جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Sleep » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Sleep deprivation negatively affects a person's emotions, cognition, and performance and ultimately reduces safety. The main purpose of this systematic review is to study and report the evidence on the effect of sleep deprivation on the performance of pilots. This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. International databases including PubMed, Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus were considered for the search of English articles up to April of 2023. Keywords were sleep deprivation, pilot, flight, performance, airline, air force, flight safety, fatigue, pilot performance, flight performance, eye movement, workload, motion, visual, attention, errors, cognition, sleep quality, and circadian rhythm. In this systematic review, 12 studies consisting of 259 subjects remained. Most of the studies have reported the negative effects of sleep deprivation in a different way, and the decrease in performance was expressed as one of the important issues following sleep deprivation. As various studies show, any type of sleep deprivation in pilots can have negative effects on their performance, and this decrease in performance can have irreparable consequences.

 Sleep is a vital physiological process that plays a crucial role in various aspects of human health and well-being. Regarding the important role of diet on the sleep quality, the present study aimed to assess the association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with the sleep outcomes and also to provide the potential mechanisms of action.

 PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases and Google Scholar search engine were systematically searched for relevant studies related to DII and sleep outcomes using appropriate search terms until February 2024.

 From the initial systematic search of databases, 197 studies were retrieved. However, only 14 of them met the criteria for evaluation. Out of these, eleven studies indicated a significant correlation between higher DII scores and poor overall sleep quality and/or short/long sleep duration or its subscales. On the contrary, four studies did not find any proof of this association.

 This systematic review indicated that following an anti-inflammatory diet could potentially lead to an improvement in the sleep outcomes. Well-designed clinical trials in the future will be necessary to provide a better understanding and quantification of this association.

The rapid distribution of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to an increased prevalence of mental problems. Also, patients with epilepsy (PWE) are more prone to mental illnesses, and approximately 25% of them have psychopathological comorbidities. On the other hand, cancellation of the patient’s appointment, decreased medical care services and strict isolation affect both the mental health and epilepsy care of the patients. 

This study aimed to compare depression, psychopathological distress, and sleep disturbances between PWE and a normal group during COVID-19 pandemic. 

A total of 76 PWE, who were consecutively referred to the Neurology Clinics of 22 Bahman Hospital, Khorasan Razavi, Iran, were recruited. Also, 76 age- and gender-matched healthy persons were included as the normal group. Demographic and epilepsy-related information was collected from the 6-item Kessler questionnaire, Beck depression inventory, and Pittsburgh sleep quality index questionnaire. The obtained data were used to assess psychopathological distress, depression, and sleep quality, respectively. 

PWE had significantly higher levels of psychopathological distress (P=0.04), depression (P=0.02), and sleep disorders (P=0.01) than healthy individuals. Results showed that duration of disease was significantly associated with depression level and sleep disorders (P<0.05). According to multivariate logistic regression results, disease duration had significant associations with Beck depression inventory scores (OR:1.128; 95% CI, 1.110%, 1.729%) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index scores (OR: 1.860; 95% CI, 1.363%, 1.922%). 

The significant disparities in psychopathological distress, depression and sleep disorders between PWE and healthy individuals highlight the vulnerability of PWE to mental health challenges during crises.

Poor sleep quality (SQ) is a common problem in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), which may reduce the quality of life and mood state and cause neuropsychological issues. 

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on the SQ in women who suffer from MS. 

From the patients with MS diagnosed by neurologists, 48 were selected by convenient sampling and randomly assigned to MBSR and control groups. The participants of two groups filled out the Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire as a pre-test, 8 weeks later as a post-test, and 1 month later as a follow-up. The MBSR group received 8 sessions of group therapy, while the control group did not receive any psychotherapy. The data were analyzed using variance analysis.  

The results showed that the SQ of the MBSR group improved in all aspects significantly (P<0.01). 

Mindfulness-based stress reduction is helpful for improving the SQ in patients with MS.

Due to the importance of sleep for the quality of life of cardiac patients, there is a need to find effective methods to improve their sleep quality. One of these methods is the foot reflexology (FR). This study aims to investigate the FR effects on the sleep conditions of cardiac patients.

This is a systematic review study that was conducted in 2023. After searching in the national and international databases for studies published from 1980 to 2023, 162 studies were assessed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, of which 147 were excluded. Finally, three randomized clinical trials that used FR were included, two were for patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and one for patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).

The time of FR for each foot was in the range of 15-20 minutes and its duration ranged 2-4 days. The results of one study indicated that FR had a significant effect on sleep quality and quantity. However, other studies reported that FR was not significantly effective in improving sleep quality and quantity.

FR may improve the cardiac patients’ sleep quality and quantity. It seems that 15-minute FR at night is effective for improving the sleep conditions of CABG patients. However, further research is required on MI patients.

It is important to know how much are the auditory electrophysiological tests affected by sleep and wakefulness to be employed in different situations. This problem is more important for the speech-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response (speech- ABR) test that is affected by higher-level processing. This study aimed to compare the results of the speech-ABR test between wakefulness and sleep states.

Sixteen young male adults (aged 20–28 years) with normal hearing participated in this study. The speech-ABR to the /da/ syllable was recorded during wakefulness and sleep. Electroencephalography (EEG) and behavioral tests (eyes position, body movements, etc.) were monitored during the test time to confirm the sleep state.

The speech-ABR test parameters showed significant changes during sleep compared to wakefulness (latencies of waves V and A were longer and the amplitudes of waves V and A, the slope of V-A complex, and the spectral magnitude of F1 were lower). However, the spectral magnitude of higher frequencies was not significantly different. In addition, no significant statistical difference was observed in speech-ABR parameters between right and left ears.

Although the speech-ABR originates from brainstem centers, unlike conventional click-evoked ABR, it is affected by sleep as it is affected by the higher-level auditory processing functions. Although, further studies are needed. However, our study opens the way for many applied auditory studies about the possibility to use speech-ABR for auditory processing assessments in sleep state of different population groups, such as neonates.

Loneliness encompasses a range of emotions stemming from unmet personal and interpersonal needs, often arising from social isolation, a prevalent issue among older individuals. Existing research findings remain inconclusive regarding the precise relationship between loneliness, social isolation, and sleep patterns among the elderly. The present review aimed to explore the interconnection between loneliness, social isolation, and sleep.

This review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The literature search covered databases, such as PubMed, Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest. The initial keywords were loneliness, social isolation, sleep, and elderly or older adults. These keywords were further expanded and refined using Medical Subject Headings provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information.

A systematic online search revealed 13,418 publications. Out of these, 88 articles did not meet the inclusion criteria during the full-text screening phase, leaving only 13 articles eligible for in-depth analysis. The results indicated a strong interconnection between loneliness and social isolation.

Feelings of loneliness and social isolation are associated with reduced sleep quality among the elderly.

Chronic kidney disease is one of the public health issues in the world. Imbalances in the gut microbiome contribute to the progression of multiple diseases, including chronic kidney disease. The consumption of probiotics and synbiotics in treating various diseases has progressed significantly. 

The present study investigates the effects of synbiotic supplements on the intestinal microbiome, resulting in improving fatigue and sleep quality of end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.

The study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 52 patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis were included in the research and, through permuted block randomization, assigned to the synbiotic group (28 patients) and the placebo group (24 patients). The intervention group received 500 mg of synbiotic (Lactocore) twice a day for eight weeks, and the control group received a placebo for the same period. The patients were evaluated with the Chalder fatigue and Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaires at the beginning, the fourth week of the study, and at the end of the study. Demographic variables were analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher exact test, or independent sample t-test, as appropriate. The repeated measures test was used because the outcome variable has been measured three times in each group.

The samples, consisting of 26 males (50%) and 26 females (50%), were randomly allocated to the placebo (n=24, 46.16%), 12 males and 12 females, and the synbiotic supplement (n=28, 53.84%), 14 males and 14 females, groups. The result showed regular use of a synbiotic supplement for 8 weeks did not show a change in the amount of fatigue and sleep quality reported in patients receiving the synbiotic supplement considering the effect of time and group compared to the placebo group.

In general, the 8-week consumption of synbiotic supplements in the intervention group compared to the control group did not significantly affect the fatigue and sleep quality of patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer duration are suggested.

Sleep bruxism (SB) is a parafunctional oral habit that is frequently related to sleep arousals. The masseter inhibitory reflex (MIR) causes reflex inhibition of voluntary contractions of the elevator muscles induced by intense peri- or intraoral mechanical or electrical stimulations. This study aimed to investigate the changes in MIR of patients with SB, and the effect of different treatment modalities on MIR.

In this case-control study, 100 individuals were randomly assigned to four groups (n=25) of conservative treatment (G1), occlusal splint treatment (G2), low-level laser therapy (LLLT) treatment (G3); and control (G4). The MIR was tested in all participants before and one month after treatment. 

All MIR components of the patients had longer right and left SP1 and right and left SP2 latencies (P=0.017, P=0.043, P<0.001, and P=0.04, respectively), and shorter right and left SP1 and right and left SP2 durations (P=0.021, P=0.021, P<0.001, and P<0.001, respectively) as compared to the control group. The right SP1 and SP2 latencies were prolonged in G3 versus G1 and G2 (P=0.026 and P<0.001, respectively); whereas, the left SP2 latency was prolonged in G2 compared with G1. The right and left SP2 duration was not significantly different among the three treated groups. The left SP1 duration was not significantly different among the three treated groups. Gender had no effect on MIR parameters.

SB patients had an abnormal MIR response. LLLT was the most effective compared to other treatment modalities.

Symptoms of depression, sleep, and fatigue in stroke patients are associated with each other, and intervention development for improving of these symptoms is needed. This study aimed to examine the effects of hot red bean bag on depression, sleep state, sleep satisfaction, and fatigue among Korean stroke patients.

A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was employed. The study participants included 57 stroke patients (Intervention: n=28, Control: n=29) in a hospital in Seoul, South Korea from Aug 2017 to Mar 2018. Hot red bean bag, as an intervention, was heated in a 2,450 MHz microwave oven for 3 min, and applied for 30 min at 41±6 ℃ in the lower limbs of the intervention group for 5 days.

There were statistically significant differences on depression (P<0.001), sleep state (P<0.001), sleep satisfaction (P<0.001), and total fatigue (P<0.001) between the two groups.

Hot red bean bag was an effective intervention for decreasing depression and total/subcategories fatigue, and for improving sleep state and sleep satisfaction of Korean stroke patients. Research on complementary and alternative therapies for stroke patients needs be studied continuously.

 Sleep quality is affected by a plethora of different factors, although its relationship with chronic diseases is still unclear. This study explored perceived sleep quality and its associated determinants among the adult population of Malta.

Study Design:

 A cross-sectional study.

 An anonymous online survey was distributed through social media targeting adults residing in Malta. Data pertaining to socio-demographic, medical history, lifestyle, well-being, sleep, and daytime sleepiness were gathered, and descriptive, univariant, and multiple binary logistic regression modelling analyses were performed.

 A total of 855 adults responded, out of whom 35.09% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.90, 38.41) reported sleep difficulties, especially females (81.33%; 95% CI: 76.36, 85.49), while 65.33% (95% CI: 59.61, 70.65) reported suffering from chronic disease(s). Sleep problems were positively associated with multimorbidity (odds ratio [OR]: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.38, 3.40; P=0.001), sleeping<6 hours (OR: 3.79; 95% CI: 1.54, 9.30; P=0.040), and the presence of moderate anxiety symptoms (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.10, 3.59; P=0.020). They were also related to the presence of mild (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.46, 3.45; P=0.001), moderate (OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.24, 4.64; P=0.010), and moderately severe (OR: 15.35; 95% CI: 4.54, 31.86; P=0.001) depressive symptoms after adjusting for confounders.

 Chronic conditions, including anxiety and depression, along with short sleep duration, appear to contribute to poor sleep quality in Malta. A multifaceted approach is required to deal with the issue holistically and safeguard the health of current and future generations.

The premature infant imposes significant tension and stress on mothers and may affect quality of mothers' sleep. Therefore, this study was performed to assess the effect of kangaroo mother care using the role-playing method on the mother-infant attachment and sleep quality of mothers of premature infants.

 This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 78 mothers of premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the hospital affiliated to the Hamadan University of Medical Sciences from July 2010 to September 2011. The samples were selected by convenience method, then divided into two experimental and control groups by simple random allocation method. Mothers in the experimental group learned kangaroo mother care in two 30-minute sessions using modeling and unique clothing (role-playing). Then,  mothers performed 20-minute kangaroo mother care three times a day. Mothers in the control group performed kangaroo mother care through pamphlets and educational videos. Subjects completed mother-infant attachment and and sleep quality questionnaires before, after, and one week after the intervention. Data analysed by SPSS (version 22).

There was statistically significant difference between the two groups in the mother-infant attachment one day (P<0.011) and one week (P<0.012) after the intervention. Also, a statistically significant difference was ssen between the two groups in the mothers' sleep quality one day (P<0.001) and one week (P<0.002) after the intervention.

Training of kangaroo mother care by role-playing method could be used as a therapeutic technique in the NICU to improve mother-infant attachment and mamtenal sleep quality.

Sleep quality is a notable factor of well-being. It also may play a role in the development and progression of chronic diseases and cancers. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate poor sleep quality and its influencing factors among Iranian patients with esophageal and gastric cancer.

In this cross-sectional study, a total of 312 Iranian adult patients who suffered from esophageal and gastric cancers were employed from a gastrointestinal cancer-based cohort study conducted in a referral hospital in Tehran between 2015 and 2018. Persian version of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure poor sleep quality. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were applied to determine the related factors to poor sleep quality.

Of the participants, 203 (65.06%) were men, and 75.96% had gastric cancer. The mean age was 63.13 ± 12.10 years. The results demonstrated that more than 62% of the patients had poor sleep quality. 148 (62.44%) patients out of 237 patients with gastric cancer had poor-quality sleep. Also, 46 (64.38%) patients out of 237 patients with esophageal cancer had poor-quality sleep. Based on the results of multiple logistic regression models, marital status has a negative association with poor sleep quality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32, P = 0.015). In addition, having chronic disease (OR = 2.16; P = 0.028) and wealth index (OR = 3.11, P = 0.013; OR = 3.81, P = 0.003; OR = 3.29, P = 0.009; OR = 3.85, P = 0.003 for rich, moderate, poor, and poorest subgroups, respectively) had a positive association with poor sleep quality.

The findings showed that about two-thirds of the patients studied were poor sleepers. Also, it was observed that marital status, chronic disease, and wealth index were important factors associated with poor sleep quality.

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the third most frequent cause of infant mortality in the United States (US), which kills 3500 infants a year and accounts for 8% of all infant deaths. The study aims to evaluate mothers’ practices of preventing SIDS in Holy Karbala City and to find if there is a relationship between the mothers’ practices regarding the prevention of SIDS and demographic variables. 

This descriptive study was conducted at primary healthcare centers in Holy Kerbala City, Iraq (PHCCs). A total of 300 mothers answered a specific study questionnaire. The data were collected and analyzed statistically. The study was conducted on women who attend immunization units in PHCCs within the city of Holy Karbala. Both participants and PHCCs were selected randomly. A questionnaire study was constructed by an investigator based on previous studies in addition to the investigator’s experiences. The questionnaire included two parts, the first was about mothers’ sociodemographic characteristics and the second part reported practices about safe sleep for the child. The SPSS software, version 26 was used to analyze and interpret the data.

Mothers had a good level of practice in SIDS prevention with an Mean±SD of 16.6±2.7 and a total score of good practice (14.9±22). There is a significant relationship between mothers’ practices concerning their level of education, occupational status, and smoking status (P=0.001). However, there is a non-significant relationship between the mothers’ practices and the age, number of children, residency, and socioeconomic status (P>0.05).

SIDS is the sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age that cannot be explained following a thorough case investigation. This study shed light on the mothers’ practices in the prevention of SIDS in holy Kerbala City and found that mothers had a good level of practice in SIDS prevention regardless of their ages, number of children, residency, and socioeconomic status. To raise public awareness of SIDS, a comprehensive health education program should be put in place through mass media and booklets. Additionally, nursing staff must adhere to safe sleep standards, notably the supine posture. They should especially educate new and inexperienced moms about these measures during the antenatal period and after delivery.

Nocturnal enuresis has negative effects on children's sleep habits and quality of life. Implementing physical activity and regular exercise can probably have an effect on improving sleep habits and the quality of life of these children. Core Stability exercises can be mentioned among these exercises. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effects of core stability exercises on sleep habits and quality of life in children with nocturnal enuresis.

In this clinical trial, 70 children with nocturnal enuresis referred to the educational-therapeutic Shahid Mofateh polyclinic, affiliated with Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2022, were selected using a convenient sampling method from the available population. Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory generic version 4 were completed before and 48 hours after the end of the intervention. The intervention was conducted in 8 weeks, 3 sessions a week and each session lasted 45 minutes. SPSS software version 21 and chi-square, independent T and paired T tests were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that after the completion of the intervention, the changes in the mean score of sleep habits and quality of life in both groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Core Stability Exercises are effective in the sleep habits and quality of life of children with nocturnal enuresis.

Despite all the positive features of the internet, the risk of addiction threatens users. Sleep disorders and the negative effects on self-efficacy are important risks of this technology. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of modifying the parent-child interaction pattern based on play therapy (filial therapy) on internet addiction, sleep quality, and self-efficacy in 9-12-year-old children. This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 3617 boys and girls aged 9-12 years studying in selected schools in Kerman, Iran (12 elementary schools) in the academic year 2020-2021. A total of 72 students were randomly selected from among the children who met the benchmark score of internet addiction and were not under medical and psychological treatment. The participants were divided into two experimental and control groups (36 students each). A demographic information questionnaire, the Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS), the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.  The mean scores of internet addiction in the pre-test and post-test were 86.67 and 86.23 in the control group and 88.14 and 75.14 in the experimental group, respectively, which showed a decrease in internet addiction. The scores of sleep quality in the pre-test and post-test were 1.81 and 1.78 in the control group and 1.75 and 0.5 in the experimental group, respectively.Moreover, the overall scores of self-efficacy in the pre-test and post-test were 63.64 and 63.94 in the control group and 62.08and 81.75 in the experimental group, respectively. The results indicated an improvement in the overall quality of sleep and selfefficacy. The results showed that the severity of internet addiction in children decreased after the treatment based on modifying the parent-child interaction, and this treatment was also effective on self-efficacy and sleep disorders.

 Nursing is a physically and emotionally demanding job, making nurses highly susceptible to burnout. Burnout is associated with many deleterious consequences affecting health care outcomes.

 We aimed to evaluate and compare burnout and its associated risk factors in nurses working in 2 different wards: operating rooms and surgical wards.

 This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 100 operating room nurses and 100 surgical ward nurses at Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.

 Overall, the burnout score in surgical ward nurses was 69.22, while it was 67.97 in nurses working in operating rooms (P = 0.449). Scores of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment subscales in nurses of surgical wards were 54.66, 81.16, and 71.85, respectively. These rates for operating room nurses were 53.02, 80.44, and 70.47, respectively; however, these differences were not statistically significant. There was a significant correlation between working shifts and burnout (P = 0.002). Satisfaction with income was significantly associated with the working environment (P = 0.047).

 The levels of burnout were high in nurses in both operating rooms and surgical wards. Due to nurses' pivotal role in the health system, identifying burnout and eliminating its causes are highly crucial.

After going through the alpha wave before waking, a person usually enters the conscious phase physiologically by opening the eyes and communicating with the environment. We conducted the present study to investigate the brain rhythm wave pattern before waking up among the children admitted to the sleep clinic at Ghods Children's Hospital, Qazvin, Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, we investigated 42 children without physical or acute respiratory diseases for brain rhythm wave patterns, 15 seconds before waking up. Data were analyzed manually from the poly-somnography (PSG) recorded during sleep. Then, we divided the children into two groups based on the results of the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), i.e., mild to moderate and severe AHI. The frequency of brain waves before waking up on epochs 30s, 10s, and 1s were checked between the two groups statistically.

Alpha waves appeared before waking up as the principal brain waves. The frequency of alpha waves went through a decreasing rate until they reached 10 Hz, and then the child woke up. We observed three repetitions of 10 Hz frequencies before waking up for both groups of low-moderate and high AHI.

Awakening happens with a specific trigger of alpha waves in the occipital lobe in the N2 phase at a 10 Hz frequency.

Nightmare frequency is typically measured using interval and ordinal, but rarely Likert-type, scales. The current study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of a Likert-type measure of retrospective nightmare frequency.

Participants included a convenience sample of undergraduate students. They completed a recent-ly developed Likert-type nightmare frequency item, an established Nightmare Frequency Scale, an estimate of nightmare frequency over the past week, and measures of hypothetically related variables including neuroticism, psychological dis-tress, and trauma symptoms. Convergent and discriminant validity was evaluated through relationships between the Likert-type nightmare frequency item with other nightmare measures and hypothetically related variables. Reliability was esti-mated using a correction for attenuation approach designed to provide a conservative estimate of single-item reliability.

The sample included 233 (119 female, 51.1%; 114 male, 48.9%) university students (mean age: 19.05 ± 1.91). The average convergent validity coefficient between the Likert-type nightmare frequency item and other nightmare measures (r = 0.647) was significantly different (z = 5.45, P < 0.001) from its average correlation coefficient with hypo-thetically related measures (r = 0.256). The single-item reliability coefficient was 0.722.

The reliability and convergent and discriminant validity of the Likert-type nightmare frequency item were supported.