جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Methylene blue » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Ensuring access to safe drinking water is a significant health issue in contemporary society. Industrial dyes, such as Methylene Blue (MB), play a substantial role in water pollution, making water unsuitable for consumption. In this research, the three-dimensional sponge-like mesoporous material TUD-1, doped with two different metals (Sn and Al) at two Si-to-metal ratios (25 and 50), was synthesized and utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of MB via the adsorption method. The adsorption data underwent analysis using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Notably, for Sn25-TUD-1, Sn50-TUD-1, and Al50-TUD-1 adsorbents, the Langmuir model exhibited a better fit than the Freundlich model. Conversely, for Al25-TUD-1, the Freundlich model provided more accurate predictions. All adsorbents were assessed using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Remarkably, all prepared adsorbents effectively removed MB from water. Particularly, Sn50-TUD-1, with a remarkable BET surface area of 866 m² g⁻¹, demonstrated the highest performance with the removal capacity of 1785.6 mg g-1, at pH 7-10 and reached 1689.6 mg g-1 after five cycles of recycling. A possible mechanism for the adsorption of MB on M-TUD-1 is proposed. This research highlights the potential of TUD-1 adsorbents for efficient MB removal from wastewater.

The newest virus from the SARS family of viruses called acute syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19 disease, was identified in China at the end of 2019. In March 2020, after it spread to 29 additional countries, it was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly starts through the respiratory tract and causes a wide spectrum of symptoms from asymptomatic infections to acute respiratory distress syndrome with multi-organ failure and vasoplegic shock. Among the many immunomodulatory and antiviral drugs that have been studied for the treatment of COVID-19, methylene blue (MB) may play an influential role. This article reviews the history of MB applications, the antiviral effects of MB against SARS-CoV-2, and the results of in vivo and in vitro studies of the use of MB in COVID-19. Based on studies, MB can simultaneously affect most of the host’s harmful responses caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection due to its multiple properties, including anti-hypoxemia, anti-oxidant, immune system modulator, and antiviral. The use of MB is associated with a reduction in the possibility of getting infection, and mortality, and can be used as a safe, effective, cheap, and available treatment option with minimal side effects for the clinical management of COVID-19.

The presence of treatment-resistant microorganisms is known as the main cause of pulpectomy failure in the endodontic treatment of deciduous teeth. The usage of lasers can contribute to reducing these microorganisms. This study aimed to compare the effect of three disinfection methods for deciduous teeth canals using laser diode 810 nm, photodynamic therapy with laser 660 nm and methylene blue, and sodium hypochlorite.

In this experimental study, 58 single-root deciduous teeth with no root resorption were investigated in four groups, including one control group of 10 and three intervention groups of 16. Preparation of the samples was done using manual files up to three numbers after the initial file. After sterilizing the samples in an autoclave, Enterococcus faecalis bacteria were cultured in the canals. In the first group, irrigating with hypochlorite 2.5% was done; in the second group, photodynamic therapy was performed using a laser diode and 0.1 mg/mL methylene solution; and in the third group, high-intensity laser 810 nm direct radiation was done into the canal. Next, samples were taken from all canals. The colony formation unit (CFU) of the bacteria was counted in the blood agar culture medium. The data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and negative binomial a regression test (a =0.05).

The mean CFU differed significantly between the four groups. The rate of incidence of E. faecalis colonies showed a reduction in all three intervention groups compared to the negative control. In the high-intensity laser 810 nm group, there was 68.4%; in the photodynamic therapy with diode 660 nm and methylene blue, there was 88%; and in the hypochlorite group, 98.3% reduction was observed compared to the negative control group.

Based on the results of this study, to compare three disinfection methods of the deciduous teeth canals without preparation of canals, sodium hypochlorite had greater efficiency All three groups of laser, photodynamic therapy, and sodium hypochlorite showed reductions of E. faecalis bacterial colony compared to the control group. The reductive effects of CFU were greater in the hypochlorite sodium group, followed by photodynamic and direct laser radiation groups.

In the present study, different morphologies (viz., spherical and nanoroad) of zinc oxide (ZnO) were successfully deposited on the biochar support material via a simple hydrothermal approach. The biochar utilized in this research was obtained through the pyrolysis process of pistachio residues. Characterization of the prepared ZnO/biochr nanocomposites was carried out using FT-IR, XRD, DRS, EDS and SEM analyses. DRS data analysis revealed that the band gap energies of the fabricated nanocomposites were measured to be 2.98 eV and 3.08 eV for the spherical ZnO/biochar and nanoroad ZnO/biochar, respectively. Under visible light irradiations, the prepared photocatalysts were assessed for their photocatalytic abilities in degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. The degradation of MB on ZnO/biochar catalysts demonstrates a strong correlation with a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Besides, the suggested photocatalyst substance indicated good reusability, retaining its performance for at least five cycles. The utilization of low expense biochar support in conjunction with nanosized ZnO nanostructures presents a promising idea to achieve efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants.

The success of endodontic treatment is based on microbial reduction promoted by the interaction of chemical and mechanical procedures. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used as an adjunct to conventional treatment, with significant microbial reduction. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) of the photosensitizer (PS) used in PDT on microbial reduction in the root canal system.

Forty-five mesiobuccal root canals from extracted human mandibular molars that were inoculated with standard strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, and Streptococcus mutansfor 21 days were selected. The root canals were prepared using the ProTaper Next system and randomly divided into 3 groups (n=15): 1) PDT : PDT alone; 2) PUI+PDT: PUI followed by PDT; and 3) PUI/PS+PDT: PUI of the PS followed by PDT. Microbiological samples were collected from the canals before and after using the protocols described above. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Tukey’s test) at a significance level of 5%.

Microbial counts before PDT, PUI+PDT, and PUI/PS+PDT did not differ significantly (P>0.05), showing methodological standardization in the microbial contamination of the root canal system. There was a significant reduction in microbial counts after PDT (61.05%), PUI+PDT (65.04%), and PUI/PS+PDT (68.58%) (P<0.01), but with no statistically significant difference between the three groups (P>0.05).

Based on the present findings, it was concluded that the combination of PUI with PDT or PS activation did not influence microbial reduction achieved by PDT alone

This study investigates the efficacy of sonodynamic and low-dose radiation with methylene blue and gold nanoparticles coated with apigenin sonosensitizer on breast cancer cells.

Method and Materials:

 HR-TEM, UV-visible, zeta-potential, FTIR, and DLS were used to confirm the synthesized gold nanoparticles coated with apigenin. The concentration of gold nanoparticles coated with apigenin and methylene blue was calculated, and then ultrasound and 2 Gy x-rays were used to irradiate them.

The results showed that sonodynamic therapy in combination with radiation at a concentration of 8 µg/ml nanoparticles and 0.4 µmol methylene blue had a significant effect on cell death (0.26± 0.02).

This study highlights the potential of sonodynamic therapy as a non-ionizing and non-invasive treatment, as well as the possibility of eliminating the side effects of cancer treatment by using green nanoparticles rather than chemical sensitizers.

Novel results in this study showcase the utilization of sunlight-dried, ground Lablab purpureus husk (LLPh), treated with water and alkali, as a highly efficient bio-adsorbent for the removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions. Methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG), and crystal violet (CV) were effectively adsorbed onto NaOH activated LLPh (NaOH-LLPh) as bio-adsorbent. Employing the Chromatrap method within a column, successfully removed these dyes, while the surface morphology of the bio-adsorbent was elucidated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. FTIR spectrometric data revealed valuable insights into the extent of adsorption. The impact of factors including adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, and flow rate on the adsorption process was systematically studied and optimized. Up to 1000 µg/mL of MB and MG, 50 µg/mL of CV were found to be effectively removed by adsorption at pH 4-5, 3 and 2, respectively, at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The results of kinetic studies and adsorption isotherms of above-mentioned dyes indicates that, all the three dyes follow the pseudo-second order kinetics. The adsorption of MB and MG are well fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model. The other dye CV suits with the Freundlich isotherm model. Based on the results, NaOH-LLPh, as an inexpensive and eco-friendly adsorbent, is suitable for the removal of cationic organic dyes from aqueous samples.

Microbial agents play a crucial role in periapical lesions and despite mechanical preparation, presence of persistent bacteria in root canal system is a challenge. Photodynamic therapy offers a debridement method, utilizing photosensitizers such as Curcumin, Indocyanine Green (ICG), and Methylene Blue (MB). This study aimed to assess and compare the penetration depth of these photosensitizers on the lateral surface of the root canal.

The crown of 30 single-rooted teeth were separated by a diamond disc. The canals were prepared using a rotary systemand were rinsed with 10 mL of 2.5% NaOCl. In order to remove the smear layer debris, 17% EDTA was placed in the root canal for 1 min, then rinsed with NaOCl and saline. The teeth were sterilized by autoclave and randomly assigned to three groups thatfilled with curcumin, ICG, or MB. Subsequently, they were incubated for 10 min and dried up by paper. Longitudinal sections were cut, and penetration depth of the photosensitizers in coronal, middle, and apical sections were measured using a stereomicroscope.

Curcumin demonstrated a higher average penetration depth (3000 μm) than MB, and MB showed higher penetration depth than ICG. Significantly different penetration depths were observed in pairwise comparisons among all three groups (P<0.005).

Curcumin with its superior average penetration depth, emerges as a promising choice for effective root canal disinfection in endodontic treatments. Consideration of these findings may enhance the selection of photosensitizers in clinical applications.

Methemoglobinemia is one of the rare causes of cyanosis, encountered in the Emergency Department. It can be congenital or acquired, affecting the oxygen binding capacity of hemoglobin, thus shifting the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left. It is potentially life-threatening, but it responds well to specific therapies, if recognized and intervened early. MetHb levels >70% are often described as incompatible with life.

Case:

 Here, we describe two cases of near-fatal MH (MetHb levels >70%), one with intentional and the other with accidental ingestion of substance-producing MH, and its management which highlights how timely diagnosis and prompt appropriate treatment in the Emergency Department can be lifesaving. Both cases were at physiological extremes on arrival to the ED. However, the early clinical suspicion and prompt diagnosis of methemoglobinemia, which was confirmed by blood co-oximetry, helped expedite the delivery of specific anti-dote for methemoglobin, i.e., intravenous methylene blue. Both patients responded well to the treatment and were hemodynamically stable within 6 hours

Cyanosis, which does not respond to oxygen, and low saturation levels not responding to oxygen therapy should raise the suspicion of Methemoglobinemia (MH). Early diagnosis and prompt administration of methylene blue are the key factors for survival.

In the present studies, cytotoxicity evaluation of camphor-mediated bimetallic nanoparticles has been done. The IC50 value of Te combined Se, Zr, and Ce bimetallic nanoparticles are 18.0, 16.0, 175.4,38.9 µg/ml respectively. A maximum proportion of cell activity attained at 16 µg/ml reveals the size-dependent anticancer property of TeSe, Tezr, and TeCe BNPs towards the MCF -7 Cell line and SeZr towards skin cancer cell lines. The surface morphology with particle size and optical attribute of camphor-mediated BNPs can be analyzed by various studies such as Uv- visible spectroscopy, XRD, AFM, SEM –EDX, HR-TEM, and XPS study the size of the SeZr BNPs was observed to less than 100 nm, which conforms to the bioactive nature of bimetallic nanoparticles. In addition, the photocatalytic behaviour of camphor-mediated SeZr BNPs has been tested by using methylene blue dye under natural sunlight and UV illumination. Hence, the result of the studies shows a maximum of 87% degradation within 60 min for same concentration solution at PH 9 which can be due to increases in hydroxyl ion concentration. Further, a comparative study in catalytic activity on photo degradation of MB dye with an optimized sample was carried out under UV irradiation. The reusability test was performed after 60 min degradation, implying the Photocatalyst’s stability. Further, pseudo -first- order kinetic model was performed for obtained data. This is the first report on catalytic degradation using camphor-mediated SeZr BNPs to effective removal of pollutants in waste water streams

Here we report a simple and eco-friendly solvothermal synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride nanospheres (g-CNNS) at 180 oC. The synthesized g-CNNS is characterized by various analytical techniques such as FESEM, PXRD, BET isotherm, Zeta potential, EDX and FT-IR spectroscopy. The adsorption property of g-CNNS is studied using four different dyes in aqueous medium and found that g-CNNS is an efficient material for cationic dye adsorption. A Comprehensive investigation of the kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics of methylene blue (MB) adsorption, is carried out. The adsorption of MB on g-CNNS is well described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the experimental data fits well with pseudo-second order kinetics. The high rate of adsorption (94.92% MB removal in 120 minute at neutral pH) is attributed to electrostatic interaction between negative charged g-CNNS and cationic organic dye molecule. Additionally, g-CNNS demonstrated good reusability, retaining its efficiency for at least three cycles. Over all our findings suggests that g-CNNS has potential as an efficient adsorbent for wastewater treatment.

Preoperative marking of impalpable breast lesions is crucial for limiting false negative results and reducing the size of the resected breast tissue, thus improving cosmesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate wire localization versus intralesional methylene blue marking for surgical excision of impalpable breast lesions regarding the success of localization, cost, and limitations of both techniques. This prospective cohort study included 50 patients with impalpable breast lesions or an area of suspicious microcalcification who were scheduled for surgical excision in the period between June 2020 and December 2021. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: group I included 25 patients for surgical excision after preoperative ultrasound-guided methylene blue marking. Group II included 25 patients scheduled for surgical excision after preoperative guide wire localization under radiological guidance. Localization by methylene blue injection has been associated with significantly shorter time of operation with mean duration (P = 0.018) and much reduced cost in comparison with guide wire (P < 0.001). Postoperative pain, reactions, ecchymosis, accuracy of localization, margin status, and patient satisfaction did not vary significantly between both groups. Localization by methylene blue injection is not only equally successful to guide wire in locating and identifying impalpable breast lesions for surgical excision, but also is significantly less costly and associated with a shorter duration of operation.

Urea agricultural products normally have low toxicity. However, most of the severe poisoning occurs after urea ingestion, which causes gastrointestinal symptoms. There is no robust evidence about inhalation or topical exposure; however, in animals, it has been documented dyspnea, methemoglobinemia, carboxyhemoglobin, hemorrhages, and brain degenerative changes. Case report: A 31-year-old male without medical history had a fainting episode prior to the use of urea fertilizer. Laboratory tests showed a progressive increase in renal function, from 1.47 mg/dl up to 10 mg/dl requiring renal replacement therapy, and remarkably high aminotransferase levels. Also an aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase at 10150 U/L and 2150 U/L, were reported respectively. The clinical manifestations progressed to respiratory failure, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for 10 days with successful extubation and a return to normal saturation without supplemental oxygen.

Urea poisoning due to agricultural product use is a rare condition. In this exceptional case, our patient presented with a life-threatening condition. Even though it is not well-established as a standard treatment, management with intravenous methylene blue can improve the symptoms associated with methemoglobinemia, provide breathing support, and prevent renal damage or the use of renal replacement therapy in cases of acute renal failure.

Reports of urea herbicide poisoning are extremely rare, and little is known about how to effectively manage urea poisoning as it normally presents mild symptoms. Correct identification of the agricultural product causing the poisoning is crucial to direct therapeutic efforts.

Industrial effluents produce vast amounts of pollutants and account for 20% of industrial wastewater annually. Methylene blue (MB) is one of the most widely used dyes in the medical, pharmaceutical, and textile industries. However, it is toxic to living organisms, and even a short-time exposure to it can be potentially harmful. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of zinc oxide nanoparticles in removing MB from aqueous solutions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The effects of various parameters such as pH (3-10), ZnO nanoparticle dose (0.01-0.08 g/L), reaction time (5-50 minutes), initial concentration of MB (20-200 mg/L), and the hydrogen peroxide concentration (0.5-5 mg/L) were studied. The wavelength of maximum absorption (λmax) was 665 nm. The optimal pH value was 5, zinc oxide nanoparticle dose was 0.05 g/L, the initial concentration of MB was 40 mg/L, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was 2 mg/L, and the contact time was 20 minutes. The efficiency of MB removal was 97.99%. The results showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles in the presence of hydrogen peroxide could remove the MB from aqueous solutions with high efficiency.

This study aimed to compare the effects of laser photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methylene blue (MB) or aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line.

In this in vitro experimental study, the C152 (KB) OSCC cell line was cultured in a culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The cells were exposed to 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 mM concentrations of MB and ALA alone and combined with diode laser irradiation with 660 nm wavelength, 40 mW power, and 10 J/cm2 energy density in continuous‑wave mode perpendicular to the surface. Cell viability was assessed using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and compared among the groups by the Kruskal–Wallis test.

The results showed that the reduction in cell viability in the MB + laser and ALA + laser groups was greater than that in the MB and ALA groups without laser (P < 0.001). Significant differences were noted in cell viability in the presence of some different concentrations of MB and ALA (P < 0.05), such that by an increase in their concentration, cell viability decreased. Cell viability in the MB + laser group was significantly lower than that in the ALA + laser group in some photosensitizer concentrations (P < 0.05).

Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the results showed that laser PDT with MB (high concentrations) was more effective than laser PDT with ALA against the OSCC cell line.

The present work reports the synthesis of Cetyl trimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) assisted CdO nanoparticles with different concentration of CTAB (0.0M, 0.04M, 0.08M and 0.12M) by co-precipitation and their potential application in photocatalysis. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results indicate that crystallite size increases as concentration of CTAB is increased. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) exhibit that flat sheet-like morphology is changing into thin needle-like structure with concentration of surfactant. Elemental Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed existence of constituents and hence marks purity of prepared samples. Broad peak of Raman spectra is consisting of three bands from 200-500 cm-1 while Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra certifies vibration of Cd and O bond are present at 530 cm-1. Optical Band gap is found to slightly decrease due to addition of CTAB. Dye degradation results showed that CdO nanoparticles can degrade Methylene Blue (MB) dye and Rose Bengal (RB) Dye degrades upto 83% and 85% respectively within 80 minutes of light irradiation.

In gynecological cancers, sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping has been proposed as an alternative to complete lymph node dissection. The goal of this study was to determine sentinel lymph node mapping's sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV versus gold standard surgery (complete lymph node dissection) in patients with metastatic illness. A total of 26 patients were prospectively enrolled from spring 2021 to winter 2022. Sentinel lymph node mapping with complete pelvic lymph node dissection was done in all of them, and para-aortic lymphadenectomy was detected in 11 (43.33%) patients. At least one sentinel lymph node was successfully mapped in 22 (84.6%) patients. Three patients (11.5%) had positive lymph nodes, with an 85.7% sensitivity (95 percent CI) to detect node positive illness, a specificity of 74.93%, an NPV of 99.6 (99.5 CI), and a PPV of 5.9% calculated. There were no serious adverse effects due to blue dye. The accuracy rate of sentinel lymph node mapping by methylene blue was 75.1%.

Statement of the Problem: 

Staphylococcus aureus (S.A) can colonize in the skin, nasal cavity, and oral cavity. In the oral cavity, it can cause dental caries and periodontal disease. Mouthwashes can be used as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control methods to decrease the load of oral microorganisms. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a commonly used antimicrobial mouthwash with side effects such as changing the sense of taste, tooth discoloration, oral mucosal burning, allergy, and xerostomia. It also has adverse systemic effects, if swallowed.

This study aimed to assess the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with curcumin and methylene blue (MB) photosensitizers and different laser parameters on S.A colony count.

In this in vitro experimental study, 99 samples of standard-strain S.A were subjected to PDT with curcumin and MB photosensitizers with/without irradiation of 660 and 445 nm laser with different exposure parameters, and CHX in 9 groups (n=11). The samples were cultured in microplates containing Mueller-Hinton agar, and the number of colony forming units (CFUs) was counted after 24 h of incubation at 37°C. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests.

The minimum colony count was noted in CHX group (CFUs=0) followed by MB and 660nm diode laser group irradiated for 100 s (CFUs=147.2727±169.35707). The difference in this respect was significant between MB+660nm diode laser for 100 s and other groups (p< 0.05) except for the MB + 660 nm diode laser for 60 s group.

CHX is superior to laser for elimination of S.A. However, PDT with 660 nm diode laser + MB has considerable antimicrobial efficacy against S.A; increasing the duration of laser irradiation enhances the antimicrobial effect.