جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Parents » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Parents play an important role in the sexual health of adolescents. There are multiple ways to educate adolescents about sexual issues, but the most effective method of imparting sexual knowledge to them is through sexual conversations between parents and adolescents. The aim of improving the sexual health of adolescents has been achieved through the design and implementation of many studies in the field of sexual education of parents, Sexual education for adolescents has been examined through different aspects by each of these. The present study aimed to review the articles that have been conducted in the field of sexual education of parents and the effect of parental educational intervention on the parents' communication skills and adolescent's sexual health.

This study is a systematic review in that relevant articles between 2000 and 2023 were extracted by searching internal and external databases including Magiran, Irandoc, SID, Science Direct, Scopus,  Web of Sciences, PubMed, and DOAJ. Relevant studies were searched using sex education, sexual behavior, parents, adolescents, dialogue, intervention, and clinical trials in external databases and their Persian equivalents in internal databases. Inclusion criteria included types of clinical or semi-experimental trials, the target group of parents, and articles with full text, in Farsi or English. Related articles were reviewed using PICO criteria. So studies conducted on parents (mother, father, or both) and teenagers were considered. In terms of intervention, studies that included educational interventions including lectures, film watching, role-playing, and other educational methods were included in the study. Desirable outcomes for the present study include parents' sexual literacy, parents' skills in communicating with their adolescents, condom use skills, avoiding premature sexual relations, and promotion of adolescents' sexual health.

The number of primary studies found in the relevant databases equaled 66 articles. After removing duplicates (12 articles), articles were screened based on the title and abstract, and as a result, 21 articles were removed due to lack of relevance to the study title. Out of the remaining 33 articles, 13 articles that had full text and matched the inclusion criteria of the present study were included in the study. Based on the results of the included studies in this systematic review regarding the types of effects of parental educational intervention, the results obtained in two categories: the effect of parental educational interventions on parents' communication skills on sexual issues (8 studies) and the effect of parental educational interventions on adolescent’s sexual health (6 studies) were categorized. The findings of the study showed that teaching parents about sexual dialogue can, on the one hand, strengthen the parent's communicational skills regarding parent-adolescent sexual dialogue and increase the self-reliance of parents to solve the sexual problems of adolescents. on the other hand, promoting the sexual health of adolescents, causes them to postpone sex, use condoms, and prevent sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancy.

From the findings of the study, it can be concluded that educating parents and increasing their awareness of adolescent sexual issues, in addition to improving parents' communicational skills in dealing with adolescent sexual crises, can improve parents' sexual dialogue with adolescents and their avoidance of unhealthy sexual relations, and improve the adolescent’s sexual health.

Parents play a significant role in determining children’s oral health behaviors. Oral health literacy (OHL) refers to on one’s ability in understanding and employing oral health information in order to maintain good oral health. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between parental OHL and children’s oral health status.

Methods and Materials:

 This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study included female students attending a private school in Mashhad, Iran. This school was selected according to availability sampling. Students and their parents were invited to participate in this study and were enrolled using a census-based sampling method. Parents were asked to complete the oral health literacy standard questionnaire and their daughter’s DMFT or dmft index was measured by an oral hygienist. Parents’ demographic and social information were also recorded. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.00 statistical software. P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

A total of 632 children participated in this study. Parents showed an average OHL score of 18.85±2.88. The average DMFT index of students was 2.04±2.27. There was a negative and statistically significant relationship between parent level of OHL and children’s DMFT index as well as the number of decayed permanent teeth (P=0.020 and P=0.026, respectively). There was a positive and statistically significant correlation between parental OHL and the number of primary teeth with fillings (P=0.019). Family income was the only social factor that was significantly associated with the child’s DMFT index (P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between parents’ age, gender, educational degree, and occupation and their level of OHL (P<0.05 for all).

The results of this study showed that promoting parental oral health can influence students' DMFT index. Therefore, developing interventions that can ameliorate parents’ level of oral health literacy can improve the oral health outcomes of students.

According to the statistics of the Ministry of Health of Iran, the consumption of antibiotics has a high trend in Iran. So that nearly half of the prescriptions contain at least one antibiotic. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of parents toward the use of antibiotics for children in outpatient clinics in pediatric hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

Methods and Materials: 

400 samples of children’s parents referred to the pediatric hospital pharmacy were participated in this cross-sectional study. The tool of the present research was a research made questionnaire, which was created based on a review of the literature and the valid research conducted on the subject of the research. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured using the test-retest method and the validity of the questionnaire was measured using the experts opinions (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.89%).

In the survey of parents’ knowledge, 39% believed that antibiotics treat viral infections. 31.5% of parents believed that if their child has symptoms of cough, runny nose, and sore throat and receives antibiotics, it will be treated faster. 28.8% believed that antibiotics should be stopped as soon as the patient’s symptoms disappeared. In examining parents’ attitudes, 123 parents (30.8%) agreed, and 41 parents (10.2%) completely agreed that they have little knowledge about bacterial resistance. Half of the parents (50.0%) believed that the per capita consumption of antibiotics is high in Iran. Previous antibiotics prescribed by the doctor were the most common reason for parents taking antibiotics without consulting a specialist for similar symptoms (38.5%), and the least common reason was the convenience of buying antibiotics from a pharmacy (12.8%). Furthermore, 42.8 percent preferably use the child’s doctor and the pharmacist as
sources of information about antibiotics.

The results of this survey showed that the majority of parents do not have enough information about antibiotics. Therefore, it seems that a written and appropriate program should be planned to inform and increase information literacy. Doctors were considered as the most important source of information for obtaining information about antibiotic use, followed by pharmacists. Therefore, doctors and pharmacists should consider more time for counseling with parents and this time should be closer to the standard time.

Due to the importance of preserving baby teeth, it is necessary for parents to have correct information about dental services for these teeth, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the acceptance of suggested treatments for baby teeth by parents.

In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, 218 parents of children under 12 years old who were referred to the Pediatric Dentistry Department of Yazd Faculty of Dentistry in 2022 were randomly included in this study. The acceptance rate of dental treatments was asked by a checklist with 7 comprehensive questions and the answers were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and Chi-square statistical test.

Out of 218 parents who participated in this study, 38 (17.4%) were male and 180 (82.6%) were female. The most acceptable treatments by parents were: pulp treatment (98.6%), dental radiographs (97.7%), tooth extraction (97.2%) and stainless-steel crowns (95%). The lowest rate of acceptance was for general anesthesia (23.4 %), fissure sealant (30.7 %) and sedation technique (36.2 %), respectively. Acceptance of fluoride gel and sedation by mothers was significantly higher than fathers (P <0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of the age and gender of the child with the acceptance of treatment by their parents (P<0.05).

Based on the findings of the present study, the most and the least acceptable treatments according to parents were pulp therapy and general anesthesia services, respectively. Parents' level of education, monthly income, child's age،, and gender did not have a significant impact on parents' acceptance of treatment.

Childhood cancer is a prevalent and debilitating disease that serves as a major cause of mortality among children. Awareness of a child's cancer diagnosis generates substantial psychological distress in parents, impairing their quality of life (QOL) across physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains. Consequently, parents require adequate resilience and coping skills to navigate this challenging situation. This study aimed to determine the level of resilience and its association with QOL in parents of children with cancer in Urmia, Iran.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2022 with a convenience sample of 345 parents of children with cancer in Urmia. Data were collected using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the SF-12 QOL questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and analytical statistics at a significance level of P < 0.05.

The mean resilience score of the parents was 65.84, with fathers exhibiting higher resilience than mothers. A significant positive correlation was observed between resilience and QOL (P < 0.001). Additionally, significant associations were found between parental resilience and characteristics such as age and duration of the child's illness, parental age, family economic status, occupation, and educational level (P < 0.005).

Parents of children with cancer can improve their QOL by strengthening their resilience. In this regard, utilizing religious, social, educational, and psychological resources can be highly effective.

In the present study, the factors related to the acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine by the parents of children aged 5 to 12 years were investigated.

This web-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2022 on 340 parents of children aged 5-12 in Bojnord City. The data collection tool of the study included the demographic profile form and the attitude and awareness form about the COVID-19 vaccine for children. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square, and independent t-tests.

More than 60% of parents did not want to vaccinate their children against covid-19. Most parents declared the vaccine's dangerousness as their most important concern (45.9%). Most parents evaluated their knowledge and awareness about the covid-19 disease and its vaccine at an average level (57.4%). There was no significant relationship between the level of parents' knowledge and awareness of the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine (p < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between the indicators of gender, age, education, and especially the level of trust in the health and treatment system with parents' willingness to vaccinate their children (P < 0.05).

It seems that fear of the COVID-19 vaccines' safety for children and lack of trust in the healthcare system are among the main reasons for parents' undesirable acceptance of the vaccine. Public health interventions should focus on improving trust in the healthcare system and implementing educational campaigns to address demographic factors that contribute to vaccine hesitancy.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of congenital disorders in children, imposing a caregiving burden and psychological pressure on their families, consequently affecting their quality of life. Given that parents are the primary caregivers for these children, this study aims to investigate the interventions for improving the quality of life (QOL) for parents of children with CHD.

In this scoping review, conducted by the five-step methodology of Arksey and O’Malley and the PRISMA for scoping reviews checklist, a comprehensive search for relevant clinical trials was conducted in online databases, including SID, MagIran, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, without time restrictions using the keywords such as “Quality of Life”, “Congenital heart disease”, and “Parents” in English and Persian.

The initial search yielded 207 articles. After removing duplicates, 145 remained. Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria and after reading the titles and abstracts, 6 articles were finally selected for the review. The types of interventions included telehealth monitoring, face-t-face or online education and follow-up, and psychosocial interventions. The majority of the studies reported that the interventions were effective in improving the QOL for parents. Online education and follow-up using the messaging applications such as WhatsApp, or face-t-face educational sessions, were found to be effective in improving the QOL for parents. However, one study using psychosocial intervention and the other study using telehealth home monitoring along with education and follow-up using email, SMS, phone calls, or video conference, did not found an enhancement in parental QOL.

The review of previous studies indicates that, in designing interventions for improving the QOL for parents of CHD children, the use of educational materials and the inclusion of adaptive and coping strategies is essential. It is better to initiate psychosocial interventions before surgery. Overall, there is a lack of studies in this field, with the majority focusing on education and follow-up. Further studies are recommended to assess the effectiveness of new interventions in improving the QOL of the parents of CHD children, such as mindfulness-based treatments and other psychotherapies.

Anxiety is one of the common problems of childhood which, if not treated, may be associated with problems such as depression, substance abuse, suicide, academic problems, low participation in school activities, bullying, and reduced enjoyment of academic and social aspects. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the second edition of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children-Parent Form (MASC2-P).

This was an applied research in terms of purpose, and a psychometric study in terms of methodology. The statistical population included all parents of students aged 10 to 18 years in districts 2, 4, 7, and 12 of Tehran, Iran, that 425 people (183 men and 242 women) were selected as the sample by available sampling method and responded to the MASC2-P. To investigate the validity of the construct, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using LISREL software, and to investigate the reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and omega coefficient were used using SPSS software.

The results of CFA showed that this scale using 50 items measured 8 factors of injury avoidance, stress and restlessness, panic, obsessive-compulsive disorder, functional fears, ridicule and rejection, generalized anxiety, and separation anxiety. Fit indices of chi-square to degree of freedom (χ2/df) ratio, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), parsimonious normed fit index (PNFI), comparative fit index (CFI), normed fit index (NFI), non-normed fit index (NNFI), incremental fit index (IFI), and relative fit index (RFI) were obtained 2.93, 0.07, 0.86, 0.95, 0.92, 0.94, 0.95, and 0.92, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha and omega coefficients for all factors were greater than 0.83.

MASC2-P is a suitable tool to identify and screen the anxiety of children and adolescents.

 Although the pressure of care has an adverse effect on mental health of parents with children with intellectual disabilities, educational training for these children can be helpful by creating independence for these children. Accordingly, the present study is conducted by determining the effectiveness of educational training for children with intellectual disabilities on reducing the burden of care for their parents.

The current research was conducted as a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all the children under 14 withintellectual disabilities in Pakdasht city in 2021; 30 of them were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group underwent 20 training sessions, -two sessions a week for 5 hours, but the control group did not receive any training. Zarit Burden Interview was completed by their parents. Then, the obtained data was analyzed by SPSS 18 software and univariate covariance.

Data illustrated the significant difference of the parental burden mean scores between the experimental and control groups (F=107/535, P<0/01); so, it can be concluded that educational training for children with educable intellectual disabilities significantly impacts caregiving-induced burden.

Educational training for children with educable intellectual disabilities in centers related with welfare organization (private and governmental), can reduce the caregiving-induced burden and its possible devastating consequences.

Parents of children with hearing disorders use various coping strategies, including hope. Spiritual attitude can affect the level of hope in individuals. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual attitude and hope in parents of children with hearing disorders.

The present cross-sectional study was performed on 100 parents of children with hearing disorders referred to welfare centers in Hamedan, Iran, in 2021. The participants were selected by the census method. Data were collected using a demographic survey questionnaire, a Questionnaire of Spiritual Attitude, and the Miller Hope Scale. Moreover, data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16) and statistical tests.

The results of the present study indicated that the mean spiritual attitude and hope in parents of children with hearing disorders were 172.76 ± 20.21 and 184.24 ± 54.23, respectively. A direct and significant relationship was observed between spiritual attitude and hope (P<0.001). The spiritual attitude was significantly associated with birth order, history of hearing disorders in other siblings, maternal occupation, and a number of children. Furthermore, the level of hope was significantly associated with birth order, number of children, accompanying parent, economic status of parents, and educational level of the child (P<0.05).

The spiritual attitude and hope in parents of a child with hearing disorder were at a desirable level, and a significant relationship was observed between these factors and some of their demographic characteristics. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses based on parents’ characteristics, take measures to improve the spiritual attitude of parents to strengthen their hope as a successful coping method.

Family-centered care is a new healthcare standard that allows parents to be involved in their baby's healthcare. Considering that parents play an important role in caring for the baby in the hospital as well as at home after discharge, family-oriented care is always emphasized. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the viewpoint of parents of newborns hospitalized in neonatal special care unit about the implementation of family-oriented care in this unit.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 mothers and fathers of newborns hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of selected hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran. After obtaining informed consent, the researcher completed the questionnaires in a period of three months by explaining the objectives of the research as well as family-oriented care in groups and individually. The demographic information of the parents and the newborn was collected and analyzed using a researcher-made questionnaire to examine the views of the parents in different areas about the implementation of family-centered care in the neonatal special care unit.

The mean score of the questionnaires for the mothers of babies was 172.7±19.8 and the mean score of the questionnaires for the fathers was 152.5±30.9. In the area of education and information provision, the mean score of mothers was 49±3.5 and the mean score of fathers was 42.6±3.5; mothers score was significantly higher than that of fathers (p<0.001). In the area of respect for parents' rights, the mean score of fathers was 16.7±1.6 and the mean score of mothers was 11.3±5.8; in this area, the mean score of fathers was significantly higher than the score of mothers (p<0.001). In other areas, there was no statistically significant difference between the views of fathers and mothers.

The view of fathers and mothers in the field of family-centered care in special care units for newborns has been positive and satisfactory. This shows the necessity of different programs in order to improve the views of fathers and mothers.

Caring for an adult child with schizophrenia is mostly done by the parents, who are often in old age. The physical conditions and age of elderly parents and the constant dependence of these patients on them may have a significant impact on the quality of care. The present study aims to investigate the lived experiences of Iranian elderly parents with adult children having schizophrenia.

This is a qualitative phenomenological study. Colaizzi’s seven-step method was used for data analysis. Using a purposive sampling method and considering maximum diversity, 16 elderly parents of adults with schizophrenia were selected from among those referred to the treatment and support centers in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist was used in this study. 

Four main themes and 11 sub-themes were extracted. The theme of emotional burden included the sub-themes of “endless fear and worry”, “regret and shame”, and “sadness and anger”. The theme of caring burden included the sub-themes of “impaired social and family relationships”, “helplessness and ineffective support”, and “challenges of the healthcare system”. The theme of optimal and effective care included the sub-themes of “purposeful effort for the child's recovery” and “commitment and responsibility”. The theme of coping strategies included the sub-themes of “spiritual coping strategy”, “adaptive psychological strategies”, and “maladaptive psychological strategies”. 

Caring for an adult child with schizophrenia brings is burdensome and have adverse psychological consequences for elderly parents. It is essential to support these parents to help them overcome psychological challenges during caregiving and use adaptive psychological coping strategies by providing psycho-educational interventions.

parental support is an important predictor of adolescents' participation and levels of leisure-time physical activity. This study aimed to investigate the structural relationships between parental support, restructuring ability, subjective norm and leisure time physical activity.

During a descriptive research of the correlation type, data were collected using questionnaires of leisure physical activity (Godin, 2011), subjective norm (Kim et al., 2019), restructuring ability (Xie et al., 2018a) and perceived parental support (Xie et al., 2021),641 adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age, boys and girls, who had a history of physical activity in their leisure time, were collected from May to June 2022 by purposive sampling and analyzed with SPSS 25 and SmartPLS 3 software.

Path analysis shows that all the hypotheses were statistically significant at the P<0.05 level. specifically, the subjective norm had a positive effect on the restructuring ability and the of leisure physical activity adolescents (P<0.05). In addition, the restructuring ability had a positive effect on the subjective norm and leisure physical activity adolescents (P<0.05). Finally, parental support had a positive effect on adolescent's restructuring ability, subjective norm and leisure time physical activity (P<0.05). The coefficient of determination for leisure time physical activity was equal to 27.8% and it shows the concept that the variables of parental support, subjective norm and the restructuring ability to rebuild together have predicted 27.8% of leisure time physical activity. but both variables of parental support and leisure time physical activity predict a total of 52.6% of adolescents' leisure time physical activity, the share of leisure time physical activity was higher than parental support.

The results emphasize the importance of parental support for adolescents' leisure time physical activity and helping adolescents to develop the restructuring ability and subjective norm as a way to promote leisure time physical activity among adolescents. As a result, such parental support, especially for adolescent boys and girls with poor health status and high body mass index, increases the leisure time physical activity of adolescents and improves their overall health.