جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Postpartum depression » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Maternal postpartum depression negatively affects the baby's emotional, behavioral, and cognitive development and attachment pattern. We aimed to examine the effect of virtual patient visits    in neonatal intensive care unit on postpartum depression in mothers.

Research data were obtained from mothers whose preterm infants were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit between April and December 2022. A total of 100 mothers of preterm infants (50 in the virtual patient visit and 50 in the control group) treated in the neonatal intensive care unit of a hospital constituted the sample of the study. Using the Zoom application, virtual patient visits were made for 5 minutes, seven days a week, between mother and the preterm infants, with no nursing intervention implemented for at least 30 minutes. Mothers in the control group saw their babies face to face two days a week. In standard hospital procedure, mothers saw their babies twice a week. Edinburgh postpartum depression scale (EPDS) was administered online to the all mothers before and after the study.

The research resulted with statistically significant decreased EPDS scores of the mothers in virtual patient visit group with the pre-study scores. A statistically significant decrease was found compared to the control group (P<0.001).

Virtual patient visits between preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit and their mothers could be effective in preventing or reducing postpartum depression of the mother.

Postpartum depression (PPD) can exert both short‑term and long‑term effects on a child’s health. Offspring born to mothers who suffer from PPD face an elevated susceptibility to encountering psychological disturbances and developmental delays. Moreover, there has been conjecture surrounding a plausible connection between maternal magnesium (Mg) levels and psychiatric manifestations. This study aims to investigate the relationship between maternal Mg levels and PPD and the correlation between PPD and an infant’s growth and neurodevelopment at 6 and 12 months.

This longitudinal study is a sub‑study derived from the “PERSIAN Birth Cohort Study,” encompassing 224 mother–infant pairs randomly enlisted during 2019–2020 in Isfahan. Maternal serum magnesium (Mg) levels were measured at 38 weeks of gestation. PPD was evaluated employing the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) four weeks postpartum. Measurements of birth size were undertaken, adhering to standardized protocols at birth, 6 months, and 12 months. Anthropometric parameters and the Persian version of the validated Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) were employed to assess infant neurodevelopmental status at 6 and 12 months.

Overall, 22.3% of mothers grappled with PPD. The mean (standard deviation) maternal magnesium levels (Mg) were 1.95 ± 0.23 mg/dL. No statistically significant association was detected between maternal serum magnesium (Mg) levels and the incidence of PPD. Correspondingly, no significant association emerged between PPD and indices of growth. However, a noteworthy distinction materialized in the communication scores of offspring born to depressed and non‑depressed mothers following adjustments for confounding variables at 12 months (β = 1.81; 95% confidence interval: 0.32‑3.30). Furthermore, a substantial regression in communication skills became apparent between 6 and 12 months.

This study failed to establish a significant association between maternal serum magnesium (Mg) levels and PPD. Nevertheless, research lends credence to an inverse correlation between maternal depression and subsequent behavioral difficulties in offspring, such as communication skills. Thus, the imperative nature of screening for PPD should be underscored to facilitate its early detection and intervention, thereby enhancing infant well‑being.

 Depression and memory disorders are known to be associated with increased oxidative stress. There is evidence suggesting that Quercus brantii (Q. brantii) possesses antioxidant properties.

 This study aims to investigate the impact of Q. brantii hydro-alcoholic extract and oil on cognitive dysfunction in a postpartum depression (PPD) model and on oxidant/antioxidant activity in the hippocampus of adult female rats.

 Forty-two female Wistar rats (200 - 250 g) were randomly divided into six groups. PPD was induced by chronic intraperitoneal administration (5 days) of progesterone at a dose of 5 mg/kg, and three days after discontinuation, depressive behavior was assessed using a forced swimming test. Simultaneously, Quercus brantii hydro-alcoholic extract (100 mg/kg) and oil (45%) were administered. Spatial memory and locomotor activity were evaluated 24 hours after training using the Morris water maze and open field tests, respectively. The hippocampus tissue of all rats was used to evaluate oxidant-antioxidant factors, Vitamin D, and corticosterone levels.

 Quercus brantii extract significantly reduced depression (P < 0.05). Treatment with Q. brantii extract and oil improved spatial memory and learning (P < 0.05). The Q. brantii extract increased levels of SOD, GSH, catalase, and vitamin D while decreasing MDA levels; additionally, Q. brantii oil increased SOD and vitamin D levels and decreased MDA levels in the brain (P < 0.05).

 Quercus brantii extract and oil appear to have beneficial effects on learning and memory impairment in a PPD-induced model, which may be associated with their biochemical effects on the brain.

Post-partum depression (PPD) has been reported in about one-seventh to one-tenth of women, either immediately or within one year of childbirth. Certain factors increase the risk of PPD and considerable variation in the management has been reported. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of PPD, associated demographic factors and risk factors among the Eastern region of the United Arab Emirates, who delivered within a year. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was performed on women who had a recent singleton pregnancy and delivered newborn. Several demographics, social and psychological factors of the respondents were assessed using a survey form. The Edinburgh depression rating scale (EDRS) was used for the identification women with possible PPD (scores > 10). Results The present work was carried on 200 women. The median EDRS score amongst the study participants was found to be 11 (0-26). The prevalence of PPD was found to be 57% in the studied population. Factors like education, marital relationship pre- and post-delivery, planned pregnancy, adverse events in the prior pregnancy, emotional support and previous history of depression were significantly associated with PPD in the investigated population.   Conclusions The findings of the current study revealed that occurrence of depression among postpartum women is relatively high (57%). Also, we noticed some of the socio-demographic and risk factors associated with PPD amid Eastern region of the United Arab Emirates. In this context identification of risk factors will assist to devise effective interventions that improves mother-baby dyad and their relationship.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a subtype of major depressive disorder, which is correlated with having an infant with cleft lip and palate (CL/P). Since there is a dearth of research in this regard, this study compares mothers of infants with CL/P and mothers of normal infants in terms of PPD and suicidal thoughts. 

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 50 mothers of children with CL/P and 50 mothers of normal children who had recently given birth and presented to the Research Center of Cranial Deformities, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan City, Iran, from September 2020 and 2021. The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale was used to assess PPD. 

The mean PPD score was 15.42±4.77 (range=5-24) and 10.3±6.7 (range=0-29) in mothers of children with CLP and those with normal children, respectively. The frequency of PPD was significantly higher among the mothers of CLP children, compared to mothers of normal children (χ2=25.25, P<0.005). No difference was reported between the mothers with PPD and those without it in terms of educational level (χ2=0.36, P=0.83), occupational status (χ2=0.13, P=0.71), or parity (P=0.93). Having suicidal thoughts had no significant correlation with having CL/P children (P=0.11). 

The PPD score and frequency of PPD were higher among mothers of children with CLP, compared with mothers of normal children; however, the frequency of suicidal thoughts was not significantly different between the two groups. Educational level, occupational status, and parity were not correlated with PPD or suicidal thoughts.

We aimed to investigate the intervention effect of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in patients with postpartum depression.

The method of computer and manual keyword retrieval was used to search PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library. Literature included in the study was assessed for quality and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.

Twelve articles were finally included in the study and the meta-analysis showed that 6 articles used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to compare MBIs with conventional therapy, and the statistical heterogeneity between the combined results was low (P=0.18, I2=32%). The level of depression in postpartum depression patients was lower in the MBIs group than in the conventional group [MD=3.13, 95%CI (2.57, 3.70), P<0.00001]. Based on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the comparison between MBIs and conventional therapy had low statistical heterogeneity between the combined results (P=0.56, I2=0%). The level of depression in patients with postpartum depression who received MBIs was significantly lower than in the conventional care group [MD=5.89, 95%CI (4.88, 6.91), P<0.00001]. Subgroup analysis showed that the best intervention duration for MBIs for postpartum depression was within 4 weeks (SMD=-1.785), each session≦60 minutes (SMD=-1.435), and participants had to complete the best three times per week (SMD=-2.185).

MBIs can alleviate depression in women, thereby facilitating their adjustment to new life. It is recommended to practice mindfulness meditation for 30 minutes per day.Mindfulness

Postpartum depression (PPD) impairs mother-infant interaction and has negative effects on the child’s emotional, behavioral, and cognitive skills. There is considerable evidence to suggest that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of depression. Controlled trials indicate that celecoxib has antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder. A 34-year-old woman with mild to moderate PPD received a celecoxib capsule twice a day. This treatment has not been reported in previous studies and is novel in clinical practice. The patient was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Moreover, levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inflammatory cytokines were measured at baseline and at the end of celecoxib therapy. This case suggests that celecoxib can improve depressive symptoms in patients with mild to moderate PPD. No adverse effects occurred during follow-up.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common mental disorder among women and it can cause negative consequences for them, children, and families; however, accurate statistics and underlying factors on PPD and its severity are not available in Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, 200 women referred to an academic hospital for normal vaginal delivery, which had a full-term and single pregnancy and had passed between 6 weeks and 6 months of delivery, were selected by convenience sampling methods. The Edinburgh Depression Inventory and the checklist for demographic information of mothers were completed.

The prevalence of postpartum depression was 11.0% and 68.2% of mothers had a mild type. 31.8% had a history of depression. There was a significant relationship between the severity of postpartum depression in women with a previous history of depression (P = 0.012). Between postpartum depression and maternal age (P = 0.115), body mass index at delivery (P = 0.571), number of pregnancies (P = 0.693), number of deliveries (P = 0.446), number of abortions (P = 0.424), willing
or unwilling pregnancy (P = 0.451), neonatal sex (P = 0.533), history of neonatal hospitalization
(P = 0.725), previous history disease (P = 0.725) was no statistical association.

The prevalence of PPD was approximately 11%, and there was a significant association between postpartum depression severity and a history of depression Physicians and policymakers should consider early screening for PPD, especially among women with previous depression.

Therefore, the present study has been conducted to predict PPD in the mothers according to stress and perceived social support taking the mediator role of vulnerable personality into account. This research was correlational and basic. The research sample included 300 mothers in Isfahan who gave birth to a child in recent 6 months and were selected through a convenient sampling method. Afterward, they answered the research instruments including the Edinburgh Depression Questionnaire (1978), Harry Stress Questionnaire (2005), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Zimet et al. (1988), and Vulnerable Personality Questionnaire, Bois et al. (2004). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling through the covariance method through AMOS24 software. The findings showed that the results of direct relationships of research variables were significant in all coefficients in the mothers’ model (P < 0.05). The results showed that vulnerable personality has a mediation role in the relationship between stress and perceived social support with PPD in the mothers. In fact, a vulnerable personality can improve the relationship between stress and perceived social support with PPD.

Context: 

Saffron, as a medicinal plant, is widely used to treat various diseases, especially among women. Therefore, this study was conducted to review the studies on the impact of saffron on premenstrual syndrome (PMS), labor, childbirth, and menopause.

This systematic review, based on the PICO process, systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Persian databases, such as Scientific Information Database (SID) and Magiran, until February 2023. The search was based on a search strategy. Strategy search included keywords saffron OR Crocus sativus Linn. OR safranal OR crocin using AND premenstrual syndrome, postpartum depression, pregnancy anxiety, pregnancy depression, menopause, perimenopause, labor pain, childbirth, active labor phase, delivery, episiotomy, and pregnancy. Of 164 articles, 20 randomized controlled trials with a score of 3 and above based on the Jadad scale entered the study.

The results showed that saffron has positive effectsonlabor and childbirth, including improvement of Bishop’s score, labor progress, reduction of fatigue and labor pain intensity, and episiotomy healing. Additionally, it can improve mood and psychological symptoms of menopause and PMS. The results of two studies showed that saffron has an effect on postpartum depression.

Saffron is suggested as a medicinal plant that can help improve women’s complications. However, due to the limited number of studies, it is recommended to carry out further studies without the limitations of previous studies before applying saffron in clinical medicine.

Several studies have explored the correlation between postpartum depression and a weak mother-infant bond; however, fewer studies have analyzed how other postpartum mental health conditions, such as childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or important personal characteristics, including adult attachment styles, affect the quality of the mother-infant bond. This study aims to examine the association between attachment styles and postpartum bonding in mothers, considering the mediating influence of postpartum depression and childbirth-related PTSD.

A total of 150 mothers, 4 to 12 weeks postpartum, completed a demographic questionnaire, the Edinburgh postpartum depression questionnaire, the posttraumatic stress questionnaire related to the birth of a child, the mother-child bonding questionnaire, and the attachment style questionnaire. The posttraumatic stress related to the birth of a child questionnaire was translated into Persian for the first time and was used after confirming its validity and reliability. The proposed model was examined by the structural equation modeling method.

The conceptual model’s results showed that the direct and standardized effect of anxious attachment style (β=0.49, P=0.001) and avoidant attachment style (β=0.47, P=0.001) on postpartum depression were significant. Also, the direct effect of anxious attachment style (β=0.59, P=0.001) on postpartum PTSD was significant. However, the coefficient of avoidant attachment style (β=-0.04, P=0.581) was not significant for postpartum PTSD. Also, the coefficients were investigated from the direct effect of postpartum depression, postpartum PTSD, anxious attachment style, and avoidant attachment style. The obtained results showed that postpartum depression (β=0.27, P=0.001), postpartum PTSD (β=0.43, P=0.001), and anxious attachment style (β=0.39, P=0.001) could predict the mother-child bond. However, the avoidant attachment style (β=0.00, P=0.946) could not predict the mother-child bond.

The findings of the study revealed that insecure attachment styles were linked to challenges in forming a strong mother-infant bond. Anxious attachment was also associated with bonding difficulties, which were influenced by symptoms of postpartum depression and childbirth-related PTSD. In contrast, a higher degree of avoidant attachment style was associated with more significant difficulties in bonding, which were mediated by symptoms of depression. Accordingly, if interventions aim to enhance the mother-infant bond, treatment should focus on addressing childbirth-related PTSD, PPD symptoms, and insecure attachment styles.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common psychiatric disorder with a prevalence rate of 10 - 15%. Postpartum depression may have significant adverse effects on infants’ growth and development and mothers’ health status. Virtual cognitive behavior therapy (VCBT) has been introduced as a new therapeutic method.

The current study was carried out to determine the effect of VCBT versus conventional medical therapy in PPD subjects.

In this randomized clinical trial conducted in 2020 in the postpartum ward of Ziaeean Hospital, 102 women with singleton delivery within one week diagnosed with PPD (Edinburgh questionnaire score of over 9) were randomly considered to receive either medical treatment (sertraline 50 mg/day) or VCBT (training for controlling and confronting depression through social media five days a week for four months) groups. Postpartum depression and infants’ weight were compared at delivery, in the second month, and at the end of the study.

According to repeated-measures ANOVA, Edinburgh’s depression scale score did not differ significantly between the groups (P > 0.05), whereas their children’s weight differed significantly between the groups (P = 0.041). The VCBT group showed a better weight gain than those subjected to conventional medical treatment.

In this study, there was no significant difference between cognitive behavioral therapy based on virtual content and drug treatment in postpartum healing and the improvement of children’s weight index at two and four months old. Both groups were improved. However, children’s weight gain at four months of age was higher in the group treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy based on virtual content than in the drug-treated group. This suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy based on virtual content, due to the increased awareness of mothers and behavioral changes, may be helpful, especially for women with postpartum depression with low-birth-weight children. This method can be applied in a flexible treatment manner for all women with postpartum depression, which will make women more involved in treatment, and the barriers to their treatment will be greatly eradicated.