جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Serum » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Immunology has played a prominent role in the history of medicine and considerable research has been conducted to explore the history of this science. However, the use of blood serum to treat diseases in pre-medieval times lacks a well-documented history. Despite this knowledge gap, Emil Adolf von Behring is recognized for his groundbreaking discovery of serum therapy. Serum therapy involves the administration of animal or human blood serums as a means of combating infections, paving the way for more effective disease management in the medical field.This research, citing the book, The Canon of Medicine, written by Avicenna, states that there is evidence suggesting that serum therapy can be seen much earlier than its use in the Western world. In the discussion of poisonous animal bites, Avicenna first states the significance of fortifying the immune system to protect the body. In Avicenna’s work on rabies, he states that if a patient bitten by a rabid dog eats the blood of the rabid dog that bit him, or eats the rabid dog’s liver and heart, or puts it on his wound, especially if the liver and heart belong to the same dog that bit him, the patient will be healed. This early exploration of utilizing animal-derived substances to combat disease may be regarded as an antecedent to contemporary serum therapy, which was later developed by Emil Adolf von Behring.This research reveals that Islamic scholars, especially Avicenna, through their clinical and practical experiences, possessed knowledge of the immune system and serum therapy long before the discoveries of Edward Jenner and Emil Adolf von Behring. Consequently, they were able to successfully apply this knowledge in treating patients well before the formal recognition of these principles in Western medicine.

Testicular cancer (TC) is a relatively rare type of cancer in men. Early diagnosis of TC remains challenging. Metabolomics holds promise in offering valuable insights in this regard. In this study, a metabolic fingerprinting approach was employed to identify potential biomarkers in both serum and seminal plasma of TC patients.

A total of 9 patients with testicular cancer and 10 controls were included in the study. The metabolic fingerprinting approach was utilized as a rapid diagnostic tool to analyze the metabolome in serum and seminal plasma of TC patients in comparison to fertile men. Raman spectroscopy was applied for the analysis of metabolites in these biological samples.

Principal component analysis (PCA) and functional group analysis showed that the differentiation between serum samples from healthy men and TC patients was not possible. However, when analyzing seminal plasma, a significant difference was found between the two groups (p<0.05). Functional group analysis of serum only showed an increase in tryptophan concentration ratio in TC patients as compared to healthy men (p=0.03). In contrast, in seminal plasma of TC patients, this increase was observed in all analyzed compounds, including phenylalanine, tyrosine, lipids, proteins, phenols (p<0.001).

Our study highlights the potential of metabolic fingerprinting as a fast diagnostic tool for screening TC patients, with seminal plasma serving as a valuable biological sample. Furthermore, several potential biomarkers, particularly phenylalanine, were identified in seminal plasma. This research contributes to our understanding of TC pathogenesis and has the potential to pave the way for early detection and personalized treatment approaches.

The nutrient contents of maize and cassava composite flour used in the preparation of cakes, pastas and porridges are low in protein with high carbohydrates, leading consumers to several nutritional and health challenges. The study aimed to investigate impact of consuming maize-cassava-soybean flour blends on the nutritional value and safety of the diet in wistar rats.

The flours were prepared from maize, cassava and soybean at the ratios of 70:25:5, 70:20:10, 70:15:15 and 70:10:20 (maize: cassava: soybean). The proximate composition was determined using standard methods. The flour blends were, thereafter, fed to 15 wistar rats for 21 days using 100 % maize flour, 70:30% (maize-cassava) and 70:15:15% (maize-cassava-soybean). Subsequently, their blood samples were collected and analyzed for blood glucose and biochemical indices.

Protein, fats and ash increased with the addition of soybeans, whereas, moisture, fibre and carbohydrate decreased. The animals were observed to consume more feeds of soybean inclusion, with a significant weight gain and a reduced fasting and post prandial blood glucose. The intake of maize-cassava flour supplemented with 15 % soybean flour by the rats, elevated serum protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, sodium, chloride and magnesium. The intake, however, decreased triglycerides, low density lipoprotein as well as calcium, potassium and phosphorus levels. It also caused reduction in the activities of liver enzymes, suggestive of no liver damage and toxicity.

Therefore, the incorporation of soybean to our maize-cassava-based diet can enhance its nutritional value and safe for healthy living.

The production of bovine theileriosis vaccine involves in vitro cultivation of Theileria annulata schizont-infected cell lines. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is commonly used in animal cell culture, including the Theileria cell line. However, we aimed to reduce the amount of serum needed for cell culture by modifying the Stoker culture medium with supplements such as excretion factor and serum substitutes.  

To evaluate the effectiveness of these modifications, techniques such as cell counting, cell viability assays, and genomic analysis were employed in the Parasitic Vaccines Production Department of Razi institute of Iran, from 2020 to 2022.  Statistical analysis was used to compare the results of different experimental conditions.  

The three experimental media were as effective as the commonly used 10% Stoker medium in supporting the growth and viability of cells.

The significant reduction in the required amount of serum and the remarkable cell growth achieved by using defined serum replacements for the production of cell culture media is a significant step towards the preparation of a proper cell culture medium for the production of bovine Theileriosis vaccine.

This study investigated the effects of gonadal removal in male and female rats on changes in serum biochemical parameters.

Twenty-eight adult male and female rats were divided into four groups of 7 animals for a period of 9 weeks. The first and second groups of intact male and female rats, as well as the third and fourth groups of male and female rats, were gonadectomized, respectively. At the end of the ninth week of the study, the rats were anesthetized with chloroform, and the amount of glucose, some lipid parameters in serum, and the activity of a number of serum enzymes were measured after taking blood from the heart.

Alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were higher in intact male rats than in intact female rats, respectively (P=0.03, P=0.015). The amounts of glucose and cholesterol of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in intact female rats were higher than in the ovariectomized rats, respectively (P=0.07, P=0.039, P=0.03). The amount of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in spayed female rats demonstrated a significant increase compared to other groups (P=0.001). However, there was a significant decrease in calcium levels in gonadectomized rat groups in comparison to intact female rats (P=0.02). Finally, a significant increase was found in phosphorous levels in the intact male rats group compared to other groups (P=0.002).

Decreased sex hormones in gonadectomized rats compared with intact rats could lead to increased serum levels of LDH, ALP, and LDL cholesterol that may result in the development of metabolic and atherogenesis syndromes and acute liver failure.

 The complement system plays a role in chronic immune activation during viral infections.

 This study aimed to evaluate the levels of saliva and serum complements C3 and C4 in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and healthy individuals.

 This cross-sectional study included 36 severe and 22 critical COVID-19 hospitalized patients and 22 healthy individuals. Serum and unstimulated salivary C3 and C4 levels were assessed using the immunoturbidimetric method and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Student-Newman-Keuls test as a post hoc analysis.

 Salivary C3 and C4 levels were significantly lower in patients with severe and critical COVID-19 than in healthy individuals. There was no significant difference between the groups infected with severe and critical COVID-19. Serum C3 and C4 levels were lower in critical COVID-19 patients than in healthy individuals; nevertheless, no significant difference was observed between severe COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals. Additionally, serum C4 levels were lower in critical COVID-19 patients than in severe COVID-19 patients.

 It appears that serum and salivary C3 and C4 levels decrease in patients with COVID-19 infection.

 The liver plays an important role in the regulation of glucose concentration and metabolism. Diabetic patients develop abnormalities in liver enzymes affecting the liver and its function. A recent study shows the association between liver enzymes and diabetes mellitus (DM) which leads to diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy if left untreated. The aim of the present study was to determine the impairment of liver enzymes in the patients with diabetic individuals compared to non-diabetic individuals.

 This is a cross-sectional study that was carried out at the Star Hospital, Sanepa, Lalitpur, Nepal, from June 2021 to August 2021. A total of 260 participants were included in this study, out of which, 135 were known diabetic cases and 125 were nondiabetic control. Fasting plasma glucose was analyzed with semi-automated analyzer STAT Fax 3300 by GOP-POD method and liver enzymes were analyzed by IFCC method. An Independent T-test was applied. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 16.0.

 The prevalence of elevated liver enzymes was significantly higher in diabetic individuals compared to nondiabetic ones. ALT, AST, and ALP were raised by 28.8%, 23.7%, and 48.8%, respectively among the patients with DM. significant increases in AST and ALT was observed in men compared to women, but changes in ALP level was insignificant when compared by gender. A significant elevation of AST and ALP was seen in diabetic patients compared to controls (P<0.05).

 Positive correlation was found between fasting sugar, ALT, AST, and ALP. Similarly, a positive correlation was found between HbA1C and liver enzymes (AST< ALT and ALP).

The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in tuberculosis infection is well established. As microR- NAs are able to change expression profiles according to different conditions, they can be useful biomarkers. Iranians and Afghans with tuberculosis were studied for three immune-related miRNAs (miR-let-7f, miR-125a, and miR-125b).

A total of 60 Iranian and Afghan patients with active pulmonary TB were enrolled in the Pulmo- nary Department of the Pasteur Institute of Iran. Serum and sputum samples were collected simultaneously from all partici- pants. A Real-time PCR was conducted to detect differentially expressed miRNAs.

Iranian (P<0.0001) and Afghan (P<0.0001) serum samples and Afghan (P<0.0001) sputum samples overexpressed miR-125a, whereas Iranian sputum samples showed downregulation (P=0.0039). In both Iranian (P<0.0001; P=0.0007) and Afghan (P<0.0001; P<0.0001) serum and sputum samples, miR-125b was overexpressed. Furthermore, miR-let-7f down- regulation was observed in serum and sputum samples (P<0.0001), whereas Iranian sputum samples had no statistically significant differences (P=0.348).

Overexpression of miR-125a and miR-125b has been detected in Iranian and Afghan samples. In both races, miR-let-7f downregulation has been confirmed. Identification of miRNA profiles under different conditions opens the door to evaluating potential new biomarkers for diagnosis, disease monitoring, and therapeutic markers in TB infection.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder of women in reproductive age with significant effects on reproductive and metabolic functions. Many molecular players may be involved in PCOS pathology; however, miRNAs possess great ability in gene expression control in normal ovarian function and folliculogenesis. We appraised the relative expression of miR-146a, miR-222, miR-9, and miR-224 in serum and follicular fluid (FF) of PCOS patients compared to control subjects. PCOS (n = 35) and control (n = 30) subjects were recruited in the study during their enrolment in IVF cycles. Serum and FF of human subjects were collected and stored. Total RNA was isolated from samples and cDNA was synthesized using miRNA-specific stem-loop RT primers. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expression of miRNAs relative to U6 expression. The predictive value of miRNAs’ expression for discrimination of PCOS patients from control subjects was evaluated by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. miR-224 was not detected in serum and FF samples. Significantly, higher levels of miR-146a and miR-9 in serum of PCOS group were detected. In contrast, relative expression of miR-146a and miR-9 significantly decreased in FF. In PCOS group, relative expression of all detected miRNAs was elevated in serum in comparison to FF, whereas in control group no change was noticed. Combination of FF miRNAs showed improved predictive value with area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.84, 93.8% sensitivity, and 83.3% specificity. Contradicting alternations of miRNAs in serum and FF are indicative of different sources of miRNAs in body fluids. Presumptive target genes of studied miRNAs in signaling pathways may show the potential role of these miRNA in folliculogenesis.

This study aimed to evaluate serum vitamin D levels in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in comparison to healthy controls in an Iranian population.
A cross-sectional study was conducted, which included 69 patients with OLP, 40 patients with OSCC, and 60 healthy controls. Serum vitamin D levels were measured using the ELISA method. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and T-tests, and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
The study found that 17.9% of OLP patients, 27.25% of OSCC patients, and 25% of the control group had normal vitamin D levels. The mean vitamin D level in OLP patients (17.00 ± 14.16 ng/mL) was significantly lower than that in the control group (22.99 ± 14.46 ng/mL) (P = 0.003). However, in OSCC patients, the mean vitamin D level (24.63 ± 16.19 ng/mL) was not significantly different from that of the control group.
The study revealed a high rate of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in OLP, OSCC, and control group patients. Vitamin D deficiency was more common in patients with OLP. Vitamin D deficiency may potentially increase the risk of OLP and OSCC development and progression.

 Reducing uric acid (UA) levels can provide some improvements in terms of the development risk and course of various diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment of UA elevation have become an important research area in recent years.

 The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between diets and the change in serum UA levels after diets with different carbohydrate, and fat ratios were applied in male and female patients with or without high serum UA levels.

 In the study, three different diets were applied, including a low-carbohydrate diet, a low-fat diet, and a diet low in both carbohydrates and fat. The research was performed with a total of 41 patients (10 males and 31 females) who were referred to the diet polyclinic. Diet programs containing different carbohydrate and fat ratios were applied to the patients. The UA parameters of the participants were evaluated retrospectively. Afterward, pre-diet and post-diet serum UA levels were measured, and the results were compared statistically.

 Following diet programs, there was a significant decrease in both serum UA levels and weight loss in patients. No significant difference was found between the diets applied in terms of reducing serum UA levels. Further, no significant correlation was observed between serum UA levels and diet duration. However, in the correlation graph, there was a more pronounced reduction trend in serum UA levels with an increase in the diet period. No significant correlation was found between weight values and duration of diet. Finally, the difference between UA levels and weight changes was statistically significant (P<0.001).

 In addition to examinations for various diseases, adding UA levels to the test panel in routine biochemistry screenings and evaluating the results together with clinical findings and taking necessary precautions in a timely manner are of critical importance for public health.

According to the high prevalence of iron (Fe) deficiency anemia, it is highly important to reach simple and cost-effective methods for accurate diagnosis. Considering that saliva, as a diagnostic substance is of great value, the present study aimed to compare the amount of salivary Fe and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) levels of patients with Fe deficiency anemia and healthy individuals.

In this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study, thirty 20-40-year-old women participated in case (patients with anemia) and control (healthy individuals) groups. After collecting the serum and saliva samples of each participant, Fe and TIBC levels were measured in µg/dL. Data were analyzed using SPSS with Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t test and Pearson correlation tests at the significant level of 0.05.

The mean age of the participants of the case and control groups was 31.25 and 30.6, respectively. The average amounts of salivary Fe and TIBC of patients with Fe deficiency were 28.60 and 610.00 µg/dL, respectively. Further, the means of salivary Fe and TIBC of the control group were 78.80 and 290.00 µg/dL, respectively. Based on the results, the serum Fe and TIBC of anemic patients were 27.05 and 589.70 µg/ dL, whereas the means of the serum Fe and TIBC of the control group were 80.27 and 286.80, respectively. There were significant differences between both salivary and serum values of the Fe and TIBC of case and control groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, the relationship between the serum and salivary levels of Fe and TIBC were positive and significant (P<0.05).

Based on the results of the present study, significant changes were found in the salivary amount of the Fe and TIBC of patients with Fe deficiency anemia corresponding to the serum levels of Fe and TIBC, thus saliva could be considered as a diagnostic substance for the detection of Fe deficiency anemia.

Introduction: The most common hepatic disease is fatty liver. Raised serum ferritin levels are often described as an indicator of liver function. The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between fatty liver in men by ultrasound and serum ferritin levels in patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft in 2020. Materials and Methods: In this case series study, there is both a descriptive and an analytical component. The study population consisted of all male patients with fatty liver. Patients were included in the study after being visited by a specialist and thus diagnoses their fatty liver were mades by ultrasound. After clinical examination and diagnosis of fatty liver, patients were prepared on a fasting basis for Paraclinical tests (serum levels of iron, and ferritin). After collecting data from patient surveys based on a researcher-made checklist, the data were entered into SPSS V23 (22). Results: The mean age of patients was 46.8± 16.7. 27. There was a statistically significant correlation between ferritin level and disease severity based on the ultrasound view (P-value = 0.000). Also, there was a significant correlation between serum iron level and disease severity based on the ultrasound view (P-value = 0.005). Conclusion: The present study findings indicate a correlation between the severity of fatty liver disease and the level of serum ferritin and iron. Therefore, we need to pay special attention to the level of these indicators in patients with fatty liver.

The cytokine storm and lymphopenia are reported in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs) exist in two different forms, granulocyte (G-MDSCs) and monocytic (M-MDSCs), that both suppress T-cell function. In COVID-19, the role of chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-8 in recruiting MDSCs is unclear. A recent report has correlated IL-8 and MDSCs with poor clinical outcomes in melanoma patients. In the current study, we evaluated the frequency of MDSCs and their correlation with serum IL-8 levels in severe COVID-19 patients from Iran. Thirty-seven severe patients (8 on ventilation, 29 without ventilation), thirteen moderate COVID-19 patients, and eight healthy subjects participated in this study between 10th April 2020 and 9th March 2021. Clinical and biochemical features, serum, and whole blood were obtained. CD14, CD15, CD11b, and HLA-DR expression on MDSCs was measured by flow cytometry. COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects had a greater frequency of M-MDSCs (12.7±13.3% vs 0.19±0.20%,), G-MDSCs (15.8±12.6% vs 0.35±0.40%,) and total-MDSCs (27.5±17.3% vs 0.55±0.41%,). M-MDSC (16.8±15.8% vs 5.4±4.8%,) and total-MDSC (33.3±18.5% vs 17.3±13.3%) frequency was higher in non- ventilated compared to moderate COVID-19 subjects. Serum IL-8 levels were higher in patients with COVID-19 than in normal healthy subjects (6.4±7.8 vs. 0.10±00 pg/mL). Ventilated patients (15.7±6.7 pg/mL), non-ventilated patients (5.7±2.7 pg/mL) and moderate patients (2.8±3.0 pg/mL) had significantly different levels of IL-8.  A negative correlation was found between the frequency of G-MDSCs and the international normalized ratio (INR) test (r=-0.39), and between the frequency of total-MDSCs and oxygen saturation (%) (r=-0.39). COVID-19 patients with severe non-ventilated disease had the highest levels of M-MDSCs. In addition to systemic MDSCs, lung, serum IL-8, and other inflammatory biomarkers should be measured.

It is known that inflammatory responses occur in the airways of patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis during respiratory exacerbations but the role of these cytokines is not clear in this condition. Herein we evaluated the levels of interleukin-1b (IL-1b), IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage among children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.
This cross-sectional study was performed on all children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis who were admitted with respiratory exacerbation in the pediatric pulmonology ward of Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran-Iran. All patients underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy and spirometry before and after the bronchoscopy. IL-1b, IL-8, and TNF-a levels were measured in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage.
Patients included 10 (59%) female and 7 (41%) male subjects with mean age of 13.8 years (range, 5-18). Mean values for forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were below the normal range before and after bronchoscopy. Mean value for FVC (from 55% to 63%, P= 0.01) and FEV1 (from 60% to 64%, P= 0.26) increased after bronchoscopy compared to before that. IL-1b and IL-8 levels were increased and TNF-a level was decreased in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage but no significant correlation was found between spirometry and these cytokines levels.
Changes in inflammatory cytokines levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage during respiratory exacerbation in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis have no significant correlation with spirometry and cannot be used in clinical practice.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. One of the factors that are known to play a role in reducing inflammation is acetylcholine (Ach), which decreases cholinesterase to increase Ach. The present study investigated cholinesterase activity in the serum of patients with GERD.

In this cross-sectional study, 30 patients with GERD were referred to Imam Reza Hospital, and 30 healthy individuals were included in the study. Serum was collected in the morning and the fasting state. Cholinesterase activity was measured photometrically and analyzed by unpaired student t-test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

The mean serum cholinesterase activity was significantly lower in the GERD group (5,445 ± 411 IU/L) than in healthy individuals (6,728 ± 305 IU/L). The cut-off for the detection of patients suffering from GERD by the serum activity of cholinesterase was 5,637 IU/L.

It seems that the cholinesterase activity reduces in the serum of patients with GERD.

Various factors contribute to the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), one of which is Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2). The function of FGF2 is pleiotropic. The investigation of the role of this factor in the myelination has produced conflicting results.

To investigate the serum levels of FGF2 in patients with MS.

Eighty patients with MS and eighty healthy volunteers with no history of inflammation or demyelinating disorders were included, and serum samples were collected to evaluate serum levels of FGF2 using the ELISA technique. Both groups had the same age and gender distribution. For analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test was used.

Patients with MS had considerably greater serum FGF2 levels than the control group (p = 0.005). There was no difference between the FGF2 level in men and women.

Our data indicate that FGF2 levels may be related to the susceptibility of Iranian patients with MS. Further studies are required to analyze the involvement of FGF2 in enhancing the inflammatory process in MS.