جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Plant » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the most common chronic diseases with a high global burden of disease. Today, the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has become more popular. In general, in developing countries, easy access and low cost of traditional medicine, and in developed countries, more access to health information, the prevalence of old age and the increase in chronic diseases are the reasons for this increasing use of traditional medicine. This study aimed to determine the rate and pattern of CAM used and their relationships with demographic characteristics among asthmatic and COPD patients. This research was a cross-sectional study performed on asthma and COPD patients (n=357) referring to the Pulmonary Diseases affiliated with Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran from 2019 to 2020. Data were collected by using semi-structured questionnaires including open and closed questions and face-to-face interviews. Three hundred and thirty-nine patients (95%) used at least one type of CAM in the last year of study. About half of the patients (49.9%) used more than two types of CAM during the last 12 months. Three hundred and four patients (85.2%) used medicinal plants. Few patients reported with the use of CAM to their physician or health care providers (16.1%, 12.5%, and 16.7% of the users of medicinal plants, bloodletting, and dry cupping respectively). Relatives and friends (77.9%) were with the most common sources of recommendation of CAM to the patients. The present study showed the high prevalence of using different types of CAM, especially herbal medicines in Iranian asthmatic and COPD patients. The main incentive for using CAM was for friends and family members, not health care providers. The use of CAM is associated with age patients age, family size, habitat, education, and occupation.

 Plants are an excellent source of phenolic compounds, which are among the most important antioxidant substances. The antioxidant properties of medicinal plants have prompted researchers to use them in the food, health and pharmaceutical industries.

 The purpose of the present study is to investigate the antioxidant properties of the methanol extract of the medicinal plants of Salsola rigida (Salsola orientalis) and wheat. The aerial parts of these plants were dried and ground. Then plant samples were prepared using homogenized methanol. Finally, the total antioxidant capacity of the mentioned plants was evaluated using ferric iron reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).

 The results showed that the total antioxidant capacity for Salsola rigida and wheat was 0.77 and 2.20 Fe2+ mmol L-1, respectively. Based on our findings, wheat showed strong antioxidant activity and S. rigida showed little antioxidant capacity.

 It is recommended to use the medicinal plants of S.rigida and wheat due to antioxidant effects against free radicals. Antioxidant medicines or supplements can be produced from the mentioned plants.

Antihypertensive plants are one of the means of hypertension control.

To examine the clinical antihypertensive efficacy and safety of the plants found in Iran.

PUBMED, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, SCIENCEDIRECT, PROQUEST, OVID, EBSCO, GOOGLE, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR were searched. The PRISMA guideline was observed. The search terms were Iran, Iranian, plant, herb, antihypertensive, hypertension and randomized controlled trial (RCT). English-language articles published until the end of 2022 were included. In-vitro and animal studies, editorials, and reviews were excluded. The methodological quality of the RCTs was evaluated using the JADAD scale.

Two hundred and eight studies were found. Only 74 of them were eligible. For Berberis vulgaris (5 studies), Nigella sativa (10 studies), Allium sativum (12 studies), Hibiscus sabdariffa (11 studies), Beta vulgaris L (15 studies), Solanum lycopersicum (5 studies), Cinnamomum verum (9 studies), Rhus coriaria (1 study), Phyllanthus emblica (1 study), Olea europaea (4 studies), and Vaccinium arctostaphylos (3 studies) were found. Most RCTs had high methodological quality and reported efficacy and no side effects.

While most trials demonstrate antihypertensive efficacy and safety, there are more evidence regarding Hibiscus sabdariffa, Olea europaea, Vaccinium arctostaphylos and Allium sativum versus the other plants.

Air pollution is a serious concern for environmental and human health, especially due to increasing the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of air pollution on plant species resistance in urban areas.

This narrative review was conducted by searching the databases of Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Springer. Sixty-five articles were screened by reading their abstracts and full texts. In the end, 12 relevant papers published from 1993 to 2021 were finally selected.

The literature review showed that the green spaces created by municipalities in different areas of the city included a set of trees and shrubs compatible by the climate, grass, soil, and water of the region, leading to a significant improvement in air quality. Based on the results, urban green space has the ability to reduce the amount of artificially produced pollutants, and the use of natural potential of trees can improve the quality of the environment depending on various factors such as the climatic condition of the region and the density and amount of vegetation cover.

The most effective ways to reduce health and economic costs include reducing the emission of pollutants from cars and industries, extending urban green space, educating citizens, and organizational planning and cooperation. The findings of this study may have important implications for selecting plant species for vegetation traffic barriers.

Mentha is a genus from the family Lamiaceae, whose essential oils has long been used in different forms. This herbal plant has traditionally been used as an alternative medicine to treat candidiasis. So, it seems crucial to find new antimicrobials that have fewer side effects. In this study, we investigated the antifungal effects of Mentha aquatica L essential oil on pathogenic Candida spp. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 137 Candida spp isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis. These yeasts were confirmed by Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Mentha aquatica L essential oil was prepared by water distillation and Clevenger apparatus. The antifungal activity of Mentha aquatica L essential oil and fluconazole versus Candida spp was determined by microbroth dilution method using CLSI guidelines. The most common species were identified that Candida albicans (63.5%), Candida glabrata (28.5%) and Candida krusei (8%), respectively. MIC50, MIC90 and geometric mean (GM) of fluconazole were 0.5 µg/ml, 4 µg/ml and 0.573 µg/ml and for Mentha aquatica L essential oil 1 µg/ml, 4 µg/ml and 0.931 µg/ml, respectively. The antifungal effect of fluconazole on Candida spp was higher than that of essential oil of plant. It seems that the inhibitory effect of essential oil of Mentha aquatica L has shown that this plant can be considered as a potential candidate for the development of antifungal drug in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

There are many anthropogenic activities that have caused the accumulation of potentially toxic metals (e.g., lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, arsenic, cobalt, and mercury) in the environment. Lead (Pb) is known as a very toxic and non-biodegradable element that has no metabolic function in living creatures. It can be easily taken up and transferred within plant tissues; consequently, it can easily enter the food chain, causing phytotoxicity, which in turn through different biochemical and enzymatic reactions, can result in severe threats to public health. After entering soil and sediments, Pb may be diffused among soil components and associated with them through different geochemical fractions, which determine the final fate of Pb in terms of bioavailability and uptake by plants. Metal bioavailability in soils is largely dependent on the soil and plant properties and interactions with other elements. In spite of the fact that there are numerous studies on the influence of heavy metals on public health but there are limited studies that consider the role of the soil-plant chain on the final fate of potentially toxic metals in respect to threat the public health. This manuscript defines a joint challenge between agricultural and medical sciences and shows that the soil (as the base of agriculture) affects human health in a variety of ways, with human health being linked to the health of the soil.

 Pistacia atlantica (PA) trees grow in all areas of Iran. Pistacia atlantica fruit is edible and mostly consumed by residents. Also, PA leaves, gum, and fruit are considered to have medicinal value in traditional medicine.

 This study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of PA leaves, gum, and fruit.

 Seventy-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 12 groups, including control and test groups. In the positive control group, the rats received the standard drug paracetamol at a dose of 100 mg/kg, IP. In the test groups, the rats received leaves, gum, and fruit extracts at the doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, IP. Then, the rats were assessed for antinociception by the tail-flick and formalin tests. In this study, the ethical guidelines approved by the Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences regarding the use of animals in experimental studies were followed.

 The results showed that the leaves extract at the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg and the gum extract at the dose of 100 mg/kg had a substantial analgesic effect, as demonstrated by the increase in the latency time in the tail-flick test and the decrease in the pain sensitivity in the formalin test (P < 0.05). The fruit extract, compared with the other parts of the plant, had no analgesic effect.

 The stronger analgesic effects of PA leaves extract, compared to those observed for the extracts of other parts of PA, might be due to the higher concentration of components with analgesic properties in PA leaves.

The objective of this study is to test the toxicology of methanolic extract of Marrubium vulgare "MEMV" in rat and its efficiency in the treatment of systemic candidiasis.

First, forty (40) male rats "Wistar type" are used. Second, they are divided into four groups (10 rats /group) where the toxicological, microbiological and histological studies are applied. Later, the infection with 107 cells /ml of C. albicans and the curative treatment are applied by the daily administration with a gavage of 800 mg/kg of MEMV. Finally, the toxicology studies indicate that the dose of methanolic extract of Marrubium vulgare at 800 mg/kg of body weight is not harmful.

As a final result, the microbiological and histological analysis showed that the treatment with MEMV of rat colonized with 107 cells /ml of C. albicans limits the multiplication of the yeast in the intestine and colon of the colonized rat. The translocation of Candida albicans in liver, spleen and lungs in rat which is treated with 800 mg/kg after inoculation with C. albicans is significantly lower than in controls to seven post- infection days. However, we do not detect yeast in the kidneys and hearts of the infected treated groups and the infected untreated ones.

Our results suggest that MEMV limits the gastrointestinal colonization and dissemination of C.albicans in the other organs.

Free radicals are constructed by natural physiological activities in the human cells as well as in the environment. They may be produced as a result of diet, smoking, exercise, inflammation, exposure to sunlight, air pollutants, stress, alcohol and drugs. Imbalanced redox status may lead to cellular oxidative stress, which can damage the cells of the body, resulting in an incidence of various diseases. If the endogenous antioxidants do not stop the production of reactive metabolites, they will be needed to bring about a balance in redox status. Natural antioxidants, for example plants, play an important part in this context. This paper seeks to report the available evidence about oxidative stress and the application of plants as antioxidant agents to fight free radicals in the human body. For this purpose, to better understand oxidative stress, the principles of free radical production, the role of free radicals in diseases, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and the role of herbs and diet in oxidative stress are discussed.

Trichomonas vaginalis infectious disease is an important worldwide health problem. Although, several drugs especially metronidazole and tinidazole have been used in the treatment, their-resistant strains have been developed and unpleasant adverse effects exist. Garlic and other Allium species are old medicinal plants, which were used for infectious diseases, cardiovascular disorders and hair and skin cosmetic diseases.

We aimed to compare the anti-trichomoniasis activities of three species of Allium.

The Trichomonas vaginalis strain was isolated from vaginal discharge of women with vaginitis symptoms and cultured in a modified TYM medium. After confirmation of herbarium of the plants, their extracts were prepared. For testing, 24 sterile plates were used. In all 24 homes, 200 μL of TYM were poured out. The tube containing the parasite, counting the number of angels with the aid of Neubauer slide and set to 500,000 per mL, was added to the amount of 100 μL to all wells. In order to investigate the anti-trichomoniasis of the plant, concentrations of 37.5, 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200 and 2400 µg/mL of extract have been tested. For positive control, 50 mL of metronidazole, 50 μg/mL, was added to culture medium. In addition to, no herbal extract and metronidazole was added to the well of negative control.

The leaf extract of bell circus with a concentration of 2000 μg/mL after 48 hours and boiled cabbage bulb onion at a concentration of 24 μg/mL and leaf extract of turmericum at a concentration of 1500 μg/mL in 48 hours and boiled horseradish onions at 48 μg/mL concentration in 24 hours could achieve 100% GI and significantly inhibit parasite growth. Leaf extract, boiled onions and essential oils inhibited the growth of Trichomonas parasites, were not as high as 100%.

According to the results obtained in our study, these Allium plants have inhibitory activity on growth of Trichomonas vaginalis parasite.

Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxy phenol) is a phenolic compound of the clove family Syzygium aromaticum. In traditional medicine, clove oil has been used as an antimicrobial, antiseptic and antispasmodic. Nowadays, there is also a wide range of use of eugenol for several purposes such as household products, fragrance in soaps and cosmetics, skincare products, flavoring substances for food, dental and pharmaceutical products. Eugenol causes an enhancement in skin penetration of diverse drugs, agricultural applications to protect foods from microorganisms, treatment of skin infections, skin lesions, and inflammatory disorders.

Blood pressure is one of the vital signs, and is the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. When the large arteries lose their natural elasticity and strength, and the smaller ones are narrowed, blood pressure rises and the pressure is exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels. High blood pressure is dangerous and very harmful for the heart and blood vessels, and is a major cause of mortality in all nations. Many patients tend to use herbal products for controlling their blood pressure, as they are concerned of the side effects of the chemical drugs. There are huge amount of research work exploring the safety and efficacy of a single herb, or combined herbal products on lowering blood pressure, among which some have shown certain effects, and some are negative in results. Grape seed, Garlic, Saffron, Green and White Mulberry, Quince, and some other herbs have more scientific evidence in lowering blood pressure. In this study, we systematically reviewed the scientific literature of clinical trials and animal studies, in which the safety and effectiveness of herbs on lowering blood pressure were evaluated.

The menopausal symptoms are the most common problems in postmenopausal women. Due to the side effects of hormone replacement therapy, the use of medicinal herbs has increased for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Saliva officinalis on the decreasing of the severity of the menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. The study was performed on 30 postmenopausal women aged 46–58 yr referred to the healthcare center of Darab who experienced various degrees of postmenopausal symptoms. The severity of menopausal symptoms is recorded by a Menopause Rating Scale. Participants received a 100 mg capsule of sage extract daily for 4 wk. The severity of postmenopausal symptoms was compared before and after four weeks of the consumption of sage extract. The results showed the severity of hot flashes, night sweats, panic, fatigue, and concentration had significant differences before and after the consumption of sage extract. It was concluded that Saliva officinalis were effective to change the severity of some of the menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an industrial solvent that causes kidney, lung, testicles, brain, and blood diseases. In the present study, we investigated protective effects of Sophora pachycarpa extracts on testicular histopathology damage in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). In this study, divided into six experimental groups (n = 6): 3 groups as pre-treatment, received extract of S. pachycarpa at 50 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day, and 250 mg/kg/day doses by gavage procedure for 21 days before intraperitoneal injection of 500 μL/kg CCl4 on the day of 21, control group receiving 500 μL/kg CCl4 on the day of 21, post-treatment group received 100 mg/kg/day extract for 10 days and 12 h after injection of 250 μL/kg CCl4. The testicular tissues were samples at the end of the treatments for histological examination. Histopathological examination of testis in CCl4-treatment group showed degeneration in seminiferous tubules and germ cells, intercellular dehiscence, and loss of cells into the lumen. Treatment of S. pachycarpa extract (250 mg/kg) resulted in remarkable improvement in testicular histopathological alterations caused by CCl4 in testis sections. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the extract of Sophora pachycarpa can improve the adverse effects of CCl4 on testicular tissue, possibly via its bioactive compounds having antioxidant effects

Some pathogenic bacteria cause diseases under certain conditions, such as entry through the skin via a cut. Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas can be commonly found on the skin; yet, these species can potentially initiate skin infections. Considering the importance of these bacteria in skin infections and based on the world attraction to traditional treatment, the present study was conducted to determine the antibacterial effect of Pimpinella anisum polar extract on standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Antimicrobial effect of anisum’s polar extract was determined by the well diffusion agar and microtitr plate for determining the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Inhibition zones were recorded for both bacteria in this study. The MIC/MBC assay showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria had the highest susceptibility to the anisum’s polar extract.

Considering the antibacterial effects of the Pimpinella anisum extract, the extract of this plant can be studied as a treatment for skin infections.

To determine and quantify vinblastine in different varieties of Catharanthus roseus using reversed-phase HPLC method.
The liquid chromatographic separation was performed using a reversed phase C18, Microsorb - MV column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) at room temperature and eluted with a mobile phase containing methanol – phosphate buffer (5 mM, pH 6.0) – acetonitrile with different proportion gradient elution at a flow rate of 2.0 mL min-1 and detection at 254 nm.
The HPLC method was utilized for the quantification of vinblastine in purple, red and white varieties of Catharanthus roseus leaves. The separation was achieved in less than 8 min. The peak confirmation was done based on the retention times and UV spectra of the reference substance. The method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, recovery, limit of detection and quantification. Results showed that the purple variety gives 1.2 and 1.5 times more vinblastine concentration compared to the white and pink varieties, respectively.
The obtained results from different varieties are thus useful for the purpose of vinblastine production from Catharanthus roseus plant.

Ecballium elaterium is the only species belonging to the genus Ecballium of Cucurbitaceae family. It is native to the Mediterranean region. Despite its side effects, E. elaterium has still been being used as an alternative treatment agent for sinusitis, cirrhosis, rheumatic diseases and hemorrhoids for its anti-inflammatory and cathartic actions. Herein we discuss a pediatric case showing gastrointestinal side effects after ingesting E. elaterium.
Case Report: A six-year-old boy admitted to Çukurova University Medical Faculty Pediatric Emergency Department, Turkey, for vomiting one hour after ingesting a green plant which he had tasted to satisfy his curiosity. Physical examination, vital signs and laboratory tests revealed normal. The ingested plant was defined to be E. elaterium. Maintenance fluid infusion, 1 mg/kg ranitidine and sucralfate medications were commenced. During the follow-up, the patient developed numbness of the tongue and hyper-salivation, without any signs of uvular edema or other system findings. Further follow-up showed stable vital signs within the normal range with no additional complications. The patient was sent home with the cure and recommendations.
The plants and herbs that are used as agents of alternative or complementary medicine may as well be accidentally or curiously taken by children leading to unwanted intoxication cases. Pre-encounter actions to prevent such cases are as important as any post-exposure clinical interventions to impede the unwanted consequences. One such measure might be a more intensive public information policy underscoring the fact that plants have the potential to be noxious and may cause serious side effects and even death.

Statement of the Problem: Use of traditional medicine to relieve human sufferings has a very long history. The effects of these plants in wound curing and subsequently making the best mucosa patch for treatment of oral ulcers is still under investigation.
The main goal of present research work is to assess the efficacy of Myrtus communis L., Camellia sinensis L. and Zataria multiflora Boiss. on oral ulcer recovery process in rats.
In this study, 60 healthy adult male rats in 5 groups were investigated. A wound with 2 mm diameter was punched into the hard palate of each rat. For topical application, a mucosa patch of materials or blank was packed into the wound. Histological samples were harvested on post injury days 2, 4, 6, and 8.
This study showed that there were no significant differences between groups in the reduction of weight. Comparison of clinical wound size showed that group Myrtus communis L had the greatest reduction in wound size on days 4, 6 and 8, which was significantly different from the other groups. The highest thickness of epithelium was observed in groups Myrtus communis L and Camellia sinensis L on days 6 and 8. Group Myrtus communis L showed the highest values on days 6 and 8. This study showed a lower mononuclear cell counts in group Myrtus communis L on days 6 and 8 compared to other groups which was statistically significant.
The results of the present study showed that Myrtus communis L. has significant effects on oral wound healing processes. These favorable results might introduce a new group of material or medicine derived from this plant.

Heavy metals have detrimental effects on the health of human being. The values of manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) in some plant species and soil samples in an arid area of Iran were evaluated in this study.

The values of Pb and Mn in 94 plant samples from 8 plant species and the related soil samples in 2010 were considered in Shahroud and Damghan, central Iran. Moreover, the soil-to-plant transfer factors of these two elements were investigated.

Except for barley, the values of Pb in all of the considered plants were higher than the standard level of 0.3 mg/kg. The amounts of Mn in all of the plant species other than pistachio were higher than the standard level of 25 mg/kg. As a whole, the bio-concentration factor of Mn was higher than that of Pb in the study area.

None of the soil-to-plant transfer factors exceeded one. Grape recorded the highest amounts of Pb and Mn compared with that of other investigated plant species. However, since its respective bio concentration factor (BCF) was lower than one, it cannot be considered as a hyper accumulator of lead and manganese.