جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Mashhad » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Islamic spiritual dignity therapy on depression and death anxiety of dialysis patients.

This semi-experimental study used a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all dialysis women in Mashhad city, and 12 subjects (6 in the control group and 6 in the experimental group) were selected as a sample from the Mohaban Dialysis Center in Mashhad by the researcher's call in 2021. In this study, people were replaced by a non-probability (voluntary) sampling method and randomly in two experimental and control groups. During the sessions, one of the people in the experimental group had a stroke and died, and our sample fell. In the pre-test stage, the subjects of both groups responded to Beck's depression questionnaire (1996) and Templer's death anxiety questionnaire (1970). The subjects of the experimental group were subjected to dignity group therapy during six sessions each session for two hours, while the control group did not receive any treatment. At the end of the plan's implementation, both groups answered the mentioned questionnaires again. Finally, the data collected were analyzed by covariance analysis.

Dignity therapy has a positive effect on dialysis patients in reducing the two components of depression and death anxiety (P<0.01). Dignity therapy has established a significant difference between the control and experimental groups.

The results showed that dignity therapy is effective in reducing depression and death anxiety in dialysis patients. Islamic spiritual dignity improves depression and death anxiety of individuals, and this group therapy can be used to promote the reduction of depression and death anxiety.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes widespread infections in hospitals. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become resistant to a variety of antibiotics due to the overuse of antibiotics. One type of resistance acquired by this bacterium is resistance to aminoglycoside drugs. The most important mechanism of this resistance is the enzymatic inactivation of aminoglycosides by their modifying enzymes. The rmtB gene is involved in this resistance and because silver nanoparticles have antibacterial properties, the present study was conducted to evaluate the expression level of rmtB gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa specimens treated with silver nanoparticles.

In the current study experimental, 53 samples were collected from 11 laboratories in Mashhad during 1398-1399. Samples were identified using standard laboratory methods and specific culture. PCR method was used to evaluate the frequency of rmtB gene. In order to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the strains, the disk diffusion method based on the CLSI protocol (2018) was used. Silver nanoparticles were made from ginger extract and Real time PCR was used to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles on rmtB gene expression.

Out of 53 samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 51 samples were resistant to more than two aminoglucosides. Phenotypic evaluation of the antibiotic resistance pattern of aminoglucoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains showed that 61% were resistant to amikacin, 84% to gentamicin and 23% to tobramycin. Also, out of 53 samples, 76% were resistant to all three aminoglycosides. The minimum inhibitory concentration in the agar dilution method for silver nanoparticles was up to 500 μg/ml. Molecular analysis showed the presence of rmtB gene in all samples and the result of real time PCR analysis showed that the effect of silver nanoparticles on rmtB gene expression was significant (P <0.01).

There was high resistance to aminoglycoside in samples collected from Mashhad. Silver nanoparticles had a significant effect on reducing the expression of rmtB gene (P <0.01).

Purpose of this study was to investigate of prevalence, phylogenetic groups and antibiotic resistance pattern EAEC isolated from diarrheic children in Mashhad city.

This cross-sectional study conducted for one year. In total, 450 diarrhea samples of children under 10 years of age were collected from children's specialized hospital in Mashhad. After isolation of Escherichia coli, EAEC isolates were identified by PCR molcular method. Phylogenetic groups of EAEC isolates were determined using the original and updated 2019 method. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using disc diffusion methods(Kirby-Bauer method) against 12 antibiotics.

44(9.8%) EAEC isolates were identified from 422(93.8%) Escherichia coli isolates by PCR. Seven phylogroups including D(40.9%), unknown(27.3%), G(11.4%), B1(9.1%), F(4.5%), B2(4.5%) and A(2.3%) were detected among EAEC isolates.The highest diversity of antibiotic resistance patterns was related to Phylogroup D. EAEC isolates showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin and erythromycin 100%. Overall, 97.7% of EAEC isolates were with multiple drug resistance(MDR).

The present study showed a significant presence of EAEC strains. Considering the role of EAEC in chronic diarrhea and growth retardation syndrome in children, it is suggested that the identification of EAEC strains to be considered in diagnostic laboratories in cases of children’s diarrhea. on the other hand, due to the high prevalence of multiple resistances, antibiogram test is required to treat diarrhea in children.

Access to quality information is essential for greater patient participation in treatment. This study aims to investigate the information sources of organ transplant recipients in Mashhad, Iran.

This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out from December 2017 to May 2018. Participants were 115 patients who received liver and kidney transplantation in Montaseriyeh Hospital in Mashhad. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire with acceptable validity and test re-test reliability. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 16.

The Mean age of the participants was 35.7±11 years. Most of them had the desire to receive more information about their disease (93%). The attending physician (Mean=8.91), Nurses (Mean=7.38), and other organ transplant patients (Mean=6.80) were the most popular sources of information for patients. The main reasons for using information sources were “having better understanding of the disease” (Mean=8.32), and “curiosity to learn more about the disease” (Mean=7.73). The most important problems in obtaining information were the lack of familiarity with medical terms (Mean=7.32) and information sources (Mean=7.16), and lack of access to information in Persian (Mean=7.14). Regarding the best type of educational method for information acquisition, verbal/face-to-face method got the highest score (Mean=9.05).

An appropriate and organized program should be developed for organ transplant patients to increase their health literacy as one of their undeniable rights.

Evidence shows that most diseases, including heart disease, cancer, pneumonia, and health inequalities, are all strongly influenced by social characteristics. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between social participation and general health of the elderly in Mashhad

The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive analysis for which 350 elderly retirees (employees) and retirees of the Social Security Organization (workers), based on a multi-stage method ((class, systematic random access and available) based The proportions were proportionally selected.The data were collected using the elderly demographic information questionnaire, GHQ general health questionnaire and social participation questionnaire.The data obtained using SPSS-v24 software and using correlation tests, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance And multiple linear regression was analyzed.

The mean and standard deviation of age of the research units was 68.91 7 7.62 years. The mean scores of general health and social participation were 15.19 and 31.71, respectively. The variables of social participation along with age, marriage, gender, employment, source of income, income satisfaction, illness and life companions as independent variables predicted 15% of general health (P <0.05).

In this study, no significant results were observed between the relationship between social participation and public health in retired elderly. Further research focusing on more individual factors such as age, marital status, gender, employment, source of income, income satisfaction, illness, and life companions can be useful for planning and implementing comprehensive and effective strategies.

Invasive fungal infections due to Aspergillus and Candida often occur in leukemia and transplantation patients because of a severe compromised in their immune systems. Rapid identification and initiation of treatment in the early stages of the disease can reduce mortality from fungal infection. The aim of this study was the identification of invasive fungal infections by Real-time PCR in patients with hematologic disorders and bone marrow transplantation.

patients with immunodeficiency hospitalized in Mashhad hospitals between March to November 2018 were evaluated for invasive fungal infections using TaqMan Real-time PCR with fluorescence probes and specific primers to identify fungal DNA in peripheral blood samples.

Seventy-five patients participated in this study. The female/ male ratio was 34 (45.3%)/ 41 (54.7%). The most common underlying disease was acute lymphoblastic leukemia (45.3%) and acute myeloid leukemia (32%) and the lowest was related to haemophagocytic patients with lymphohistiocytosis (1.3%). Blood culture results showed isolation of non-albicans Candida (13.3%) and Candida albicans (1.3%). Aspergillus species was not isolated from the blood culture. Real-time PCR were positive for Candida albicans and Aspergillus species in 5 (6.7%) and 9 patients (12%), respectively and 61 patients (81.3%) had negative results for invasive fungal infections.

Fungi are one of the major cause of infections in the patients with hematologic disorders. Real-time PCR techniques can be a reliable and fast way to diagnose these infections and manage the disease in high-risk individuals.

Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems in the last century that threatens human health and particulate matter is one of the deadliest types of air pollution.This study was done to choose the best interpolation algorithm in the spatial distribution of PM2.5 suspended particles in Mashhad in 1395by different spatial models.

PM2.5 particulate concentrations was collected from 21 active air quality measuring stations in different parts of Mashhad and IDW, Ordinary Kriging (OK) and Universal Kriging (UK) interpolation models were evaluated to spatially investigate the air pollution situation in Mashhad. The root mean square error (RMSE) was used to compare the models and select the best model, and the Standardized RMSE was used to choose the most optimal conditions for running the OK and UK models.

The results showed that the highest seasonal average of PM2.5 pollutants in 1395 was related to autumn (40.84 µg/m3) and the lowest was related to spring (27.78 µg/m3). Also, the east to north area of Mashhad is in a more unfavorable situation in pollution concentration than the western areas of the city. Comparison of models using RMSE index also showed that OK model due to having the lowest amount of RMSE for seasonal average and annual concentration of suspended particles PM2.5 has a lower error in the predicted values than the measurement, so it has better conditions for intermediation.

This research eventually led to the production of maps of PM2.5 Pollutants situation in the whole city of Mashhad, which is very useful in order to identify high-risk areas in the city and use useful measures to reduce air pollution in those areas.

Heavy metals contamination of soils is one of the main environmental problems. Heavy metals are considered as one most dangerous groups of pollutants because of their toxicity and stability. The biological and ecological importance of heavy metals is due to their characteristics of polluting, their toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of heavy metals in region Dehnow Shandiz (North West of mashhad).

In the present study, 20 soil samples (10-30 cm depth) collected and total concentration of As, Cd, Co, Cr and Ni were measured using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer device. Also, some other soil properties including PH, Organic carbon, CEC and soil texture proportions were measured.

The results showed that the average concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr and Ni in the study area were 10.87, 0.26, 14.8, 56.6 and 68.2 mg/kg respectively. Also the results of statistical analysis showed that the standard deviations of As, Cd, Co, Cr and Ni in the study area were 1.97, 0.16, 1.32, 19.47 and 17.39 respectively.

The results indicate that the average concentration of Ni in the soil of study area were higher than the standard of the Environmental Protection Organization of Iran and As, Cd, Co and Cr were lower than the standard. The presence of serpentinite soils has increased the concentration of nickel in the region.

The aim of this study was to investigate dust origin particulate (PM2.5) in Mashhad city in a long period of time (2014-2019) based on unhealthy days. Furthermore, changes in meteorological parameters and their relationship with dust storms have also been investigated.

In order to locate dust pollution hotspots in mashhad air, first, information about unhealthy days of Mashhad city in a 5-year period was obtained from the site of Mashhad Pollutants Monitoring Center and then HYSPLIT model was used to locate air pollution hotspots caused by particulate matter. To verify the results, the outputs obtained from this model were also compared with the DREAM8b model.

By examining the meteorological parameters and its relationship with the outputs obtained from THEHYSPLIT and DREAM8b models, the maximum wind speed and relative humidity were obtained in autumn. There was no rainfall in the studied days (19 days) and the highest temperature was related to summer, indicating the relationship between the occurrences of polluted days due to particulate matter less than μ 2.5, wind speed and relative humidity in autumn. The results of the two models showed that the southern and northeastern regions of Mashhad city had the highest source of dust particles during the studied days.

 Although in previous articles, the origin of dust in Mashhad city was announced outside the geographical boundaries of the province, long-term investigation at low altitude (below 10m) showed that local origin of dust have an essential role in air pollution in Mashhad city under unstable atmospheric conditions. Inappropriate use of agricultural lands and severe changes in land use often in the northern region and implementation of construction projects such as the southern belt of Mashhad city play essential roles in increasing PM2.5 particles in the air of Mashhad. This finding shows the importance of decision making for the implementation of soil stabilization projects etc... at the local level.

Along with general health indices, policymakers have been increasingly dealing with the Subjective well-being (SWB) of society as a criterion to evaluate their performance. The objective of this study was to investigate urban-outskirts differences in SWB levels of Mashhad dwellers while focusing on different determinants of SWB.

This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted in the city and outskirts of Mashhad metropolis based on the data obtained from structured interviews according to a designed questionnaire with 300 people. Participants were selected using the stratified two-stage cluster sampling method. Data analysis was performed using 14.2 STATA software using Ordered Probit econometric techniques and presented the results of descriptive data analysis and correlation study between them.

The mean (SD) score of SWB of the outskirts dwellers on a seven-point scale was significantly lower than urban dwellers: 2.9 (0.9) vs. 3.3(1.0) (P<0.1). The relative financial satisfaction of individuals is one of the most influential variables on the level of SWB, and a unit decrease of it decreases the probability of dissatisfaction of individuals by 6% in the whole sample (P<0.01). Besides, a unit increase in the index of religious beliefs has a significant effect of 2% (P<0.1) on the reduction of the probability of dissatisfaction of city dwellers, while this effect is not significant among the other group.

Living on the outskirts reduces the level of SWB. Being more satisfied with the financial status and that of the family, and having more positive emotions, being a woman and having academic education in the whole sample, having a more religious belief in city dwellers moreover being a woman, living with a partner and owning a property in outskirt dwellers are significant determinants.

Nosocomial infections have always been one of the major health problems, and it is becoming increasingly important and a challenge for the health system of different countries. In this study, the contamination in the environment and equipment of two hospitals of Mashhad were studied.

This cross-sectional study was performed in two academic hospitals. The sampling method was convenient based on policy of infection control committee of each hospital. Environmental samples were collected from water, sink, patient bed and incubators. Samples were cultured in bacterial culture media and phenotypically identified. .

Out of 323 samples, 272 (84.2%) were from Qaem Hospital and 51 (15.8%) from Imam Reza Hospital. Overall, 47.1% of samples of Imam Ghaem hospital (128 samples) and 33.3% of samples of Imam Reza hospital (17 samples) were positive (p = 0.071). Overall, the most prevalent organisms were Bacillus (54 samples, 16.7%) followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (22 samples, 6.8%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (16 samples, 0.5%). Others were consisted of Acinetobacter, Enterobacter and pseudomonas spp.

Bacillus species have a high persistence in the environment due to Sporulation and their removal will be an indicator of proper environmental health. The presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the hospital environment reveals the importance of environmental health control and monitoring programs.

Reproductive health is not merely limited to family planning programs, rather it involves devoting broader attention to social conditions that affect a woman's overall health and role in fertility and sexuality. Regarding this, safe motherhood refers to a set of actions and activities that aims to reach a desired level of health for the mother and neonate. Therefore, this study was performed to determine safe motherhood indicators among women of reproductive age.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the safe motherhood indicators of 1,019 pregnant women referring to teaching hospitals in Mashhad, Iran, in 2020. The samples was chosen with convenient Sampling method. The necessary data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic and fertility characteristics. The gathered data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) using descriptive statistics.

Based on the results, 96% and 33.5% of the subjects referred for prenatal care and preconception care, respectively. It was revealed that 67.8% of the cases used family planning services. The first prenatal visit of 87.7% of women was in the first trimester of pregnancy. It was also found that 58.5% and 33.1% of the subjects underwent natural childbirth and cesarean section, respectively, and 6.1% of pregnancies resulted in abortion.

The results showed that most women did not refer to receive preconception care to be prepared for this period; rather, they refer for prenatal care as soon as the pregnancy occurs. About a third of women do not have a fertility plan; therefore, there is still a gap in the field of healthy reproduction program and preconception care until reaching the desired level. In this respect, it is required to adopt a suitable strategy in this field.

Road Traffic Accidents around the world cause about 1.2 million deaths each year. Also, injuries and disabilities of 20 to 50 million people are estimated annually. According to UNICEF reports Road Traffic accidents are the second leading cause of death for people between the ages of 5 and 25. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the epidemiological indicators of mortality and road traffic injuries in children and adolescents under the age of 15 years old in Mashhad.

This is a Cross-sectional-analytical study and was done cross-sectionally. In this study, all traumatic injuries victims of Mashhad city in 2016, who referred to City Hospitals were investigated and was used by Ferdows Organization of Mashhad to collect death data. This study was a survey-based study and lacked sampling.

The findings of this study showed that the total number of children died in Road traffic accidents in 2016 was 72, of which 45 (62.5%) were male and 27 (37.5%) were female. The total number of injured children was 4298, of which 2814 (65%) were male and 1484 (35%) were female. The incidence of lesions in males and females and in both genders was 740.5, 412, and 581 per 100,000, respectively.

Our study shows that most of the deaths were due to car occupants, and this shows the importance of using seat belts and child seats. In the case of pedestrian deaths, there also seems to be an urgent need for Culture building for drivers and educate children in this area.