جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Q angle » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Hypertrophy of adenoids is a common condition in childhood, resulting in obstructive symptoms such as sleep apnea, snoring, and rhinosinusitis. Adenotonsillectomy is recommended to improve prognosis and quality of life. This case-control study compared facial angles and lip position related to dentofacial and mouth growth in symptomatic children with adenoid hypertrophy and asymptomatic control groups.The study included children aged 5 to 7 who presented with obstructive symptoms and confirmed severe adenoid hypertrophy in lateral neck radiography. Standard lateral photography was taken. The Nasofacial and Nasomental angles, and upper and lower lip positions and their distance behind the Ricketts line, were measured and compared with the normal control group. This study included 54 children with severe adenoid hypertrophy and 66 normal children.  Facial angles were not significantly different between the two groups, but the mean horizontal position of the upper and lower lip in children with adenoid hypertrophy was significantly lower than in the control group       (P value = 0.05). The lips were too close to the Ricketts line compared with the control group.This research demonstrates that children with severe adenoid hypertrophy have more dentofacial disorders than others. Adenotonsillectomy surgery is necessary for children with obstructive symptoms caused by tonsil enlargement, and if symptoms like snoring persist post-surgery, complementary orthodontic treatments should be considered.

This study aims to assess the histopathological changes in the iris of patients diagnosed with primary chronic open-angle glaucoma (PCOAG) undergoing trabeculectomy surgery.

Conducted at the Imam Hossein Medical Center in Tehran, Iran, this study included 25 patients diagnosed with PCOAG scheduled for trabeculectomy. Exclusion criteria included patients with diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, uveitis, vascular lesions, central retinal vein occlusion, pseudoexfoliation, iris neovascularization, and previous prostaglandin usage. Following peripheral iridectomy, iris specimens were fixed in 10 % formalin, processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological examination. The evaluation focused on vascular hyalinization, anterior border layer (ABL) thickness, stromal pigmentation, and pigmented epithelium characteristics.

Twenty-five patients (mean age 64.4 ± 8.8 years) participated in the study. Notable findings included vascular hyalinization in 72 % of patients, ABL thickening in 48 %, severe stromal pigmentation in 40 %, and vacuolated or depigmented epithelium in 32 % and 4 % of patients, respectively. Intranuclear inclusions and nuclear invaginations were noted in 88 % of cases. The average number of glaucoma medications used per patient was 1.3 ± 1.1.

The present study results underscore the significant histopathological alterations in the iris among PCOAG patients. These changes are likely influenced by factors such as aging, patient ethnicity, and increased intraocular pressure. Gaining a deeper understanding of these changes is vital for advancing PCOAG management and treatment methodologies.

Evaluating the carrying angle and other anthropological features is important in determining elbow deformities. This study evaluated the carrying angle and various skeletal elements in normal Iranian adults.

The present study includes the elbow radiographs of 253 adolescents (87 women and 166 men). The carrying angle, articular surface angle, radial neck-shaft angle, and inter-epicondylar diameter have been measured. Then, a statistical analysis was conducted by gender and side for each measure. Spearman’s or Pearson’s correlations were used to detect the correlation between means.

The mean carrying angle, radial neck-shaft angle, articular surface angle, and inter-epicondylar diameter were 19.72±7.68° , 11.21±4.45° , 85.19±7.62° , and 85.80±66.47 (mm) respectively. Statistically significant differences were not found between the left and right sides in all parameters for both males and females. However, significant differences were found between genders in inter-epicondylar diameter (P=0.0001). Further, a significant negative correlation was found between the carrying and articular surface angles in males (r=-0.29) and females (r=-0.33). However, there was no significant correlation between the carrying angle and radial neck-shaft angle or inter-epicondylar diameter.

The present study showed the mean value of carrying angle, radial neck-shaft angle, articular surface angle, and interepicondylar diameter in Iranian people. The result of this study might be useful in the management of elbow disorders such as fractures and displacement as well as elbow reconstruction surgery procedures.

This study aimed to estimate post-operative rod angles in both concave and convex sides of scoliosis curvature in patients who had undergone posterior surgery, using neural networks and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms. Radiographs of 72 scoliotic individuals were obtained to predict post-operative rod angles at all fusion levels (all spinal joints fused by rods). Pre-operative radiographical indices and pre-operatively resolved net joint moments of the apical vertebrae were employed as inputs for neural networks and SVM with biomechanical modeling using inverse dynamics analysis. Various group combinations were considered as inputs, based on the number of pre-operative angles and moments. Rod angles on both the concave and convex sides of the Cobb angle were considered as outputs. To assess the outcomes, root mean square errors (RMSEs) were evaluated between actual and predicted rod angles. Among eight groups with various combinations of radiographical and biomechanical parameters (such as Cobb, kyphosis, and lordosis, as well as joint moments), RMSEs of groups 4 (with seven radiographical angles in each case, which is greater in quantity) and 5 (with four radiographical angles and one biomechanical moment in each case, which is the least possible number of inputs with both radiographical and biomechanical parameters) were minimum, particularly in prediction of the concave rod kyphosis angle (errors were 5.5° and 6.3° for groups 4 and 5, respectively). Rod lordosis angles had larger estimation errors than rod kyphosis ones. Neural networks and SVM can be effective techniques for the post-operative estimation of rod angles at all fusion levels to assist surgeons with rod bending procedures before actual surgery. However, since rod lordosis fusion levels vary widely across scoliosis cases, it is simpler to predict rod kyphosis angles, which is more essential for surgeons. Level of evidence: IV

We aimed to assess the effects of the addition of boron nitride nanoplatelets on the physical and mechanical properties of the geopolymer prepared by natural kaolinite.

The compressive strength and diametral tensile strength tests were conducted according to BS 1881-116:1983 and ASTM E9-89a(2000) using an atomic force max instrument. The surface microhardness of the geopolymer was evaluated using a Digital Vickers microhardness tester, following the guidelines outlined in ASTM E92-82(2003). The contact angle (wettability) tests were carried out according to ASTM D7334-08(2022).

There were statistically significant differences among all study groups regarding compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, surface hardness, and wettability (p < 0.001).

The boron nitride nanoplatelets reinforcement has a significant impact on the compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, surface microhardness, and wettability of the geopolymer, providing valuable insights for future research and development in this field.

Considering the importance of the nose in the beauty of the face, accurate and systematic three-dimensional nasal analysis of the nose before the procedure is essential. The radix, and so the nasofrontal and nasofacial angles, play an essential role in forming an aesthetically pleasing nose because they influence the length and projection of the nose. We aimed to measure information about the pre-operative radix position in our region.

Pre-operative images were taken from our cases in the profile view. A checklist including radix location and projection, nasofrontal angle, and nasofacial angle were extracted from these images.

Overall, 200 (100 males and 100 females) cases were enrolled. Thirty-two male cases and 48 females had abnormal radix position.  Radix projection were normal in only 36 male cases and 18 females. The mean nasofrontal angle in the male and female groups was 119.2 and 128.2 respectively. The mean nasofacial angle was 29.8 in the female groups and 32.6 in the male group.

The reality of the current society of Iranian patients can be very different from the predictions of surgeons and can be far away from the statistics mentioned in western books. We tried to notify surgeons to thoroughly examine the patients prior to surgical operation by measuring parameters such as projection and position of the radix and nasofrontal and nasofacial angles.

 The collimator angle significantly impacts radiation leakage between the multi-leaf collimator (MLCs) leaves. This study aims to examine dose-volume evaluation in planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) for Head & Neck patients undergoing volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with 2.5 arcs and varying collimator angles.

 In this experimental study, five patients with nasopharyngeal cancer were selected for treatment with the VMAT method. CT images were prepared using a CT simulator and transferred to the treatment planning system. For optimizing VMAT plans, volume and dose constraints were applied to OARs and PTVs by the algorithm. Then, the doses were calculated using the AAA algorithm.

 Although no significant differences were observed in DVH curves across different collimator angles, other parameters exhibited variations. Notably, in Head & Neck cancer patients, optimal values for dose conformity, homogeneity, MUs, and gradient index were found at collimator angles of 20° and 30°. Additionally, OAR sparing was favorable at these angles. Based on target coverage, homogeneity, and MUs, the collimator angles were optimized for VMAT planning.

 Our findings offer valuable guidance to clinical medical physicists in making informed decisions regarding collimator angles. The dosimetric analysis underscores the importance of selecting the optimal collimator angle for accurate PTV coverage.

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Among all glaucoma types, primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) affects approximately 23 million people worldwide, and is responsible for 50% of glaucoma-related blindness, highlighting the devastating consequences of this disease. The main mechanism of PACG is relative pupillary block. High-risk populations are female gender, Asian ethnicity, high hyperopia, short axial length, and a thick/anteriorly positioned lens. This review discusses the clinical diagnosis, classification, and management of patients with a narrow angle with and without intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and glaucomatous optic nerve damage, including laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), endocycloplasty (ECPL), lens extraction, and goniosynechialysis.

The available evidence on the efficiency of well-known Schroth's exercises (SE) for correcting adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is limited, especially in combination with the asymmetric spinal stabilization exercises (ASSE) method. Therefore, we hypothesized that, first, there is no difference in the efficiency of the combined exercises (SE+ASSE) and SE alone in improving Cobb angle, angle of trunk rotation (ATR), and quality of life (QoL) in AIS. Second, there is no difference in the efficiency of SE and no intervention on corresponding variables in treating AIS. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) consisted of 40 patients with mild AIS (10-18-year-old boys) divided into three groups: SE (n=15), SE+ASSE (n=15), and a waitlist control group (n=10). For 12 weeks (three days a week), both experimental groups performed SE, the combined group additionally received ASSE, and the control group received no intervention. The assessment included Cobb angle (photogrammetry), ATR (Adam’s test), and QoL (Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire). It was found that Cobb angle, ATR, and QoL improved significantly in the combined SE+ASSE group (Cobb=16.45° to 9.01°; ATR=4.93° to 1.33°) compared to the SE group (P<.001). In addition, the SE group showed significant amelioration in the mentioned variables (Cobb=15.09° to 9.77°; ATR=4.23° to 2.17°) compared to the control group (P<.001), whereas the control group remained almost unchanged. Based on the obtained results, the combination of SE and ASSE provided more benefits than SE alone, and the SE results were efficient compared to the no-intervention group regarding the correction of scoliosis and related problems. However, patients with moderate to severe scoliosis should also be investigated in longer treatment periods in future. Level of evidence: I

To validate Pi angle with other sagittal discrepancy indicators like Beta angle, Yen angle and W angle in skeletal Class I, II and III patients, to correlate the Pi angle with the size and position of the mandible, and to evaluate the reliability of Dolphin imaging software.

One hundred fifty subjects were nominated based on the inclusion criteria and their lateral cephalograms were traced based on their ANB angle, they were placed into skeletal Class I, II and III groups. A-P discrepancy indicators and parameters of the size and position of the mandible were traced manually and digitally.

Pi angle had 85% and 100% accuracy in identifying skeletal Class II and III groups, respectively. Parameters of the morphology of the mandible were found to have statistically significant correlation with Pi angle e.g., mandibular base length (-0.265), SNB (-0.408), articular angle (0.277), facial angle (-0.800), and Y axis (0.728), etc.  When data was compared between manual and digital tracing, there was no difference in the mean values of Pi angle (P=0.87), Beta angle (P=0.73), and Yen angle (P=0.64) between the two techniques, suggesting good accuracy of Dolphin imaging software.

The Pi angle could accurately differentiate the sample into skeletal Class I, II and III groups. A statistically significant correlation was determined between Pi angle and most of the parameters of the size and position of the mandible. It was found that the imaging software Dolphin 3D is dependable to the analysis of cephalometric variables, which are not available in the software.

This study aimed to investigate stance phase characteristics and asymmetry in females with non-specific low back pain (LBPP) which they adopt different strategies in walking to reduce pain and enhance walking quality. The results of this research can provide new insight into gait characteristics for individuals with LBPP by examining temporal characteristics and asymmetry in their stance phase during walking.
In this cross-sectional study, 36 females were purposefully recruited and divided into two groups: one consisting of 18 individuals with low back pain (LBPP) and the other without LBPP. Data were collected using the Footscan system and analyzed with the Footscan Gait 7 gait generation software. Independent t-tests were employed to compare the outcomes between the two groups.
The results indicated that the right (p=0.001) and left (p=0.001) foot progression angles in the low back pain group were higher than those in the healthy group. Additionally, the low back pain group exhibited higher asymmetry in the timings of the initial contact phase (p=0.02) and forefoot contact phase (p=0.02), as well as in foot progression angle asymmetry (p=0.009) compared to the healthy group.
Given the higher foot progression angle and observed asymmetries in individuals with low back pain, rehabilitative exercises need to consider these differences when evaluating and planning rehabilitation procedures.

Forensic anthropology is one of the most important sub-fields of physical anthropology in which anthropometric indicators are used to examine the biological characteristics of corpses. In the meantime, the mandible bone is regarded as a significant bone following the pelvic bone due to its high resistance and dimorphism characteristics. Thus, this study aims to investigate the two parameters of the body's horizontal length and the mandible's gonial angle using radiographic images.

In this study, 120 orthopantomography images were used to examine the parameters of the horizontal length of the body and the gonial angle. The parameters were quantitatively checked using EASY-DENT software. Then, the statistical data were analyzed using Prism software version 9.0 and T-test.

In this study, the mean horizontal length of the mandible body in women and men was 97.16 and 83.97 mm, respectively, and the data analysis showed a significant difference between the two sexes. Also, the gonial angle in men was measured as 173.1 and 166.9 degrees on average on the right and left sides, respectively, and on average as 144.6 and 142.1 degrees on the right and left sides in women. The data analysis indicated a significant difference between the two sexes, while the gonial angle was greater in men than women.

According to the findings of this study, the two parameters of the horizontal length of the body and the gonial angle of the mandible can be significant indicators in forensic anthropology and other related studies.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of core stability exercises in the trunk area on lower limb alignment and lower and upper limb function in Kyokushin athletes. 

The statistical sample of the research included 30 female Kyokushin players aged 14-18 years, who were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The control group performed common Kyokushin exercises and the experimental group performed core stability exercises for 6 weeks. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and paired t-tests were used to compare between groups and within groups. 

The results of the paired t-test showed a significant effect of training programs on changes in upper and lower limb function in both experimental and control groups (P≤0.05); however, a significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test in both control and experimental group. The test was not observed in the Q angle (P>0.05). The results of ANCOVA test showed that after controlling the effect of the pre-test, a significant difference was observed in lateral jump (P≤0.05) between the experimental and control groups. However, no difference was observed between the two groups in the changes of closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), square jump, and Q angle (P>0.05).

Considering the nature of Kyokushin and the research results, it is suggested that people working in Kyokushin do not feel the need for core stability exercises separately.

The aim of this study was to compare postural control between Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) and healthy adolescents.

In this cross-sectional study, 20 AIS adolescents with a right thoracic curvature between 10 and 45 degrees and 20 healthy adolescents were matched to compare postural control. Postural control assessments included Center of Pressure (COP) range and COP velocity in the Anteroposterior (AP) and Mediolateral (ML) directions, and the COP sway area in the standing position with opened eyes and closed eyes by the force plate.

This study showed that the postural control variables in AIS adolescents and healthy adolescents in terms of COP range, COP velocity, and COP sway area in standing positions with open and closed eyes were significantly different with those of AIS adolescents being worse than those of healthy adolescents (all p<0.001). The interaction between Group and Condition (eyes open and eyes closed) was not significant for all variables (all p>0.05).

Differences in the postural control measures indicate postural instability in adolescents with AIS compared to healthy adolescents.