جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Synbiotic » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Chronic kidney disease is one of the public health issues in the world. Imbalances in the gut microbiome contribute to the progression of multiple diseases, including chronic kidney disease. The consumption of probiotics and synbiotics in treating various diseases has progressed significantly. 

The present study investigates the effects of synbiotic supplements on the intestinal microbiome, resulting in improving fatigue and sleep quality of end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.

The study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 52 patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis were included in the research and, through permuted block randomization, assigned to the synbiotic group (28 patients) and the placebo group (24 patients). The intervention group received 500 mg of synbiotic (Lactocore) twice a day for eight weeks, and the control group received a placebo for the same period. The patients were evaluated with the Chalder fatigue and Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaires at the beginning, the fourth week of the study, and at the end of the study. Demographic variables were analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher exact test, or independent sample t-test, as appropriate. The repeated measures test was used because the outcome variable has been measured three times in each group.

The samples, consisting of 26 males (50%) and 26 females (50%), were randomly allocated to the placebo (n=24, 46.16%), 12 males and 12 females, and the synbiotic supplement (n=28, 53.84%), 14 males and 14 females, groups. The result showed regular use of a synbiotic supplement for 8 weeks did not show a change in the amount of fatigue and sleep quality reported in patients receiving the synbiotic supplement considering the effect of time and group compared to the placebo group.

In general, the 8-week consumption of synbiotic supplements in the intervention group compared to the control group did not significantly affect the fatigue and sleep quality of patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer duration are suggested.

 Changes in the intestinal microbial flora may contribute to the occurrence and intensification of functional constipation (FC). Probiotics have shown promise as a potential alternative treatment for constipation.

 The main goal of this study is to assess the effects of an Iranian multispecies synbiotic supplement on FC.

 This randomized controlled trial (RCT) recruited 115 adult patients who met the Rome IV criteria for FC after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned to receive either psyllium (n = 57) or psyllium plus synbiotic (n = 58) daily for 4 weeks. The treatment response was evaluated based on changes in stool consistency (based on the Bristol scale), bloating severity, and constipation intensity (based on the Wexner Constipation Scoring System), and those with a partial to excellent response were considered treatment successes.

 The two groups did not differ in terms of sex, age, and BMI. The downward trend of stool consistency, bloating, as well as, constipation intensity was significant after 2 weeks of synbiotic-containing intervention. Treatment success after 4 weeks was 75.44% in the synbiotic group, compared to 30.91% in the psyllium-alone group (P < 0.001), indicating the superior efficiency of the synbiotic. Neither treatment exhibited adverse effects (P = 0.924), although psyllium was found to be less tolerable than the synbiotic (P = 0.026).

 Multispecies synbiotic intake for 4 weeks may be a promising treatment option for FC, given its striking favorable effects on constipation severity, safety, and tolerability.

Preeclampsia is one of the main causes of premature birth, growth restriction, and intrauterine death of fetus. Probiotics has the potential to modulate inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers that implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. The aim of the present study is to establish the impact of synbiotic supplements, comprising of probiotic and prebiotic fructooligosaccharide, in comparison to placebo, on the maternal and neonatal outcome outcomes in women afflicted with mild preeclampsia.

This is a study protocol of a randomized, controlled, phase 3, triple-blind, randomized clinical trial. The classification is based on the gestational age at the time of diagnosis of mild preeclampsia (early-onset or late-onset preeclampsia). Participants will be 128 pregnant women with mild pre-eclampsia (systolic blood pressure between 140-160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure between 90-110 mm Hg, along with other preeclampsia symptoms). Participants will divide into two intervention and control groups using a 1:1 random allocation ratio randomly. They will receive one oral capsule (the concentration of 109 CFU) or placebo daily from admission until delivery. Primary outcomes included mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean gestational age from diagnosis to delivery, and mean birth weight. Also, secondary outcomes included proteinuria, serum creatinine level, the incidence of severe PE, the use of antihypertensive drugs, the rate of natural delivery, incidence of serious complications, maternal blood factors such as platelet count, and serum levels of liver enzymes such as ALT, AST, bilirubin, and LDH.

The present trial can importantly contribute to the selection of an appropriate Synbiotic supplement as safe pharmaceutical adjuvants in the treatment of pregnant women with mild preeclampsia and prevention of maternal and neonatal complications.

Synbiotic contains antioxidant that has been suggested to improve oxidative stress induced by high-fat diet (HFD) consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of synbiotic supplementation consisting of kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) with the addition of Lactobacillus casei and L. plantarum on oxidative stress in HFD-fed rats.

Twenty-five Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 5) for eight weeks of treatment. The HFD control (HFD alone) group and three different groups supplemented with three various doses of kepel synbiotic (Syn 1.2 mL, Syn 1.8 mL, and Syn 2.4 mL) were fed HFD for the first four weeks and continued supplemented kepel synbiotic for the second four weeks. Meanwhile, the normal diet (ND) control group was given regular food alone throughout the study. The serum, liver, heart, and brain oxidative stress markers were assessed.

Kepel synbiotic supplementation consistently improved oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity inhibition rate in serum, liver, heart, and brain in the HFD group compared to the ND group. This improvement effect occurred in a dose-dependent manner, increasing in higher kepel synbiotic doses.

Kepel synbiotics showed a beneficial effect in improving oxidative stress in the serum, liver, heart, and brain of HFD-fed rats. Supplementation of kepel synbiotic can be considered a complementary therapeutic agent in improving oxidative stress, especially due to HFD consumption.

Previous studies found that the use of probiotics may have a protective effect on chemotherapy-associated toxicity in cancer patients. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effect of probiotics and synbiotics on chemoradiotherapy-associated toxicity in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to assess the effect of probiotics and synbiotics in CRC patients undergoing chemotherapy. All RCTs in English, up to January 2021, were included through a literature search in Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed (PMC Central, MEDLINE), ClinicalTrials.gov, and ProQuest databases. The impact of probiotics and synbiotics on the side effects associated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy in CRC patients was evaluated. The quality of the RTCs was independently assessed by two reviewers. EndNote X8 software was used to manage the search results.

Of the 904 identified articles, three studies finally met the inclusion criteria and were systematically reviewed. Two studies reported that patients who received probiotics had less abdominal discomfort and required less bowel toxicity-related hospital care. Although probiotic supplementation lowered radiation-associated diarrhea, it had no significant effect when anti-diarrheal drugs were used. Another study reported that synbiotic supplementation improved quality of life and marginally reduced diarrhea and serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9).

Probiotics and synbiotics do not have a significant effect on reducing chemotherapy-associated toxicity and diarrhea in CRC patients. These findings should be substantiated by further RCTs with rigorous placebo-controlled studies.

Alzheimer’s disease is a prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly population. The existing treatments in this issue are limited in efficacy besides having several adverse effects. Therefore, developing new therapeutic strategies is a major concern of scientists. This disease is closely linked to gut microflora through the brain–gut–microbiota axis. Targeting gut microbiota by pre-, pro-, and synbiotics supplementation can be effective for its treatment. Herein, we discuss the protecting effects of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics products against Alzheimer’s disease based on comprehensive assessment of animal studies and performed clinical trials. Primarily, we briefly introduced involved pathogenesis, probable drug targets, and its correlation with gut microbiota. Subsequently, we debated preclinical and clinical research studies on the effect of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics agents on brain functionality, metabolic features, and biomarkers that are proven to have therapeutic effects. Searching the online databases revealed therapeutic capabilities of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics in Alzheimer’s disease treatment by some mechanisms such as anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, prohibiting of apoptosis and DNA damage, insulin regulation, suppressing the aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau proteins, which can be considered as important outcomes of this application.

One of the most worldwide chronic diseases is diabetes which has affected a large population worldwide and it is predicted that 649 million adults will be diabetic by 2040. Many foods and ingredients were tested to combat diabetes. Both probiotics and prebiotics which are known as synbiotic have shown beneficial effects on many diseases including diabetes. Although several studies have evaluated the effect of synbiotic consumption on lipid profile in patients with diabetes, findings are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of synbiotics on lipid profile in diabetic patients. A systematic literature search of online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, SID, and Cochrane’s library was conducted up to January 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of synbiotics on lipid profile in diabetic patients were included. A total of 11 RCTs with 662 participants were included. Synbiotic consumption resulted in a decrease in plasma concentrations of TC, TG, LDL, and an increase in plasma HDL levels compared to the control group (placebo supplements/control foods/conventional products). Synbiotic supplements may be profitable to ameliorate lipid profile in patients with diabetes and it should be suggested by both dietitians and healthcare clinics to diabetic patients.

One of the common functional gastrointestinal disorders in children is functional abdominal pain (FAP). The aim of the present study was to determine whether the administration of a synbiotic composed of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and the seven types of beneficial bacteria is useful in FAP of childhood.

In this placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, 4-15-year-old children who met the Rome III criteria for FAP were randomly divided to receive either synbiotic or placebo twice daily for 4 weeks. Primary outcome was at least 50% reduction in the number of pain episodes, and secondary outcomes were a decline of at least two scales in the pain duration and intensity based on Wong-Baker scale. Response to therapy was decrease of pain frequency/intensity.

A total of 67 children completed the trial (35 with synbiotic). Response rate was higher with synbiotic than placebo after four weeks (53.1 vs 11.4%; p<0.001), and synbiotic had significant superiority to placebo to relieve the duration (4.56±9.12 vs12±18.59, min/day, P=0.04), frequency (0.31±0.53vs 1.17±0.7, episode/Wk., P<.001) and intensity (2.38±2.29 vs 5.49±1.83, p<0.001) of abdominal pain.

Synbiotic compared to placebo significantly decreased the intensity, frequency and duration of FAP in children.

This research investigated the symbiotic supplement influences on serum glycemic indices and lipidsas well as apelin rates and obesity values in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. A total of 68 obese or overweight patients (20-44 years old) with PCOS were enrolled toconduct a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 34 people in the synbiotic group receiveda synbiotic supplement and 34 people in the placebo group received placebo, daily for 8 weeks. Fasting bloodspecimens, anthropometric measurements and dietary intake data were gathered three times during the study. Theinformation was analyzed by independent t test, paired t test, analysis of covariance and chi-square test. Synbiotic supplementation significantly decreased serum fasting glucose (P=0.02), insulin (P=0.001), homeostaticmodel assessment for insulin resistance (IR, P=0.001), weight (P=0.02), body mass index (BMI, P=0.02),waist circumference (WC, P=0.01), hip circumference (HC, P=0.02), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR, P=0.02) butsignificantly increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P=0.02) compared to the placebo. At the end of thetrial, no significant differences were seen in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)cholesterol, or apelin levels as well as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) between the two groups. Synbiotic supplementation improved glycemic indices, lipid profile and obesity values in womenwith PCOS. These beneficial effects were not related with alterations in serum apelin levels (Registration number:IRCT20100408003664N19).

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of synbiotics on the intestinal colonization rate of Candida albicans in low birth weight neonates (i.e., under 2,500 g), which is one of the most important events for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). During one year, 106 preterm neonates with a birth weight of less than 2,500 g, admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Imam Reza Hospital, affiliated to Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, were randomly selected and investigated in two groups of case and control. In the case group, 5 drops of synbiotics (under the trade name of Pedilact in which 5 drops are equivalent to 2.5×108 CFU), containing three probiotics of Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus reuteri, as well as the prebiotic of fructooligosaccharide, were administered. On the other hand, 5 drops of distilled water were used for the control group. In the present single-blind study, the subjects were divided into two groups using a random number table. The stool cultures were obtained on the 1st and 10th days of admission. Then, the two groups were compared in terms of the amount of positive stool culture for Candida albicans, time of feeding initiation and full nutrition, duration of hospitalization, and time of discharge. The incidence rate of positive stool culture for Candida albicans was 6.6%. A significant relationship was observed between gestational age and positive culture (P=0.009). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the duration of hospitalization, time of feeding initiation and full feeding, good physical examination results, and wellbeing. In addition, the relationship between positive culture and birth weight was statistically significant (P=0.045) since the rates of positive culture were 57.1% and 42.9% in cases with the birth weight of ≤ 1,500 and > 1,500 g, respectively. Based on the results, synbiotic use showed no significant relationship with enteral positive cultures for Candida albicans, time of enteral feeding initiation and full feeding, and hospitalization duration.

This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to obtain a conclusive result on the influence of probiotics/synbiotic on serum levels of zonulin. Data related to serum levels of zonulin were extracted to determine the effects of probiotic/synbiotic on intestinal permeability.

The literature search was conducted across the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science, Search up to Nov 2018. Clinical trials evaluating the effect of probiotic/synbiotic on serum zonulin levels of all human subjects were included.

Nine studies (including 496 intervention and 443 control subjects) met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. According to the meta-analysis, probiotic/synbiotic has a significant effect on serum zonulin reduction (WMD=-10.55 [95% CI: -17.76, -3.34]; P=0.004). However, the high level of heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I2=97.8, P<0.001). The subgroup analysis suggested study quality, blinding, study duration, Participants age, subject's health status and supplement type as sources of heterogeneity.

Probiotic/synbiotic have favorable effects on serum levels of zonulin as a measure of intestinal permeability. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the high heterogeneity and further evidence is required before definitive recommendations can be made.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is seriously associated with neuromuscular and cognitive alterations. This study aimed to examine the hepato-protective effect of different soymilk products on bile duct ligated induced HE.

Eighty-two Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into seven groups (Sham, bile duct ligation (BDL), BDL + lactulose, BDL + soymilk (SM), BDL + Synbiotic soymilk (SSM), BDL + SSM + whey protein concentrate (WPC), BDL + SSM + WPC + ZnSO4). Different SM products, lactulose, and normal saline were given via oral gavage. The serum and liver markers and liver histopathology were assessed at the end of the experiment.

The SM products significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase, albumin, and ammonia (P < 0.05). The levels of Aspartate aminotransferase, endotoxin, and liver interleukin-6 were improved significantly in all treatments except for those receiving SM. SSM and SSM + WPC + ZnSO4 were the only effective products in reduction of serum Alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05). Furthermore, liver total antioxidant capacity level was greater (P < 0.05) in the SSM + WPC and SSM + WPC + ZnSO4 groups. The histopathological examinations confirmed the efficiency of all SM products in the reduction of the liver fibrosis. Liver bile duct proliferation was reduced only in the SSM + WPC and SSM + WPC+ ZnSO4 groups (P < 0.05).

This study showed positive effects of different SM products, especially SSM + WPC and SSM + WPC + ZnSO4 in HE. Further studies are required to elucidate our findings

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is of great concern in children due to the wide range of antibiotic administration among this population. Studies considering the use of synbiotics for prevention or treatment of AAD are limited. In the current study, the effectiveness of synbiotics in preventing AAD was investigated.

This randomized, double-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 100 patients undergoing antibiotic therapy for over five days. The patients were randomly divided into a case group receiving synbiotic therapy (Protexin; The United Kingdom) and a control group undergoing placebo therapy (consisting of starch sachets). Both groups began their medication within 24 hours after antibiotic initiation and continued it for further seven days after antibiotic therapy cessation. The two groups were compared regarding the incidence of diarrhea, stool consistency based on the Bristol Stool Scale (BSS), and the duration of diarrhea.

The members of case and control groups were not statistically different regarding age, gender distribution, length of hospitalization, the frequency of defecation, and stool consistency based on BSS before antibiotic therapy, primary and final diagnosis, the type of antibiotics prescribed, and duration of antibiotic therapy (P > 0.05). The incidence of AAD was significantly less in the case group compared with the control group (P = 0.016), while those with AAD did not show significant difference regarding the duration of diarrhea, stool consistency based on BSS, and the frequency of defecation a day (P = 0.51, 0.26, and 0.18, respectively).

The findings of this study showed that early initiation of synbiotics and its long-term administration following antibiotic therapy cessation could considerably prevent AAD; however, in case of AAD occurrence synbiotic therapy cannot positively affect duration, stool consistency, and the frequency of defecation.

Probiotics and prebiotics are known to regulate immune responses. A synbiotic is a product that combines probiotics and prebiotics in a single dosage form. In this study, we attempt to present the effects of a multispecies synbiotic on intestinal mucosa immune responses after exposure to Escherichia coli O55:B5 lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Totally 21 male Balb/c mice were randomly classified into two groups. The K-I group received LPS and a synbiotic, and the K-II group received LPS alone. The synbiotic was administered for 21 consecutive days, whereas LPS was administered once on the 15th day. Specifically, a synbiotic containing 1 × 109 colony forming units (CFUs) of the probiotic combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus PXN 35, L. casei subsp. casei PXN 37, L. rhamnosus PXN 54, L. bulgaricus PXN 39, Bifidobacterium breve PXN 25, B. infantis PXN 27 and Streptococcus thermophilus PXN 66 and the prebiotic fructo-oligosaccharide was administered through an orogastric tube. Immunohistochemistry was performed to measure immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels for humoral immune responses and CD4+ and CD8+ levels for cellular immune responses.

An independent-samples t-test revealed significant increases of the numbers of IgA- (p = 0.027) and CD4-expressing cells (p = 0.009) but not the number of CD8-expressing cells in the K-I group compared with those in the K-II group.

The multispecies synbiotic had immunoregulatory effects on IgA and CD4 expression in LPS-exposed mice.

Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is the most common allergic disease worldwide. The present study, evaluated effects of synbiotic
on gene expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-17 (IL-17), transforming
growth factor beta (TGF-β), and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) in AR patients who received concomitant immunotherapy in a placebocontrolled
clinical trial. Twenty AR patients were randomized in synbiotic and placebo groups and received
cluster immunotherapy for 2 months. RNA was extracted from peripheral PBMCs, then the cDNA synthesized. Subsequently, SYBR
Green real-time Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique was employed for studying the expression of mentioned
genes. In addition, SNOT-22 and mini-Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire questionnaires were completed by patients.
Data were analyzed before and also 2 and 6 months after intervention. Clinical symptoms and quality of life were improved
with immunotherapy, but there was no significant difference between the placebo and synbiotic groups. Gene expression of IFN-γ,
TGF-β, and FoxP3 was increased whereas the gene expression of IL-4 and IL-10 decreased, but not significant. Interestingly, the
gene expression of IL-17 in the synbiotic group was significantly decreased versus placebo after 2 months (P = 0.001) and also at
the end of intervention (P = 0.0001) comparing with the time zero. Significant reduction in the IL-17 gene expression
following administration of synbiotic versus placebo shows the importance of synbiotic in control of the immunopathogenesis of AR.
Further studies with more samples are recommended. In addition, evaluating the effects of synbiotic in patients who do not undergo
immunotherapy is suggested to get a better conclusion.

The effect of different levels of inulin (0, 1.5 and 3 %) and probiotic bacteria including Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei on chemical properties (pH and titratable acidity) and viable count of probiotic strain of sweet cream during 30 days for 15-day interval at 4°C were studied. All experiments were carried out in three replications. The results showed that during the refrigeration storage of samples, pH decreased and acidity increased significantly. The addition of inulin caused significant changes in pH, acidity and the viability of probiotic strains. By increasing the level of inulin to 3%, the pH of the cream samples decreased, and the acidity and counts of the probiotics increased significantly and this was more significant in Lactobacillus acidophilus, although the treatment containing Lactobacillus acidophilus had the highest acidity. The probiotic survival evaluation also indicated that inulin treatment at 3% level was the best treatment for increasing the viability of the probiotics in cream. The results showed that the addition of prebiotics, such as inulin, could play an important role in increasing the viability of probiotics. In general, changes in the chemical properties of sweet cream during the refrigeration were standard, which could be considered as a synbiotic product and sweet cream as a dairy product can also be considered as a good carrier for probiotic bacteria.

Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) as a chronic disease, is on rise in parallel with other non-communicable diseases. Several studies have shown that probiotics and prebiotics might exert beneficial effects in chronic diseases including diabetes. Because of controversial results from different trials, the present study aims to assess the effects of prebiotic/synbiotic consumption on metabolic parameters in patients with type2 diabetes. A systematic literature search was performed on randomized controlled trial published in PubMed/Medline, SciVerse Scopus, Google scholar, SID and Magiran up to March 2018. Of a total number of 255 studies found in initial literature search, ten randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled mean net change were calculated in fasting blood-glucose [FBG], Hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] and lipid markers (total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]). The meta-analyses was conducted using Revman Software (v5.3). The pooled estimate indicated a significant difference for the mean change in FBG, HbA1c and HDL in treatment group in comparison with control group. Subgroup analysis by intervention showed a significant difference in TG, LDL and HDL (synbiotic group) and in TG, TC, FBG, HDL and HbA1c (prebiotic group) compared with placebo. In another subgroup analysis, high quality studies showed significant reductions in TG, TC, FBG and HbA1c in intervention group compared with placebo group. In summary, diets supplemented with either prebiotics or synbiotics can result in improvements in lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic patients.