جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "Psychology" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Admission to a hospital increases individuals’ vulnerability and their consequent needs for religion and/or spirituality. The purpose of this research was to design the title and objectives of the spiritual care course for clergymen.

This qualitative study employed the integrated review method. The objectives and title of the course were developed and validated using the integrated review method, with the final model created using the Delphi technique and group discussions with experts. The statistical population included clergymen in health, as well as articles and books published between 2014 and 2022. Articles related to the educational objectives and title of the spiritual care course were first collected. Out of a total of 123 articles, 32 were selected. The course, designed through the Delphi method, was then subject to survey, modification, and review by a panel of experts consisting of 13 clergymen. The title and objectives of the spiritual care training course were formulated based on the research findings.

The findings revealed 13 objectives and 15 titles for the spiritual care training courses.

The objectives and headings of this model are based on both international and local cultural approaches, which can address the concerns of officials in the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education regarding specialization in service provision.

The demand for rhinoplasty is increasing. Cosmetic surgery is under the influence of psychological variables. This study aimed to evaluate different determinants of the patient’s psychosocial functioning that might affect the outcome of rhinoplasty surgery.

This case-control research was conducted in Qazvin City, Iran in 2022. A total of 228 people (114 controls and 114 cases) who were matched entered the study. The study tools comprised two questionnaires: One was a researcher-made questionnaire to determine social factors, and the second was a standard international NEO-FFI test to assess personality traits. The findings were analyzed using the t-test and analysis of variance.

 one hundred fourteen cases and 114 controls participated in the study. Age was a significant factor in deciding on rhinoplasty (P=0.02). Regarding the social factors, the most prevalent factors were improving self-confidence, achieving more beauty, and peer pressure. The psychological part showed that extrovert people have a greater tendency to undergo rhinoplasty (P=0.04). Also, the neuroticism, openness, neuroticism, and agreeableness personality traits were higher in the case group and the conscientiousness in the control group (P=0.04).

 There is a difference between the psychosocial pattern of volunteers and non-volunteers of rhinoplasty. The psychosocial factors affect the participants’ tendency for cosmetic rhinoplasty. The authors of the article recommend psychological evaluation of cosmetic surgery candidates before the operation.

Several factors contribute to suicide attempts. To the best our knowledge, there is no study has been conducted to investigate the impact of a family history of suicide on suicide attempts.

This study aims to examine the characteristics of suicide and its association with a family history of suicide.

This historical cohort study was carried out on individuals admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Taft and Shah Wali Hospital in Yazd for suicide attempts between 2018 and 2019. The study examined 73 individuals with a family history of suicide and 332 without such a history. It recorded demographic details, methods of suicide attempts, and family histories concerning the patients’ mothers, fathers, and siblings. Data were collected and subsequently analyzed using ndependent t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. A significance level of P < 0.05 was considered.

The average age of the subjects was 28.02 ± 10.8 years, with 295 (72.8%) of the participants being women. There were no significant differences in mean income (P = 0.99), marital status (P = 0.06), gender (P = 0.35), place of residence (P = 0.06), and education level (P = 0.37) between individuals with and without a family history of suicide. Furthermore, our results indicated that the prevalence of mental illness was significantly higher in individuals with a family history of suicide (P < 0.001). The average number of suicide attempts was 1.05 ± 1.90 for those with a family history and 1.21 ± 0.50 for those without, a difference that was statistically significant (P = 0.002). The timing, method, and reasons for suicide attempts were not associated with a family history of suicide.

A family history of suicide was associated with an increased number of suicide attempts. There was no correlation between family history and gender, occupation, place of residence, number of children, timing of suicide, method of suicide, reason for suicide, and educational status of the patients. However, a significant relationship was found between a family history of suicide and a history of mental illness among the patients, indicating a higher prevalence of mental illness in the group with a family history compared to those without.

This paper aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis focusing on recent developments in psychology about physical activity and exercise during early life. 

Excel, VOSviewer, and the bibliometric R-package tools were used to examine and assess pertinent records from the Web of Science (WOS) database between 2010 and 2023, following a dependable search approach. 

We obtained 31,618 scientific records from the Web of Science database. These records were retrieved using specific keywords and covered and analyzed for their content. The most popular topics in this research area included Children, Physical activity, Adolescents, Health, Quality of life, Exercise, Depression, and Stress. The research also revealed that the journals "Frontiers in Psychology" and "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health" were the most active in this field. Developed countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and the Netherlands were the most productive regarding research output. Additionally, the study identified Serge Brand as the most active author. 

The intersection of early life psychology and physical activity and exercise remains an area of active research interest. This study indicates that researchers in developed countries produce the most literature on this topic. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge that a considerable portion of the global population, particularly in developing countries, needs to be adequately represented in the research on early life psychology related to exercise and physical activity.

Identification of causes of divorce in any society is the first and most important step in proposing practical solutions to this social problem. This study aimed to investigate certain causes of divorce in a community of divorce applicants in Rafsanjan, Iran.

In this descriptive study, 278 people (139 couples) applying for divorce, referring to counseling centers in Rafsanjan, Iran (2021) were enrolled via convenience sampling method. The causes of divorce were examined from the perspective of the counsellor and subjects. The data were analyzed using SPSS.

The mean age were 34.70±9.85 years. From the perspective of counsellors, psychological- psychiatric and sociocultural issues were the most common reasons for divorce (19.4% and 19.1% respectively). Men stated that the most important causes of divorce were lack of boundaries (parental interference) (21.6%), lack of empathetic dialogue (18%), and lack of conflict resolution skills (17.6%). According to women, the principal causes of divorce were the husband's addiction (17.3%), poor anger control skills (15.1%), and economic problems (15.1%).

The findings of this study indicated that apart from the issue of addiction and economy, other causes of divorce are related to marital skills, which can be reduced with proper pre-marriage education.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has played a crucial role in minimizing the worldwide impact of HIV infection. Numerous HIV patients face challenges in adhering to their treatment due to various physical, social, and psychological factors. This study aimed to explore the correlation between psychosocial stress and treatment adherence among HIV/AIDS patients at a hospital in Nigeria.

In this study, a descriptive analytical design was utilized to select (n=171) HIV-infected clients attending the virology clinic at Uniosun Teaching Hospital (UTH). Convenient sampling was employed to choose participants from a total monthly population of 271 patients who visit the clinic. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire consisting of four sections and 57 items. Descriptive and inferential statistics, such as the Chi-square test and correlation analysis, were employed to present and analyze the data.

A significant proportion (61.4%) of the patients experienced a moderate level of stress. The most notable sources of stress reported by patients were the need for HIV status disclosure (71.9%) and rejection from family and friends (66.7%). Rejections by friends and family, stigma and discrimination, social and economic challenges, as well as antiretroviral therapy showed a significant association with HIV-related stress (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation was found between psychosocial stress and treatment adherence (r = -0.705, p < 0.001).

Individuals living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) face significant levels of stress and often encounter rejection and stigma. It is crucial for healthcare professionals to establish comprehensive support services aimed at alleviating the stress experienced by these patients and reducing the obstacles they face. Such measures will ultimately enhance treatment compliance and overall well-being.

Depression in Malaysia represents a significant and growing public health concern. With the current challenges in academic and university life, university students have become particularly vulnerable to depression and are unable to cope with stress. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify associative factors for depression among Malaysian students.

A cross-sectional study was conducted at public and private universities in Malaysia. A convenience sample of 1821 out of 1860 cases were approached and completed self-administered questionnaires, regarding depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and their socio-demographic, academic, and psychosocial characteristics. A Chi-square test was conducted to find the relationship between the variables and depression, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the predictors.

More than one-third (33.8%) of students scored clinical levels of depression. Financial support for the study, alcohol consumption, poor sleep quality, body mass index, and the global score for psychosocial characteristics were predictors of depression.

A high rate of depression in Malaysian students may be mitigated by addressing the influencing factors. Interventions, such as lifestyle change can reduce depression in this group.

Mountaineers, especially professional ones, are exposed to unusual environments that are not tolerable for most ordinary people. Some available studies suggest that mountaineers have different personality traits from ordinary people; however, there is not enough evidence to support this claim. This study aimed to investigate differences in the personality traits of mountaineers that may influence their decision-making in risky situations.

In this study, a short form of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI, 71 questions) was used to assess the personality traits of 85 mountaineers who were members of mountaineering clubs. The eight dimensions of hypochondriasis (Hs), depression (D), hysteria (Hy), psychopathic deviate (Pd), paranoia (Pa), psychasthenia (Pt), schizophrenia (Sc), and hypomania (Ma) were compared with the results of 62 individuals in the control group. Independent t-test, Chi-square, and three-way ANOVA test were performed in SPSS version 21 for data analysis.

There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, paranoia, and psychasthenia, whereas psychopathic deviate, schizophrenia, and hypomania were significantly higher in the mountaineer group compared to the control group. Despite these differences, the MMPI profile was normal for both the mountaineer and control groups.

Although mountaineers had significantly different personality traits, they did not show any specific problems in the MMPI, which can potentially affect their decision-making in risky environments. The higher levels of hypomania in mountaineers can explain their participation in high-risk physical activities.

Pregnancy nausea and vomiting (NVP) are common complaints in the early period of pregnancy.

The present study aimed to determine the effects of the positive psychology approach on improving the severity of NVP.

This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 pregnant women with mild and moderate NVP in Zanjan province, Iran in 2020-2021. Pregnant women under study were divided into two experimental and control groups by block randomization method. Six counseling sessions were held for the experimental group regarding the treatment protocol of a positive psychological approach twice a week for 60 minutes. Data were collected using the Rhodes and demographic questionnaire and then analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher exact test, independent t-tests, repeated measure ANOVA test with a confidence level (CI) of 95% in SPSS 16 software.

As regards the demographic analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. However, based on obstetric characteristics, the difference was significant between the two groups in terms of the number of pregnancies. The analysis showed that the mean (SD) severity of NVP in the experimental group was (11.60 ± 2.73) before the intervention, (5.0 ± 2.5) immediately and (3.73 ± 2.50) four weeks after the intervention. There were significant differences in the severity of NVP immediately (P values =0.014) and after four weeks of the intervention between the two groups (P values =0.031).

The use of a positive psychological counseling approach reduced the severity of NVP and improved maternal health.