 -2248Introduction
This study aimed to determine nitrate levels in water wells supplying drinking water in Taft city, Iran, and assess the associated health risks using the method proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency.
Materials and MethodsIn 2021, the average annual nitrate levels were determined in 48 drinking water wells which were located in Zone 39 (Taft city). Health risk assessment and sensitivity analysis were conducted to identify the most influential variables.
ResultsThe mean nitrate content in the water wells under study was 32.88 ± 18 mg/L. Out of the 48 examined water wells, 10 had nitrate levels higher than the standard value (50 mg/L) established by the Iranian Institute of Standardization (Standard No. 1053) and WHO. The calculated Hazard Quotient (HQ) for children and adolescents was greater than 1, while it was less than 1 for adults. Nitrate concentration in drinking water was found to be the most important influencing variable in the calculated HQ for children and adolescents.
ConclusionThe results indicated that children and adolescents’ health in the studied area is at risk, and appropriate measures must be implemented to avoid and control the exposure of these vulnerable groups; they can be continuous monitoring of nitrate levels using on-site treatment methods where nitrate concentrations exceed the standard level, and decommissioning wells with high nitrate levels.
Keywords: Health Risk Assessment, Nitrate, Ground Water, Geographic Information System, Taft City} -
مقدمه
با شروع و گسترش پاندمی COVID-19 کشورهای مختلف به منظور کنترل بیماری برنامه های مداخله ای مختلفی را به اجرا گذاشتند. ارایه اطلاعات مرتبط با نحوه انتشار بیماری و عوامل خطر مکانی می تواند، سیاست گذاران و مدیران را در کنترل بیماری کمک کند. این مطالعه با هدف تحلیل عوامل مکانی بیماری کووید-19 در استان همدان انجام شد.
مواد و روش کارمطالعه حاضر به صورت گروهی و با طرح اکولوژیک اجرا شد. کلیه موارد کووید-19 در استان همدان از ابتدای شروع اپیدمی تا پایان سال 1399 با تشخیص قطعی بیماری کووید-19 بر اساس آزمایش PCR وارد مطالعه شدند. اطلاعات مورد نیاز از طریق سامانه ثبت موارد کووید-19 در استان همدان و سایر موسسات و سازمان های استانی و مرکز آمار ایران جمع آوری شد. تحلیل های آماری در دو بخش توصیفی و تحلیلی صورت گرفت. برای نمایش توزیع موارد بیماری و جهت تجزیه و تحلیل نقاط داغ (Hot Spots) از آماره Getis-Ord G استفاده شد.
یافته هایافته ها حاکی از آن بود که در مجموع 25197 بیمار مشکوک به کووید-19 که 10366 نفر از آنها بر اساس نتایج آزمایش PCR مثبت قطعی بودند، وارد مطالعه شدند. 1510 نفر از موارد مثبت قطعی بیماری دچار مرگ شدند. شهرستان تویسرکان با 1756 مورد در 100 هزار نفر دارای بیش ترین و شهرستان درگزین با 1126 مورد در 100 هزار نفر دارای کم ترین میزان بروز موارد مشکوک بیماری از ابتدای شروع اپیدمی تا پایان سال 1399 بوده اند. تراکم جمعیت، میزان اشتغال، میزان توسعه یافتگی، میزان بی سوادی، فاصله از مرکز استان، متوسط دمای هوا، تعداد روزهای یخبندان، متوسط رطوبت هوا با میزان بروز موارد مثبت کووید-19 در استان همدان ارتباط معنی دار نشان دادند.
نتیجه گیریبراساس نتایج این مطالعه، مهم ترین متغیرهای مرتبط با افزایش مرگ کووید-19 شامل افزایش تراکم جمعیت و میزان توسعه یافتگی بودند. عوامل محیطی و موقعیت جغرافیایی شهرستان های استان در تعیین میزان بروز و مرگ و میر ناشی از بیماری موثر بوده اند. تهیه نقشه های خطر با استفاده از GIS، می تواند به برنامه ریزی پاسخ سریع به اپیدمی COVID-19، تمرکز برنامه های پیشگیری در مناطق پرخطر و ابداع راهبرد های لازم متناسب با روند اپیدمی برای کنترل COVID-19 و همه گیری های مشابه در آینده کمک کند.
کلید واژگان: کووید-19, سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیائی, تحلیل مکانی, همدان}Payesh, Volume:23 Issue: 2, 2024, PP 271 -287Objective (s)With the spread of COVID-19 pandemic, different countries have implemented various intervention to control the disease. Providing information on how the disease spreads and local risk factors can help policymakers and managers to control the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial factors of Covid-19 disease in Hamadan province, Iran.
MethodsAll cases of Covid-19 in Hamadan province from the beginning of the epidemic (Jan 2020) to the end of March 2021 with a confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19 disease based on PCR test were included in the study. The required information was collected through the Covid-19 case registration system in Hamadan University of medical science, other provincial institutions and the Statistics Center of Iran. Statistical analyzes were performed in two parts: descriptive and analytical. Zoning maps were used to show the distribution of disease cases. Getis-Ord G statistic was used in the analytical analysis to analyze the hot spots.
ResultsA total of 25197 patients suspected of Covid-19 were studied. Of these 10366 were positive based on PCR test. There were 1510 confirmed positive cases of the disease who died during the period of investigation. Population density, employment rate, development index, illiteracy rate, distance from the provincial center, air temperature, number of frosty days, average air humidity showed a significant relationship with the incidence of positive cases of Covid-19 in Hamadan province.
ConclusionBased on the findings, the most important variables related to the increase in the death of covid-19 included the increase in population density and the level of development. The preparation of risk maps using GIS can help to plan a rapid response to the COVID-19 epidemic, focus on prevention programs in high-risk areas, and plan the necessary strategies appropriate to the epidemic trend to control COVID-19 and similar epidemics in the future.
Keywords: Covid-19, Geographic Information System, Spatial Analysis, Hamedan} -
سابقه و هدف
عوامل محیطی و جغرافیایی می تواند به طور موثری در توزیع جغرافیایی بیماری MS (Multiple Sclerosis) موثر باشد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف پهنه بندی مکانی شیوع بیماری ام اس در استان فارس با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی صورت گرفت.
مواد و روش هادر این مطالعه اطلاعات 2031 بیمار مبتلا به MS (Multiple Sclerosis) در استان فارس در سال 1402 بررسی شد. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات شامل ویژگی های جمعیت شناختی و متغیرهای بالینی بود؛ داده های زیست محیطی، آب و هوایی و کدهای GPS استان گردآوری شده؛ سپس به نرم افزار Arch-GIS منتقل شدند.
یافته هاسن اکثر مبتلایان به بیماری MS بالای 40 سال، اکثریت متاهل، خانه دار، تحصیلات لیسانس، با سابقه کمبود ویتامین D و با گروه خونی O بودند. اکثریت تحت درمان با داروهای تزریقی بودند. نتایج تحلیل GIS نشان داد شیراز و مرودشت جزء مناطق با خطر بالای MS بوده با درصد جمعیتی زنان بودند. همچنین روند شیوع بیماری بر روی مناطق با دمای متوسط، رطوبت و بارش بیشتر متمرکز بوده و نرخ ابتلا در نواحی مرتفع شایعتر از نواحی گرم است.
نتیجه گیریاین پژوهش تا حدود زیادی با مطالعات پیشین در ایران و جهان همسو است. شیوع بیماری در مناطق مختلف فارس و کشور می تواند به دلیل مولفه قومیتی- تغذیه ای و زیست محیطی خاص این مناطق باشد که نیازمند بررسی و پژوهش بیشتر است.
کلید واژگان: پهنه بندی مکانی, مالتیپل اسکلروزیس (MS), سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی, استان فارس}Background and ObjectiveThe influence of environmental and geographical factors on the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease is significant. The aim of this study was to spatially map the prevalence of MS in Fars province using a geographic information system (GIS).
MethodsIn the current study, the data of 2031 MS patients in Fars province of Iran in 2023 were analyzed. The data were collected using demographic characteristics, clinical variables, environmental data, weather conditions and GPS coordinates of the province and then entered into Arch-GIS software.
FindingsMost of the MS patients were over 40 years old, married, and housewives, had a bachelor's degree, suffered from vitamin D deficiency, and had blood type O. Most patients were treated with injectable drugs. The GIS analysis revealed that Shiraz and Morvdasht were high-risk regions for MS, especially for the female population. The prevalence of the disease was highly concentrated in areas with moderate temperature, humidity, and higher rainfall and was higher in higher altitude regions than in warmer areas.
ConclusionThis study consistent with previous studies conducted in Iran and worldwide. The prevalence of MS in different regions of Fars and the country can be attributed to unique ethnic, nutritional and environmental factors, warranting further investigation and research.
Keywords: Spatial Distribution, Multiple Sclerosis, Geographic Information System, Fars Province} -
زمینه و هدف
فلزات سنگین در آب می توانند خطراتی برای سلامت انسان ها به همراه داشته باشند. لذا ضروری است جهت اطمینان از سلامت مصرف کنندگان، پایش و اندازه گیری فلزات انجام یابد.
روش بررسیاین مطالعه با هدف اندازه گیری فلزات سنگین از قبیل آرسنیک، سرب، کادمیوم، کروم، روی و جیوه در منابع آبی و شبکه توزیع آب شهری مراغه در دو فصل بهار و تابستان سال 1400 صورت گرفت. برای این منظور تعداد 25 عدد نمونه برداشته شد وجود این فلزات در منابع آب با استفاده از نقشه های کیفی بررسی گردید و در نهایت با ارزیابی خطر بهداشتی ناشی از حضور این فلزات، تاثیر آنها بر سلامت مصرف کنندگان مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته شده است.
یافته هابررسی غلظت فلزات در منابع آبی بالادست سد بیانگر غلظت نسبتا بالا از فلزات به خصوص آرسنیک است (µg/L 13/2). با وجود این، مقادیر آرسنیک بعد از تصفیه و در شبکه توزیع تا حد ناچیز کاهش می یابد. از طرف دیگر نتایج نشان می دهد که مقادیر فلز روی در شبکه نسبت به مخزن سد بیشتر است و غلظت آن در سد برابر صفر و در شبکه در بالاترین مقدار به µg/L578 می رسد. در نهایت ارزیابی خطر بهداشتی نشان می دهد که مقادیر THI محاسبه شده برای تمامی نمونه ها مابین 0/01 تا 0/99 متغیر است.
نتیجه گیریبراساس ریسک بهداشتی محاسبه شده، خطری سلامت مصرف کنندگان را در خصوص فلزات سنگین در آب شرب مراغه تهدید نمی کند. همچنین این نتایج ضرورت مطالعات تکمیلی در خصوص نشت فلز روی از لوله ها و متعلقات شبکه توزیع آب آشامیدنی شهر را در آینده دوچندان می نماید.
کلید واژگان: آرسنیک, فلزات سنگین, خطر بهداشتی, مراغه, سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی}Background and ObjectiveHeavy metals in water can pose risks to human health. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and measure metals to ensure the health of consumers.
Materials and MethodsThis study aimed to measure heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, and mercury in water resources and urban water distribution networks in spring and summer of 2021 in Maragheh city. Accordingly, 25 samples were taken to investigate the presence of heavy metals. The presence of these metals in water sources was investigated using qualitative maps and finally, by evaluating the health risk caused by the presence of these metals, their effect on the health of consumers has been studied.
ResultsExamining the concentration of metals in water resources upstream of the dam shows a relatively high concentration of metals, especially arsenic (13.2 µg/L). Despite this, the amount of arsenic after the water treatment plant and in the distribution network is reduced to an insignificant level. On the other hand, the results show that the amount of zinc metal in the network is higher than in the reservoir of the dam, and its concentration in the dam is equal to zero and in the network, it reaches the highest value of 578 µg/L. Finally, the health risk assessment shows that the calculated THI values for all samples vary between 0.01 and 0.99.
ConclusionBased on the calculated health risk, there is no threat to the health of consumers regarding heavy metals in Maragheh drinking water. Also, these results double the necessity of additional studies regarding the leakage of zinc metal from the pipes and accessories of the city's drinking water distribution network in the future.
Keywords: Arsenic, Heavy metals, Health risk, Maragheh, Geographic information system} -
زمینه و هدف
: رشد فزاینده جمعیت و نیاز روزافزون بشر به مواد غذایی و از طرفی، محدود بودن ذخایر طبیعی آب زیان، لزوم توجه به آبزی پروری پایدار را نمایان می سازد. بنابراین، با مکان یابی مناطق مستعد برای احداث کارگاه های تکثیر و پرورش ماهی و ارزیابی توان بوم شناختی آن عرصه ها می توان از تداخل کاربری های مختلف، به حداقل رساندن اثرات محیط زیستی آبزی پروری و جلوگیری از بروز اختلال در امر توسعه جلوگیری کرد. لذا، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی توان بوم شناختی استان همدان برای استقرار کارگاه های تکثیر و پرورش ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان (Onchorynchus mykiss) انجام شد.
مواد و روش هامکان یابی و ارزیابی توان بوم شناختی منطقه با تاکید بر نیازهای زیستی ماهیان سردآبی و عوامل اقتصادی- اجتماعی در راستای دستیابی به آبزی پروری پایدار و با استفاده از نقشه های 1:50000 چشمه ها، دبی آب، دمای آب، pH آب، شیب، مناطق حفاظت شده و آثار باستانی بر اساس مدل آبزی پروری مخدوم با استفاده از ویرایش 9/3 نرم افزار ArcGIS انجام یافت.
یافته هانتایج نشان داد که به طور تقریب 1420 هکتار از عرصه های شهرستان نهاوند، 571 هکتار از عرصه های شهرستان رزن، 472 هکتار از عرصه های شهرستان بهار، 311 هکتار از عرصه های شهرستان همدان، 263 هکتار از عرصه های شهرستان ملایر، 145 هکتار از عرصه های شهرستان تویسرکان، 121 هکتار از عرصه های شهرستان اسدآباد و 84 هکتار از عرصه های شهرستان کبودرآهنگ از توان بوم شناختی برای تکثیر و پرورش ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان برخوردار بودند.
نتیجه گیریبا مکان یابی و ارزیابی توان بوم شناختی عرصه های مستعد برای استقرار کارگاه های تکثیر و پرورش ماهیان سردآبی می توان ضمن رفع نیازهای فزاینده غذایی جامعه، با لحاظ کردن توان سرزمین، ضمن نیل به توسعه پایدار و درخور در به حداقل رساندن آثار سوء محیط زیستی صنعت آبزی پروری گام برداشت.
کلید واژگان: تنش محیطی, ارزیابی توان بوم شناختی, مکان یابی, سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی, آبزی پروری}BackgroundNowadays, the growing population has increased the demand for food especially for protein triggering the aquaculture industry's expansion. However, unplanned and unregulated farm will caused be at the subsequent yield failure and cost of environmental stress in the aquaculture farm. Accordingly, ecological potential evaluation and site selection of suitable areas for establishment of aquaculture farms can be prevent the interference of different land uses, minimize the environmental impact of aquaculture development and prevent disruptions in development. Therefore, the currentstudy was conducted to ecological potential evaluation of rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss (culture as coldwater fish species in Hamedan province, west of Iran.
MethodsIn the current study, biological requisites of rainbow trout, socioeconomic factors, springs information, water flow, water temperature, pH, slope, protected areas and antiquities were used for ecological potential evaluation and site selection of suitable sites for rainbow trout culture. In so doing, 'Makhdoum Aquaculture Model' and ArcGIS 10.3 were used.
ResultsBased on the results obtained, 1420 ha of Nahavand county, 571 ha of Razan county, 472 ha of Bahar county, 311 ha of Hamedan county, 263 ha of Malayer county, 145 ha of Toyserkan county, 121 ha of Asadabad county and 84.0 ha of Kabudarahang county were identified as the suitable areas for establishment of rainbow trout culture farms.
ConclusionEcological potential evaluation and site selection for aquaculture by considering the land suitability could be taking to sustainable development and reduce of environmental stress of the aquaculture farm.
Keywords: Environmental stress, Ecological potential evaluation, Site selection, Geographic information system, Aquaculture} -
Background
Because of natural and anthropogenic phenomena, most mountain areas experience significant soil loss. It is critical for watershed management to identify high soil loss rates and prone areas. Therefore, the present research aimed to estimate spatial annual soil loss rates and prioritize soil erosion prone areas of the Finca’aa watershed at sub-watershed level.
MethodsThe revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model, the extension of geographic information system based on five parameters: rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and slope steepness (LS), vegetation cover (C), and conservation techniques (P), was applied. This study also used weather data, a soil type map, a digital elevation model (DEM), and land use land cover, which were all analyzed using ArcGIS 10.4.
ResultsAnnual soil loss rates ranged from negligible to 234 t ha-1 yr-1. The average rates of soil loss was 33.3 t ha-1 yr-1. Approximately 63.36% of the catchment was within and 36.64% of the catchment was above the maximum permissible level, respectively. Approximately 1.96% were in critical condition. Agricultural practices were the primary cause in the watershed’s mountain and hilly areas.
ConclusionThe outcome is critical for planners and resource managers interested in long-term watershed management. Also, it is very important for sustainable growth development of 2030 agendas.
Keywords: Geographic information system, Prone area, Soil erosion, Water movement} -
Background
Phlebotomus and Sergentomya are distributed in the old-world regions and transmit leishmaniases through mammalian and reptile hosts. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most important diseases in Iran. Iranian sand flies belong to three Oriental, Palearctic, and Afrotropical Regions. Fars Province is located in Palearctic, but southern parts are affected Oriental region situations on phglebotomine population variety. Therefore, a comprehensive study was required on the vectors of the disease in this Province.
MethodsRegarding the approved role of the environmental factors in creating the fauna and distribution of living crea-tures, the “de martonne climate method” was used, and the climate was noticed as an important environmental factor for the determination of vector distribution. Accordingly, 14 sampling sites were selected from 10 foci in different climates of Fars Province. 19648 sand flies were collected from the studied areas in this Province during 2016.
ResultsPhlebotomus papatasi and Se. antennata were the most frequent species, which were caught from in/outdoor areas. Phlebotomus sergenti and Ph. alexandri were caught from both Palearctic and Oriental zones but were more prevalent in the cold semi-arid climate of the Palearctic zone. Moreover, they were not caught from the hot desert and summer Mediterranean climates of the Oriental zone.
ConclusionsIt seems that Ph. papatasi as the main vector of CL could be well distributed in different climates in Fars. Moreover, some species like Ph. sergenti preferred especial climates in the Palearctic zone. Therefore, these data could be helpful to control leishmaniases more efficiently.
Keywords: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Sand flies, Phlebotomus papatasi, Geographic Information System, Iran} -
Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development, Volume:7 Issue: 4, Dec 2022, PP 1797 -1815Introduction
Monitoring and controlling water resources and using health risk assessment approaches for water pollutants are essential for health promotion programs. This study aims to determine the water quality status and its spatiotemporal variation across the Kan River Basin, explore the interrelationship between surface and groundwater quality indices, and assess the nitrate health risk in drinking water.
Materials and MethodsThe water quality index (WQI) was calculated based on the guideline of the Iran Environmental Protection Organization, and spatiotemporal distribution maps were prepared using ArcGIS in 2020. To determine the correlation between IRWQISC and IRWQIGC indices, Spearman's non-parametric test was applied. Furthermore, Hazard Quotient (HQ), Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR), and Monte-Carlo Simulation techniques were used to determine the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of nitrate in three age groups.
ResultsThe water resources were classified into three groups of medium quality, relatively good, and good during the study period. All parameters complied with the Iranian water quality standards. Furthermore, the statistical analysis revealed no significant relationship between the surface and groundwater quality indices. The calculated HQ values for infants, children, and adults were 0.661, 0.620, and 0.236, respectively. The ELCR values for infants, children, and adults were 1.06 × 10-4, 0.99 × 10-4, and 0.38 × 10-4, respectively, which, for the infants' group was higher than the guideline limit of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (10-4).
ConclusionThe water resources are suitable for drinking purposes. However, more attention is needed to prevent water contamination in the coming years.
Keywords: Water Quality, Risk Assessment, Monte Carlo Method, Geographic Information System, Tehran City} -
Background
COVID-19 is a novel disease that infected many people around the world. It is essential to find the potential high-risk locations and provide suitable healthcare interventions to control COVID-19 distribution. Using a geographic information system, this study aimed to investigate the distribution trends of patients with COVID-19 in Kerman, Iran.
MethodsThe information of registered patients of Afzalipour hospital in Kerman city who were admitted before July 22, 2020, was collected and used in this paper. The patients’ addresses were converted into geocodes. The trend of disease prevalence in connection with population density in different parts of Kerman was investigated. After that, the average nearest neighbor analysis was performed to check the random distribution of disease cases. Data were checked for randomness by High/Low clustering analysis.
Results: The spread of the COVID-19 disease started in Kerman city’s north, south, and west and then distributed to the center. The southern and western regions were in high-high clusters, and the central and northern regions were in low-low clusters in terms of COVID-19 outbreak risk. Regression showed a significant correlation between underlying diseases and patients' age with the incidence of Covid-19 disease.
ConclusionThe prevalence of COVID-19 had been higher in densely populated areas and also in areas with poorer economic conditions. Therefore, paying attention to these areas as well as applying strict rules can help control the spread of COVID-19. The result of this study could be useful for public health experts and healthcare managers to manage better this pandemic.
Keywords: Geographic Information System, COVID-19, Coronavirus, Spatial Analysis} -
Background
Drought is one of the most frequent natural hazards in Iran. Gender analysis can highlight the different needs and capacities of men and women to manage drought hazards. Thus, the present study aimed to map drought and the gender gap in drought data based on the provincial zones in 2011 and 2016.
MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 stages establishing a database and spatial analysis. Data mapping was done based on provincial divisions, sex-disaggregated distribution of literacy, and employment rate as well as drought patterns in Iran in 2011 and 2016 using ArcGIS software. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze and report the sex-disaggregated literacy and employment data.
ResultsAbout 80.73% and 75.27% of women and 80.89% and 74.74% of men experienced severe and very severe droughts in 2011 and 2016, respectively. Gender inequality in the aspects of literacy and employment in drought-affected regions was found in 2011 and 2016.
ConclusionCommunity-based planning and management in regions exposed to climate change are suggested for reducing the consequences of climatic disasters such as droughts. Women need to be empowered and trained for innovative livelihood activities in rural and urban areas in Iran and other developing countries affected by long-term droughts.
Keywords: Gender, Drought, Literacy, Employment, Geographic Information System, Iran} -
Background
It is widely accepted that concerns have been recently raised regarding the impact of air pollution on the health of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Air pollution probably affects the exacerbation of CF and its laboratory findings. On the other hand, the World Health Organization (WHO) has asked all countries to update their data and reports on the distribution and prevalence of CF in different areas. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the distribution and prevalence of CF based on the levels of atmospheric pollutants, such as PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 in 22 zones of Tehran, and to report the abnormal laboratory findings that might indicate the exacerbation of CF.
Materials and MethodsThe studied statistical population included children with CF referred to Masih Daneshvari Hospital from 2003 to 2020. Demographic data, location of living area, and laboratory findings were extracted from patient records. The geographic information system (GIS) was applied to indicate the distribution and dispersion of the disease. The information related to air pollutants was collected from all stations in Tehran during the studied period by the Department of Environment of Tehran Province, and the average levels were used for final reporting.
ResultsThe analysis results on 287 CF patients demonstrated that the risk of disease exacerbation significantly increased by the presence of air pollutants. In areas with multiple air pollutants, more laboratory findings were observed to be abnormal, and the lower survival rate for patients with CF was recorded. Investigating the CF distribution pattern based on climatic layers and above mean sea level (AMSL) indicated that distribution of the disease was higher in dry areas with lower AMSL and the higher volume of the atmospheric pollutants, which were primarily centralized in southern and central Tehran.
ConclusionEnvironmental factors, such as air pollution, can be considered vital parameters, along with high-risk factors, such as pure and integrated race, migration, and mutation, influencing the prevalence and exacerbation of CF symptoms. Considering the higher prevalence of CF in deprived areas of Tehran, households' cultural and economic level appears to be a factor in the lack of diagnostic screening and prevention of CF in these areas. On the other hand, continuous monitoring of the air pollution caused by traffic and giving warnings to CF patients and their parents is particularly important.
Keywords: Climatic processes, Cystic Fibrosis, Disease mapping, Geographic Information System, Medical informatics} -
سابقه و هدف
استان خوزستان یکی از کانون های آندمیک لیشمانیوز جلدی روستایی با عامل لیشمانیا ماژور و ناقل اصلی آن، پشه خاکی فلبوتوموس پاپاتاسی می باشد. هدف این مطالعه پیش بینی احتمال حضور فلبوتوموس پاپاتاسی به روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی در این استان بود.
مواد و روش هاجهت تعیین پراکندگی گونه فلبوتوموس پاپاتاسی در دو فصل بهار و تابستان در سال 1397 از پنج شهرستان ایذه، ماهشهر، اهواز، دشت آزادگان و اندیمشک با استفاده از تله چسبان، پشه خاکی ها جمع آوری شدند. شش معیار میانگین دمای سالیانه، میانگین بارندگی سالیانه، میانگین رطوبت نسبی سالیانه، کاربری اراضی، بافت خاک و ارتفاع انتخاب شدند. نقشه های معیارها در نرم افزار ArcGIS 10.5 تهیه شد. وزن معیارها و زیرمعیارها با استفاده از نرم افزار Expert Choice 11 تعیین گردید. نقشه نهایی احتمال وجود ناقل از ترکیب نقشه های وزن داده شده و تاثیر دادن وزن معیارها در آن به دست آمد.
یافته هادر این مطالعه 13 گونه پشه خاکی از دو جنس فلبوتوموس و سرژنتومیا صید شد. فراوانی فلبوتوموس پاپاتاسی از نمونه های صید شده در شهرستان های ایذه، دشت آزادگان، ماهشهر، اندیمشک و اهواز به ترتیب 55 درصد، 72 درصد، 4/69 درصد، 3 درصد و 5/66 درصد بود. براساس آنالیز جداول ماتریسی، به ترتیب معیار میانگین دمای سالیانه (406/0)، میانگین رطوبت نسبی سالیانه (233/0) و میانگین بارندگی سالیانه (156/0) بیش ترین وزن و اهمیت را در حضور ناقل داشتند.
استنتاجیافته های این مطالعه اطلاعات مفیدی را در مورد تعیین پراکندگی این گونه در اختیار مسیولین بهداشتی قرار می دهد، تا در زمان شیوع بیماری براساس امکانات و بودجه اقدام کنند.
کلید واژگان: فلبوتوموس پاپاتاسی, فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی, سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی, خوزستان, لیشمانیا}Background and purposeKhuzestan Province in Iran is one of the endemic foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) caused by Leishmania major and Phlebotomus papatasi as the main vector. The aim of this study was to predict the probability of presence of Ph. papatasi in this province using Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS).
Materials and methodsIn order to determine the distribution of Ph. papatasi, sand flies were collected in five counties, including Izeh, Mahshahr, Ahvaz, Dasht-e-Azadegan, and Andimeshk by sticky paper traps in spring and summer, 2018. Six criteria, including average annual temperature, average annual rainfall, average annual relative humidity, land use, soil texture, and elevation were selected. Maps of criteria were prepared in ArcGIS 10.5 software. The weights of the criteria and sub-criteria were determined using Expert Choice 11. Then, the final map of the probability of vector presence was prepared by combination of weighted maps and including the weight of the criteria.
ResultsIn this study, 13 species of sand flies of two genera, Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia, were collected. The abundance of Ph. papatasi from samples collected in Izeh, Dasht-e-Azadegan, Mahshahr, Andimeshk, and Ahvaz was 55%, 72%, 69.4%, 3%, and 66.5%, respectively. Based on the analysis of matrix tables, average annual temperature (0.406), average annual relative humidity (0.233), and average annual rainfall (0.156) had the highest weight in probability of the vector presence, respectively.
ConclusionThis study provides useful information for health authorities in determining the distribution of Ph. papatasi to act properly based on facilities and budget in case of outbreak.
Keywords: Phlebotomous papatasi, analytical hierarchy process, geographic information system, Khuzestan, Leishmania} -
زمینه و هدف
ارایه خدمات درمانی و توزیع داروهای آگونیستی در مراکز درمان سوءمصرف مواد باعث کم توجهی به برنامه درمان بیماران و تمرکز بیشتر به توزیع دارو گردیده است. به منظور تفکیک ارایه خدمات درمانی و دارویی به مددجویان ترک اعتیاد در این مراکز، پژوهشی با هدف مکان گزینی داروخانه منتخب جهت توزیع داروهای آگونیستی در منطقه 21 شهرداری تهران با رویکرد مکانی طرح ریزی شده است.
مواد و روش هااین پژوهش از نوع کاربردی و به لحاظ روش از نوع توصیفی - تحلیلی می باشد. داده های مکانی و توصیفی موردنیاز از طریق شهرداری تهران و معاونت های درمان و غذا و دارو دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران اخذ و با استفاده از نرم افزار ArcGIS و توابع تخمین تراکم کرنل، تحلیل سلسله مراتبی و مدل مکان - تخصیص در دو حالت منطقه ای و ناحیه ای با پوشش حداکثری مراکز سوءمصرف مواد موردبررسی و با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS و آزمون T نتایج مقایسه شده اند.
نتایجنتایج مکان یابی به روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی و منطق فازی، نشان می دهد که کلیه داروخانه های موجود در منطقه مطالعاتی در محدوده های حایز شرایط انتخاب داروخانه توزیع کننده داروهای آگونیستی واقع شده اند. همچنین نتایج مدل مکان - تخصیص نشان می دهد متوسط زمان و مسافت اقلیدسی دسترسی به داروخانه منتخب منطقه ای به ترتیب 17 دقیقه و 9/5 کیلومتر و ناحیه ای به ترتیب 2 دقیقه و 7/0 کیلومتر می باشد.
نتیجه گیریتفکیک خدمات درمانی و توزیع داروهای آگونیستی امری ضروری است. همچنین توزیع داروهای آگونیستی از طریق داروخانه های منتخب ناحیه ای باعث افزایش دسترسی به دارو و رضایت مندی مددجویان می گردد.
کلید واژگان: تحلیل سلسله مراتبی, داروخانه, داروهای آگونیستی, سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی}Hospital, Volume:20 Issue: 2, 2022, PP 43 -54Field of study and GoalsThe provision of medical services and the distribution of agonist drugs in substance abuse treatment centers has led to a lack of attention to patients' treatment plans and a greater focus on drug distribution. In order to separate health and pharmaceutical services that are provided for opioid addicts in drug addiction treatment centers, a study has been designed with the aim of locating the selected pharmacy for the distribution of agonist drugs in District 21 of Tehran Municipality with a spatial approach.
Materials and MethodsThis applied research is a descriptive-analytical method. The spatial and descriptive data were collected from the municipality organization and treatment and food and medicine departments of Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services and they were analyzed using ArcGIS software. Distribution of pharmacies and drug addiction treatment centers in the study area, locating the appropriate areas, and locating the selected pharmacy were studied by using the kernel density estimation functions, hierarchical analysis, and location model - allocation in two regional and district modes with maximum coverage of drug addiction treatment centers, respectively and analyzed using SPSS software and t-test.
ResultsThis study shows that the distribution of pharmacies and population in different regions of the study area is commensurate. Based on the results of locating using hierarchical analysis method, all pharmacies in the study area are appropriate to be the pharmacy for distributing the agonist drugs, and the results of the location model – allocation shows that the average time, and distance to access to the selected district pharmacy is 17 minutes and 5.9 km, respectively and for the regional pharmacy is 2 minutes and 0.7 km, respectively.
ConclusionSeparation of medical services and distribution of agonist drugs is essential. The findings of this study indicate that the distribution of agonist drugs through selected regional pharmacies increases access to medicine and the satisfaction of patients.
Keywords: Agonist Drugs, AHP, Geographic Information System, Pharmacy} -
مقدمه
نیترات یکی از مهم ترین آلاینده های منابع آب زیرزمینی به شمار می رود که به طور عمده ناشی از کودهای کشاورزی و دفع غیر اصولی فاضلاب و از نظر ایجاد مخاطرات سلامتی بسیار بااهمیت است. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی منابع آلاینده و پهنه بندی نیترات در منابع آب زیرزمینی منطقه تیران و کرون در غرب اصفهان با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (Geographic information system یا GIS) و بررسی وضعیت نیترات در سفره آب زیرزمینی منطقه بود.
روش هااین مطالعه از نوع توصیفی- مقطعی بود که بر روی 40 منبع آب زیرزمینی شهرستان تیران و کرون در منطقه غرب اصفهان طی یک دوره چهار ساله صورت گرفت. آزمایش نیترات به وسیله دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتری انجام شد. نتایج به دست آمده با استفاده از آزمون One-way ANOVA در نرم افزار های GIS و SPSS پهنه بندی و تحلیل گردید. به منظور مقایسه میانگین مقدار نیترات منابع آب با استاندارد مربوط، آزمون t مورد استفاده قرار گرفت.
یافته هامیانگین نیترات در سال های 1392، 1393، 1394 و 1395 به ترتیب 27/17 ± 29/42، 55/16 ± 33/43، 95/16 ± 09/45 و 1/18 ± 29/47 میلی گرم در لیتر بر حسب نیترات بود و بیشترین مقدار نیترات بر اساس نقشه درون یابی، به قسمت های مرکزی اختصاص داشت. بهترین روش درون یابی برای نیترات با توجه به نرمال بودن توزیع داده ها، کریجینگ معمولی و مدل های گوس و نمایی بود. بر اساس نتایج آزمون One-way ANOVA، تفاوت معنی داری بین میانگین نتایج در سال 1395 با میانگین اندازه گیری شده در سال های مختلف وجود نداشت (05/0 < P). نتایج آزمون t نشان داد که میانگین نیترات در سال های 1394 و 1395 کمتر از استاندارد جهانی (50 میلی گرم در لیتر) (05/0 < P) بود.
نتیجه گیریغلظت نیترات در منابع آبی منطقه در حد استاندارد می باشد، اما با توجه به مقادیر آن و تغییرات سه سال گذشته، احتمال افزایش و عبور از حد استاندارد دور از انتظار نیست. همچنین، با توجه به نقشه های پهنه بندی، میانگین نیترات در قسمت مرکزی شهرستان بالاتر از سایر قسمت ها گزارش گردید. با توجه به جهت جلوگیری از روند افزایشی نیترات، مدیریت صحیح در مصرف کودهای ازته، تغییر کاربری اراضی، ساخت تصفیه خانه فاضلاب و اقدامات آموزشی لازم باید مد نظر قرار گیرد.
کلید واژگان: پهنه بندی, آلودگی, منابع آب زیرزمینی, نیترات, سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی}BackgroundNitrate is one of the most important pollutants in groundwater resources, which is mainly caused by agricultural fertilizers and wastewater disposal and is very important for health hazards. The purpose of this study was to identify the sources of nitrate contamination and zoning in groundwater resources of Tiran and Karvan area in west of Isfahan, Iran, using Geographic Information System (GIS) and investigate the status of nitrate in the groundwater aquifer.
MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 40 underground water sources of Tiran and Karvan in west of Isfahan during a four-year period. Nitrate test was performed by spectrophotometer. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in GIS and SPSS software. One-sample t-test was used to compare the mean nitrate content of water sources with the corresponding standard.
FindingsThe mean concentration of nitrate in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 was 42.29 ± 17.27, 43.33 ± 16.65, 45.09 ± 16.95, 47.29 ± 18.10 mg/l, respectively. The highest amount of nitrate based on the interpolation map was related to the central parts of the city. The best method of interpolation for nitrate, considering the normal distribution of data, was ordinary kriging and Gaussian and exponential models. One-way ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference between the mean concentration in 2016 with the mean values measured in different years (P > 0.05). The one-sample t-test showed that the average nitrate in 2015 and 2016 was below the global standard of 50 mg/l (P > 0.05).
ConclusionNitrate concentration in the region's water resources is at the standard level, but considering its values and changes over the past three years, the probability of increasing and exceeding the standard limit is expected. Moreover, according to GIS maps, the average nitrate in the central part of the city is higher than the other parts. In order to prevent the incremental trend of nitrate, proper management in use of nitrogen fertilizers, land use change, construction of sewage treatment plant, and necessary training measures must be done.
Keywords: Zoning, Nitrate contamination, Groundwater resources, Geographic information system} -
Introduction
Earthquakes, one of the most important natural disasters of the earth, have always caused irreparable damage to human settlements in short time. One of the most important issues that we face after an earthquake is the transfer of earthquake victims and traumatized civilians to safe places and medical centers. The city of Mashhad with different geographical faults and the presence of enormous religious, cultural, historical and industrial assets make Mashhad the most dangerous city in terms of earthquake hazards. In the 9th district of this city, the existence of worn - out structures along the narrow passages and the importance to save time in providing relief proves the need to locate temporary accommodation centers and allocate the injured to safe places.
Material and MethodsThe process of optimizing the accommodation of people includes 2 main steps 1) Determining candidate locations for temporary accommodation 2) Optimal allocation of population blocks (origin). The weight of criteria was calculated using the pairwise comparison method. Then suitable places for deployment are identified. Criterion in the form of giving a specific wei ght to each, in order to prepare the final map, is of importance. Accordingly, the opinions of experts in the field of urban crisis management have been utilized. Subsequently, using GAMS software and 7 super - innovative algorithms such as SA, PSO, ICA, ACO , ABC, FA, LAFA.
ResultsThe average process time and cost of 7 algorithms out of ten random problems with 1000 repetitions, and an average of 10 execution times show, that the 3 algorithms ACO, ABC and LAFA have lower cost and process time than the other meta - innovative algorithms. Therefore, we use the above three algorithms to solve the case study
ConclusionFinally, the LAFA optimization algorithm had obtained a better and more appropriate result due to its execution time and cost being less than the other two algorithms.
Keywords: Mathematical Modeling, Geographic Information System, Meta-Heuristic Algorithms, Assignment of Victims, Earthquake Crisis Management} -
مقدمه
مهم ترین واقعه در تاریخچه فاسیولیازیس انسانی در ایران اپیدمی بیماری در استان گیلان می باشد. با توجه به این تاریخچه بررسی تاثیر تغییرات آب و هوایی به ویژه میزان بارندگی بر روی این بیماری، ضروری به نظر می رسد. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین شیوع مکانی فاسیولیازیس انسانی در دو استان گیلان و مازندران با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی بر مبنای نقشه های آب و هوایی می باشد.
روش کاراطلاعات مربوط به بیماری فاسیولیازیس انسانی در استانهای گیلان و مازندران از مرکز بیماری های واگیر وزارت بهداشت و داده های هواشناسی از سازمان هواشناسی کشور اخذ گردید، سپس میزان شیوع یا بروز بیماری بر حسب نیاز محاسبه شده توسط نرم افزار ArcGIS نسخه 4/10 ذخیره سازی، پردازش و نقشه سازی شد.
یافته هادر سال 1395 از مجموع 41 مورد فاسیولیازیس انسانی در استان های شمالی کشور، سه مورد در استان مازندران و 38 مورد در استان گیلان گردید. بیشترین موارد بیماری در استان گیلان در شهرستان رشت با 14 مورد و در مقام دوم در شهرستان انزلی با 11 مورد دیده شده است. آنالیز آماری داده های هواشناسی و شیوع بیماری نشان داد که در نقطه بحرانی میزان بارندگی 1100 میلیمتر در سال، شیوع بیماری با مقادیر بیشتر و کمتر بارندگی ارتباط آماری دارد (044/0P=).
کلید واژگان: سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی, فاسیولیازیس, نقشه سازی, گیلان, مازندران}Spatial distribution of Human Fascioliasis in Guilan and Mazandaran Provinces: Climate-based mappingIntroductionThe most important event in the history of human fascioliasis in Iran is the disease epidemic in Gilan province. According to this history, investigating the impact of climate change, especially rainfall, on this disease IS necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of human fascioliasis in Gilan and Mazandaran provinces using Geographic Information System (GIS), climate-based mapping
MethodsData on human fascioliasis in Gilan and Mazandaran provinces were collected from the Ministry of Health and Meteorological Information Center of Iran's Meteorological Organization, then the prevalence or incidence of the disease calculated and data storage, Processed and mapped by ArcGIS software version 10.4.
ResultsIn 2016, 41 cases of human fascioliasis in the northern provinces of the country, three cases were reported in Mazandaran province and 38 cases in Gilan province, and the most cases of human fascioliasis in Guilan province were in 14 cases and in second place in Anzali with 11 cases, statistical analysis of meteorological data (rainfall) and outbreak showed that at a critical point of rainfall of 1100 mm / year, the prevalence of disease with higher and lower rainfall was statistically significant (P = 0.44).
Keywords: Geographic Information System, Fascioliasis, Mapping, Gilan, Mazandaran} -
Biodiversity Indices and Medically Importance of Ticks in North Khorasan Province, Northeast of IranBackground
Ticks are considered as the main vectors for the transmission of various pathogens such as relapsing fever and CCHF to humans. This study was investigated the biodiversity indices and medically importance of ticks in North Khorasan Province, Northeast of Iran during 2015–2019.
MethodsSpecimens were captured from infested ruminants including cows, sheep, and goats. Additionally, tick col lections also were performed on non-domesticated creatures such as turtles, rodents, and hedgehogs. Specimens were identified using valid identification keys. Species diversity, species richness and evenness indices have been calculated to estimate species biodiversity of ticks.
ResultsA total of 1478 adult ticks were collected. The specimens were from two families: Ixodidae (90.05%) and Ar gasidae (9.95%), 6 genera and 17 species including: Rhipicephalus sanguineus (55.9%), Rhipicephalus bursa (13.4%), Hyalomma marginatum (9.5%), Hyalomma anatolicum (9.5%), Hyalomma asiaticum (0.2%), Hyalomma aegyptium (0.5%), Hyalomma scupense (1.3%), Hyalomma sp (1.2%), Haemaphysalis sulcata (0.7%), Haemaphysalis erinacea (0.1%), Haemaphysalis inermis (0.1%), Haemaphysalis punctata (0.2%), Haemaphysalis concinna (0.1% Boophilus annulatus (1.2), and Dermacentor marginatus (6.1%) among hard ticks as well as Argas persicus (91.8%) and Argas reflexus (8.2%) amongst soft ticks. Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rh. Bursa, Hy. marginatum and Hy. anatolicum were known as the most frequent species of hard ticks. Tick’s species richness, Shannon diversity index and Simpson index in this area were S= 17, H’= 1.69, D= 0.294 respectively.
ConclusionBased on tick distribution veterinary authority, public health organizations and other officials should act for implementation of disease prevention.
Keywords: Tick infestations, Ruminant, Geographic information system, Ixodidae, Argasidae} -
مقدمه و اهداف
الگوی رخداد بیماری ها در جمعیت های مختلف متفاوت است. با توجه به این که سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی می تواند تاثیر مکان را بر رخداد و چگونگی توزیع بیماری بسنجد، مطالعه ای به منظور آنالیز فضایی سرطان کولورکتال و برخی عوامل خطر آن در ایران با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی انجام شد.
روش کاراین مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی با رویکرد آنالیز فضایی بوده است. داده های این مطالعه شامل«رخداد سرطان کولورکتال» به عنوان متغیر وابسته و سه متغیر «فعالیت جسمی»، «نمایه توده بدنی» و «سیگار کشیدن» به عنوان متغیرهای مستقل بودند که توسط اداره سرطان مرکز مدیریت بیماری های غیر واگیر وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی و نظام مراقبت عوامل خطر بیماری های غیر واگیر به تفکیک استان و جنس در سال 1388(آخرین گزارش) ثبت شده است. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار ArcGIS نسخه 10.3 و مدل آماری رگرسیون وزنی جغرافیایی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
یافته هاارتباط فضایی بیماری با متغیرهای فعالیت بدنی، نمایه توده بدنی و سیگار کشیدن با استفاده از مدل رگرسیون وزنی جغرافیایی مورد تایید قرار گرفت؛ که بر این اساس استان های شمالی و مرکزی نسبت به سایر مناطق کشور بیش ترین خطر ابتلا به سرطان کولورکتال را با توجه به این عوامل خطر داشتند.
نتیجه گیریآنالیزهای فضایی به خوبی می توانند در شناسایی سیمای بیماری و اولویت بندی مکانی عوامل موثر بر آن مفید واقع شوند و با برنامه ریزی های راهبردی و اقدام های مداخله ای بیماری را کنترل کرد
کلید واژگان: سرطان کولورکتال, سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی, رگرسیون وزنی جغرافیایی}Background and ObjectivesThe incidence of colorectal cancer has increased significantly in Iran in recent decades. The pattern of occurrence varies in different populations. A study was conducted to perform a spatial analysis of colorectal cancer and some of its risk factors in Iran using GIS.
MethodsThe data of this descriptive-analytic study included colorectal cancer incidence as a dependent variable and physical activity, Body Mass Index and smoking as independent variables recorded by the Cancer Department, Center for Non-Communicable Diseases Management, the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the care system for non-communicable disease risk factors according to province and gender in 2009. Data was analyzed using the ArcGIS 10.3 software and spatial correlation analysis, hot spots analysis, and geographic weighted regression model.
ResultsThe spatial relationship between the disease and some of its risk factors was confirmed by the model of geographical weight regression, according to which the northern and central provinces had the highest risk of colorectal cancer compared to other regions of the country.
ConclusionThe results of this study showed that spatial analysis could be useful in identifying disease patterns, prioritizing the factors affecting it, and controlling the disease through strategic planning and interventions.
Keywords: Colorectal cancer, Geographic information system, Geographical weight regression} -
INTRODUCTION
Tehran is always exposed to various dangers due to its high population density. A geographic information system (GIS) can be very useful for reducing the financial and human burden caused by accidents, disasters, and diseases.
METHODSThis field study was performed using a practical and descriptive research method. The pre-hospital emergency bases in the east of Tehran province and all the emergency bases covered by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in disasters were evaluated as a case study. The population of these cities amounted to 1,149,485 people and included cities in the east of Tehran province, Iran, including Damavand, Firoozkooh, Pakdasht, Pishva, Qarchak, and Varamin.
FINDINGSRational maps were created and analyzed in the areas where emergency bases were located using ArcGIS software, as well as analysis of regions, distances, point density, and a combination of these factors. Regarding the standards and indicators, it was determined that the Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center needs to have130 emergency medical technicians, 23 ambulances, and one ambulance bus to equip the exiting emergency bases according to the standard pre-hospital regulations. Other requirements in this regard include the replacement of worn-out ambulances with new ones, construction of two emergency bases in Qarchak, Tehran, Iran, and three emergency bases in Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran, as well as the transfer of bases in the proximity of faults and flood-prone areas to safe places.
CONCLUSIONBased on the obtained results, a comprehensive pre-hospital database was designed for the use of managers and officials in the occurrence of accidents, which might be used as a pilot work that can be expanded to other areas of Tehran, Iran, and other provinces in managing disasters and accidents.
Keywords: Geographic Information System, Management of Accident, Pre-hospital Emergency, Spatial Analysis} -
سابقه و هدف
کنه ها به عنوان انگل های خارجی، ناقلین بیولوژیک و مخازن بیماری های مختلف در انتقال عوامل بیماری زا به انسان و حیوانات نقش دارند. هدف این مطالعه، مدل سازی احتمال وجود کنه های ناقل در شهرستان های اهواز، حمیدیه، باوی وکارون است.
مواد و روش ها:
جهت مدلسازی، 8 معیار شیب، ارتفاع، بافت خاک، کاربری اراضی، پوشش اراضی، دما، رطوبت و بارندگی که بیش ترین تاثیر را در پراکندگی کنه ها دارند، انتخاب شدند و پس از تکمیل جداول مقایسه زوجی توسط متخصصین، برای تعیین اهمیت هر کدام از معیارها با استفاده از نرم افزارSuper Decision آنالیز شدند. نقشه های پایه مربوط به 8 معیار ترسیم شده و وزن زیر معیارها با نرم افزار Expert Choice11 محاسبه شد. نقشه های وزنی براساس تاثیر وزن زیرمعیارها در نقشه های پایه به دست آمد. نقشه نهایی احتمال وجود کنه ها، با استفاده از تاثیر وزن هر کدام از معیارها در نقشه های وزنی تهیه شد.
یافته ها:
براساس نظر متخصصین به ترتیب معیارهای میانگین رطوبت نسبی، میانگین بارندگی و پوشش گیاهی با وزن های 252/0 ، 179/0 و 151/0 بیش ترین تاثیر را در احتمال وجود کنه ها دارند. همچنین بیش ترین احتمال در شهرستان های اهواز، حمیدیه، کارون و باوی به ترتیب در دهستان های مشرحات، کرخه، قلعه چنعان و عنافچه می باشد.
استنتاجبر اساس نقشه حاضر که از تاثیر عوامل اکولوژیک، توپوگرافیک و آب و هوایی می باشد، احتمال وجود کنه های ناقل تب کریمه- کنگو در دهستان های مشرحات (اهواز) و کرخه (حمیدیه) خیلی زیاد است.
کلید واژگان: کنه های سخت, فرآیند تحلیل شبکه, سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی, تب خونریزی دهنده کریمه-کنگو}Background and purposeTicks, as ectoparasites, biological vectors and reservoirs of various diseases, are involved in transmission of pathogens to humans and animals. This research aimed at modeling the probability of tick vectors presence in Ahvaz, Hamidiyeh, Bavy, and Karoon in southwest of Iran.
Materials and methodsTo perform the modeling, eight criteria (slope, elevation, soil texture, land use, land cover, temperature, humidity, and rainfall) that strongly affect the distribution of ticks were selected. After pairwise comparisons, Super Decision Software was used to determine the significance of each criteria and the weight of sub-criteria was calculated using Expert Choice11. Weighted maps were obtained based on the effect of sub-criteria weights on maps. The final map of the probability of tick vectors presence was prepared based on the weight effect of each criteria in the weighted maps.
ResultsAverage relative humidity (0.252), average rainfall (0.179), and land cover (0.151) were found to have the greatest effect on the probability of tick presence. Also, the highest probability of tick presence was seen in following cities and rural districts: Ahvaz, Hamidiyeh, Karoon, Bavy, Meshrahat, Karkheh, Qaleh Chenan, and Anafcheh.
ConclusionIn current modelling, considering ecological, topographic, and climatic factors, the probability of the presence of vectors of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus was seen to be very high in two rural districts, including Mashrahat (Ahvaz) and Karkheh (Hamidiyeh).
Keywords: hard ticks, network analysis process, geographic information system, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever}
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