جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Running » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Excessive pronation of the foot during the stance phase of the gait cycle leads to increased flexibility of the foot, causing instability. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of using motion control shoes in runners with pronated feet on the absolute angles of the hip and leg joints in the sagittal plane before and after fatigue during running.

In this study, 13 female beginners with pronated feet were selected as the experimental group. CAST markers were used to identify the pelvic, thigh, leg, and foot segments. Motion analysis was performed using six Basler video cameras with a sampling rate of 200 Hz. A low-pass Butterworth filter with a 4th order (10 Hz frequency cutoff) was used for filtering.

The maximum absolute angle of the lower leg in the sagittal plane during 35% of the initial support phase of running when using motion control shoes after fatigue was about 6.05 degrees, compared to the condition when using control shoes before fatigue. The minimum absolute angle of the thigh in the sagittal plane during 50% of the initial support phase of running when using motion control shoes after fatigue decreased by about 4.09 degrees compared to the condition when using control shoes before fatigue.

Motion control shoes reduce the rearfoot angle after fatigue in runners.

Various exercises have been studied to reduce the complications caused by the use of doxorubicin and other chemotherapy drugs on healthy body organs; But a limited number of these studies have compared the effect of different sports programs; Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare running and swimming on some liver enzymes of rats induced by doxorubicin.

36 adult male desert mice weighing 230 to 280 grams were randomly divided into 6 groups of 6: resting sham (SH), treadmill sham (SHT), swimming sham (SHS), doxorubicin rest (D), doxorubicin treadmill (DT), doxorubicin swimming (DS) were divided. The sports groups did the exercise program 5 sessions a week for 6 weeks. 24 hours after the last exercise session, blood was taken from the left ventricle of the animal with a syringe. To analyze the data, descriptive analysis and one-way analysis of variance, ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05.

Doxorubicin injection caused a significant increase in ALP, SGPT, and SGOT enzymes, both running and swimming exercises caused a significant decrease in ALP, SGPT, and SGOT enzymes, but there was no significant difference between the running and swimming groups on the reduction of the studied enzymes.

Based on the results of the present study, it seems that endurance sports activities are a good way to reduce hepatotoxicity caused by doxorubicin injection in cancer patients, and none of the swimming and running exercises are preferable to the other.

Propose:

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a common ailment among runners and those leading active lifestyles. This study aimed to explore the differences in the coordination variability and muscle functionality in the lower limbs of professional athletes afflicted with PFPS compared to their healthy counterparts during running.

Eighteen male athletes with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) and 18 healthy male athletes participated in this study. Data recording was conducted using 6 Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors placed on both thighs, shins, and feet, along with surface electrodes on the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and gluteus medius muscles. The coordination variability and electrical activity of the lower limbs of each participant were examined while running at a self-selected speed on a treadmill for 21 minutes, during both the stance and swing phases at the test's beginning, and only during the stance phase at the test's end. An independent t-test was utilized for statistical analysis (p≥0.05).

Coordination variability between sagittal thigh-sagittal shin, sagittal thigh-transverse shin, transverse thigh-transverse shin, frontal thigh-transverse shin, sagittal shin-transverse foot, and transverse shin-sagittal foot was lower in the PFPS group compared to the healthy group during the stance phase (p≥0.05), and sagittal shin-transverse foot coordination variability was lower during the swing phase (p=0.001). The activation timing of the vastus medialis and gluteus medius muscles in the PFPS group was delayed compared to the healthy group (p=0.005 and p=0.002, respectively) and remained active for a longer duration (p=0.007 and p=0.001, respectively), with less overall activity (p=0.001).

The research indicates that the performance of the muscles studied may be a contributing factor to the reduced coordination variability observed in the lower limbs.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) reestablishes electromyography activity during moderate activities such as walking but it is unclear whether this is also the case in sports activities such as running. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the acute effect of using anti- pronation insoles on muscle frequency content in an individual with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with pronated feet during running.

The sample of this study consisted of 13 individuals with both ACLR and pronated feet aged 23.2±4.5 years and 13 healthy ones aged 22.9±4.1 years. During both Pre and Post-tests, participants ran barefoot on an 18-m runway at a constant speed of 3.3±5 m/s. The electromyography activity of the lower limb muscles was recorded during running with and without anti-Pronation insoles. Two-way ANOVA with repeated-measures test was used for statistical analysis.

The results indicated greater vastus medial frequency content in ACLR with the pronated feet group than that the healthy group during the loading phase (p=0.024). Also, results demonstrated that the rectus femoris frequency content was greater at the insole condition compared with and without it during the loading phase (p=0.014).

The results of this research showed a significant change in the activity of the quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteus medius, and gastrocnemius when using anti-pronation insoles in people with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and pronate feet. Therefore, it could be useful clinically.

Fatigue is considered one of the factors effective in changing the electrical activity of muscles so that it is directly linked to increasing the potential of muscular injuries and functional decline in various stages of sports. The present study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of electrical activity of lower limb muscles before and after fatigue during running in individuals with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to healthy individuals.

This quasi-experimental research was conducted on 14 women with a history of COVID-19 over the past two months (the experimental group) and 14 women without a history of COVID-19 (the control group) with an age range of 18-30 years using the convenience sampling method in the city of Ardabil. The fatigue protocol started using a sophisticated treadmill at a speed of 6 km/h, and the treadmill speed was accelerated by 1 km/h every 2 minutes. The Borg’s Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) 6-20 Scale was used to determine the participants’ final moment of fatigue. A steady-state running fatigue protocol ended at a score higher than 17 on the Borg’s RPE 6-20 scale or 80% of maximum heart rate. Electromyography data were analyzed using the data LITE biometrics software before and after the fatigue protocol.

There was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of the electrical activity of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle between the post-test of the control group and the experimental group (d=0.410, P=0.035). The pretest-posttest difference of the frequency of electrical activity of the VL muscle after fatigue compared to before fatigue during the loading response phase during running had a statistically significant increase in the experimental group than in the control group (d=0.602, P=0.016). The frequency of the activity of the semitendinosus muscle increased after fatigue compared to before fatigue during the mid-stance phase of running (d=0.261, P=0.005). The impact of fatigue on the frequency of the activity of the VL muscle during the push-off phase of running was statistically significant (d=0.140, P=0.049). The frequency of the activity of the VL muscle increased after fatigue compared to before fatigue during the push-off phase of running in the experimental group.

The increased electrical activity of the lower limb muscles in various phases of running after fatigue in individuals with a history of COVID-19 can be attributed to decreased neuromuscular coordination.

Obesity has become a global problem that can affect the mechanism of running in obese people. Abnormal running pattern can lead to skeletal-muscular disorders and subsequently a decrease in the absorption of shocks due to physical activity, an increase in knee and back pain, an increase in the joints’ instability, a reduction in the time to reach the peak of ground reaction forces, and an increase in the peak of ground reaction forces. On the other hand, a change and disorder in the aforementioned components can lead to an increase in loading rate, micro fractures of the tibia bone, patellofemoral pain syndrome, iliotibial band syndrome, plantar fascia, and other soft tissue injuries. Considering the importance of running mechanics in obese people and the lack of sufficient studies in this field, it is necessary to evaluate this issue scientifically. Therefore, all those interested in the field of biomechanics are suggested to conduct studies in this area.

Moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) has been reported as an effective exercise on bone metabolism. However, very few studies have focused on high-intensity interval training (HIIT). The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of HIIT and MICT training on bone density in middle-aged rats.

30 male Wistar rats (16 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups: control, MICT and HIIT. Both test groups completed 8 weeks (5 sessions per week) of treadmill training in which the HIIT group performed 10 sessions of running at a speed of 35-47 m/min with a 2-minute active recovery, and the HIIT group ran continuously for 10-45 minutes at a speed of 15-20 meters per minute. The body composition and bone mineral density in the whole body were evaluated through Dual Xray absorptiometry (DXA) at the beginning and after the intervention. The data was analyzed using SPSS software and one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests.

After 8 weeks of intervention, BMD of the whole body and femur increased significantly in both groups (p0≥0.05), although the observed change was greater in the HIIT group (p≥0.05). In addition, in the case of BMD of the lumbar vertebra, no significant difference was observed between all three groups after the intervention (p≤0.05).

These findings show that a period of HIIT and MICT training can improve bone density in middle-aged rats and compared to MICT, HIIT had more benefits on bone density.

Using lumbar orthoses changes the running mechanics. An essential biomechanical factor in rehabilitation and injury prevention is the co-contraction of the knee and ankle joints. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 2 types of thoracolumbosacral braces on ankle and knee joint co-contraction in people with kyphosis during running.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 15 men aged 18-25 years suffering from kyphosis greater than 40 degrees in the Biomechanics Laboratory of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Health Center during the summer of 2020. Each participant randomly performed 3 running tests in each condition: without a brace, with a sensor brace, and with a simple brace. The test consisted of electromyographic data of the selected lower limb muscles, which also recorded the contraction of the knee and ankle muscles in the right leg when running at a constant speed.

The results showed a reduction of the general knee co-contraction while using a sensory brace compared to without the brace by 6% during the loading phase (P<0.05). Additionally, using a simple brace compared to the condition without a brace, the ankle-directed contraction during the push-off phase decreased by 38% (P<0.05). Directed vastus medialis and lateralis co-contraction while using a sensory brace increased by about 49% compared to without the brace at the loading phase and increased by about 47% at the mid-stance phase without a brace condition compared to the simple brace condition (P<0.05).

General knee co-contraction after using a sensory brace was lower than when a simple brace was used.

The aim of the present study was to comparison of the effect of polyurethan thermoplastics military boots mileage on lower limb muscle activities during running in people with and without back pain.

The statistical population of the present study consisted of healthy men and with low back pain in Ardabil province. A statistical sample of 30 people aged 20-25 years was selected by available sampling and participated in the present study. Statistical samples were divided into two groups. There were 15 patients in the low back pain group, and the second group of 15 people as the healthy group. They received two new and used pair of boots. They were made of thermoplastic polyurethane. muscle activities of the right leg were recorded during running. Two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis at a significance level of 0.05.

Findings showed significant main effect of boot type for rectus femoris (p=0.037 d=0.146) during loading phase and gluteus Medius (p=0.006 d=0.242) during push-off phase. Findings showed significant main effect of boot-by-group interactions for rectus femoris during mid-stance (P=0.020; d=0.161).

The results of this study showed that the type of boots used can be effective in preventing lower limb injuries and absorbing shock and impact in people with low back pain, on the other hand, the use of new thermoplastic polyurethane operational boots is suggested for people with low back pain. Our findings showed that the observed changes in muscle activity variables are more obvious in second-hand boots. It seems that changing boots after 6 months of heavy wearing is suitable for people.

Background & Aims:

Training with theraband has been considered as an effective method, so that it is used to increase the strength and stability of the body position, and effective results have been obtained.
Also, hydrotherapy in a shallow pool has physiological and biomechanical advantages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrotherapy and theraband on ground reaction forces and electrical activity during running in people with pronitis.

Materials & Methods:

The current research was of semi-experimental and laboratory type. The sample included 45 male students with peronitis with an age range of 18-25, which were chosen purposefully and voluntarily. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups of water exercises, theraband exercises, and control groups. Before and after training in water and training by traband, ground reaction force variables were measured using a force plate device. Two-way analysis of variance and t-test at a significance level of 0.05 were used for statistical analysis of the data.

There was a statistically significant difference before and after training in water and training with the band between the effect of time on the peak component of the anterior-posterior force when the heel leaves the ground (P=0.019; d=0.124) and the time it reaches the peak of the anterior-posterior force when the heel leaves the ground (P=0/023; d=0.116). There was also a statistically significant difference before and after training in water and training with the band on the effect of the group factor in the peak anterior-posterior force component during heel contact with the ground (P=0.029; d=0.159) and peak vertical force during heel contact with the ground (P=0.037; d=0.145), The interaction effect of time*group in the internal-external force component during the contact of the heel with the ground before and after the exercises in the water and the training with the band showed a statistically significant difference (P=0.001; d=0.268). Also there was a statistically significant difference the interaction effect of time*group in the component of the time to reach the peak of anterior-posterior force before and after the exercises in the water and the training with the band (P=0.008; d=0.205).

The findings of the present study showed that the effect of exercises in water and theraband on the ground reaction force during running has a significant effect on the rehabilitation of people with peronitis, although the exercises in the water are more effective compared to the exercises with traband.

Background & Aim:

Genu varus is one of the most common injuries of the lower limb, which affects posture control by creating internal torque on the ankle and foot joints. The complication of Genu varus is accompanied by the biomechanical change of the lower limb during walking and running. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using agility shoes on running kinetics in individuals with genu varus before and after fatigue protocol.

Methods & Methods:

This study was a case-control type. In this study, 14 individuals with genu varus and 15 healthy ones as control aged 20-30 years participate. Using the Bertec Force platform, ground reaction forces were recorded during running before and after the fatigue protocol. The normality of data distribution was confirmed using the Shapiro Wilk test. Two way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. All the analyzes were performed at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS 25 software.

In both groups, the fxto values during the pre-test was larger than that post-test (p=0.000). Also, the fyhc values in the pretest was larger than the posttest (p=0.000). Moreover, the fypo values in the pretest were larger than the posttest (p=0.000).

In general, running kinetics were similar in individuals with genu varus compared with healthy controls before and after fatigue protocol while using agility shoes.

Genu varum is one of the most common abnormalities of the knee joint in which the inner condyles of the femur move away from each other. The aim of the present study was to compare efficiency of exercise on the treadmill and ground on the ground reaction forces during walking in people with genu varum.

The present study was a quasi-experimental and laboratory study. Forty-five boys with genu varum were selected randomly and divided into three groups of 15 in each including: exercise on the treadmill (age: 21.78±2.28 years, weight: 83.35±1.10 kg), exercise on the ground (age: 21.14±2.33 years, weight: 82.25±1.84 kg), and control group (age: 23.14±2.60 years, weight: 80.15±1.50 kg). Running exercises were performed for eight weeks in training groups with running speed of 3.2 m/s. Ground reaction forces were recorded by Bertec Corporation (Columbus, OH) with sampling frequency of 1000 Hz. Ground reaction force amplitudes and their time to peak were used for statistical analysis. For statistical analysis, SPSS V21 software and analysis of variance with repeated measures (repeated measure ANOVA) were used at a significant level of 0.05.

The results of the present study demonstrated that time to peak of the medio-lateral force at heel contact phase at exercise on the ground group was statistically different from other groups (P=0.000). Also, time to peak of the medio-latral force at heel contact phase at exercise on the treadmill group was statistically different from other groups (P =0.000). Moreover, time to peak of the vertical force at push-off phase at exercise on the treadmill group was statistically different from other groups (P =0.000).

According to the results, training on the treadmill is most effective than training on the ground on time to reach peak forces than force amplitudes. Overall, training on the treadmill have greater positive aspects than training on the ground. However, future studies are needed to establish this issue.