جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « T ratio » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Given the increasing number of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and the related healthcare expenses and medical outcomes, as well as the frequent occurrence of kidney problems in this patient population, the current research aims to explore the effect of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine (BUN/Cr) ratio on the in-hospital mortality (IHM) of STEMI patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy. 

This study is a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in 2021 at Shahid Madani Hospital, affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Science, which investigated the relationship between the BUN/Cr ratio and IHM in patients with STEMI who received thrombolytic treatment between 2017 and 2019. Patients with other causes of ST elevation, those undergoing dialysis, or those with incomplete medical records were excluded. Data were collected from patient medical records. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, with secondary outcomes including the occurrence of heart failure and the need for blood transfusion—chi-square tests for categorical and t-tests for continuous variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 

A total of 398 patients were diagnosed with STEMI and treated with thrombolytic 330 (82.9%) patients were men. High BUN and Cr had a significant correlation with high mortality rates (P <0.01). However, BUN/Cr didn’t have a substantial relationship with IHM and one-year mortality (P-value = 0.46). The most common in-hospital complication was heart failure (HF), and a higher need for blood transfusion was significantly related to high rates of BUN/Cr (P <0.01). 

While high BUN and Cr levels were significantly associated with increased mortality rates, the BUN/Cr ratio was not significantly related to IHM. These results suggest that although elevated BUN and creatinine indicate poor prognosis, the BUN/Cr ratio may not be a standalone predictor of in-hospital mortality. Further research is needed to validate these findings and identify other factors affecting patient outcomes.

Fragmented QRS (fQRS) might be associated with certain characteristics in ST?elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and inhospital adverse events.

A sum of 500 patients were gone over retrospectively. Patients with STEMI, all undergone percutaneous coronary intervention, were grouped as fQRS (?) and fQRS (+). Characteristics of the patients, major adverse cardiac event (MACE), death in hospital, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis, slow flow myocardial perfusion, development of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and fibrillation, cardiogenic shock and cardiopulmonary arrest were filtered.

FQRS (?) group was composed of 207 patients whose mean age was 61.1 ± 12.1, whereas 293 patients were there in fQRS (+) with a mean age of 66.7 ± 10.6 (P < 0.001). Thrombolysis in MI (TIMI) (P < 0.01), the global registry of acutecoronary events (GRACE) (P < 0.01) scores, white blood cell count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, MACE and the ratio of death in hospital and VT in the hospital were significantly higher in fQRS (+) group (P < 0.001, for remaining all). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, TIMI scores above 2 and GRACE scores above 109 were determined as independent predictors of MACE in the entire patient group (odds ratio [OR]: 2.022; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.321–3.424, P = 0.003; OR: 1.712; 95% CI: 1.156–2.804, P = 0.008).

FQRS (+) and fQRS (?) patients markedly differ from each other in terms of certain demographic and clinical features and TIMI and GRACE scores have a significant predictive value for MACE in all STEMI patients’ group.

The aim of this study is determining the diagnostic value of the T-wave to R–wave amplitude ratio (T/R ratio) in the electrocardiogram (ECG) at the time of admission in terms of the diagnosis of hyperkalemia in patients who are at risk for hyperkalemia who apply to the emergency department (ED). 

This cross-sectional study was conducted with patients over 18 years of age who presented to the ED and have an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 60ml/min/1.73m2. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the potassium value; hyperkalemia and normokalaemia groups. T/R ratios were measured on the ECG. All measurements were made in these precordial leads; V2, V3, and VT highest (is defined as precordial lead where the T wave is measured the highest). 

A total of 345 patients with low eGFR were included. Hyperkalemia was detected in 115 (33.3%) of these patients, while 230 patients (66.6%) were in the normokalaemia group. T wave amplitude and T/R ratio were found to be statistically significantly increased in the hyperkalemia group in all leads (V2, V3, and VT highest). Area under the curve (AUC) values are 0.778 for T/R ratio and 0.717 for T wave amplitude. 

The presence of increased T/R ratio in the ECG of patients with known low eGFR may be more helpful for the diagnosis of hyperkalemia than the classical hyperkalemia ECG findings.

The Bolton analysis is commonly used by orthodontists. The Bolton ratios of different populations are significantly different from the standard values of Bolton. This study sought to examine the Bolton's anterior and overall ratios in various malocclusion types in Mashhad, Iran, in contrast to the Bolton’s standards.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 240 study models of patients (121 males and 119 females) in four groups (n= 60 cases) of normal occlusion, Class I, Class II, and Class III. The mesiodistal dimensions of the teeth were measured twice using a digital caliper. The anterior and overall ratios of Bolton were calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted utilizing SPSS 18.0.

The mesiodistal width of the maxillary lateral incisors in normal occlusion cases was greater than that in Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions (P<0.05). Conversely, the mesiodistal width of the maxillary first and second premolars was the greatest in Class II and the smallest in Class III malocclusion (P<0.05). Correlation was not observed between dental ratios (anterior and overall) and gender or malocclusion groups (P>0.05). Furthermore, the anterior ratio was significantly higher than the Bolton's standard in Class I and III malocclusion groups (P<0.05). The normal occlusion group's overall ratio was significantly lower than the Bolton's original ratio (P<0.05).

Implementing the Bolton analysis in the population of Mashhad, Iran should be approached with caution.

Immature/total neutrophils (I/T) ratio is a simple and inexpensive method used as an early sign of bacterial infection. Meanwhile, the S100B protein is found in glial cells and functions as a neuroprotection. Then, the interleukin-10 cytokine acts as an anti-inflammatory cytokine during infection. In addition, the NEWS2 score is used to see the early and fast changes in patients with sepsis. The purpose of the study was to prove the correlation between the I/T ratio, S100B, IL-10, and NEWS2 score in patients with sepsis. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 34 patients with sepsis from September 2020 to February 2021. I/T ratio was calculated in 100 leukocytes from microscopic blood smear preparation. Levels of S100B and IL-10 serum were measured using the ELISA method. Pearson correlation test was used for normally distributed data, and the Spearman correlation test was utilized for abnormally distributed data. Correlation test between I/T ratio, S100B, and IL-10 with NEWS2 score respectively showed values of r=0.58; P=0.01, r=0.36; P=0.03, and r=0.39; P=0.02, in which P<0.05. There was a moderate positive correlation between I/T ratio and NEWS2 score, a weak positive correlation between S100B and NEWS2 score, and a weak positive correlation between IL-10 and NEWS2 score.

 Equity in access to health resources is a fundamental goal of health systems worldwide.

 This study aims to assess the distribution of essential health resources necessary for healthcare provision in Bushehr Province.

 This cross-sectional study spans ten years and utilizes several widely recognized indices in health resource distribution equity and equality, including the Gini Coefficient, Concentration Index, Horizontal Inequity, Robin Hood Index, Theil Index, Atkinson Index, and Quantile Ratio. These indices were calculated based on both the population level and the proposed resource allocation model (PRAM) using Excel Software 2018 and Stata version 18.

 The findings indicate a degree of inequality in the distribution of all health resources examined, with special beds exhibiting much higher levels of inequality than others. The sensitivity of the studied indices varied across the distributed resources. Moreover, the trend of inequality generally decreased for all examined resources. The PRAM results suggest that adopting a different approach to resource distribution can significantly reduce inequality levels.

 Despite a downward trend in the inequality of health resource distribution, significant disparities persist. Altering the resource distribution system from the conventional geographical division could aid in achieving equity and equality in healthcare. Such changes could also reduce the costs associated with the health system.

This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasound elastography (EUS-EG) in evaluating liver fibrosis.

The present study involved 11 patients with chronic liver disease who met study criteria and underwent EUS-EG, transabdominal ultrasound transient elastography (TUS-TE), and liver biopsy (LB) examinations at the same time. The Batts-Ludwig scoring system for liver fibrosis was used as the gold standard to analyze the correlation between the EUS-EG strain ratio (SR) and TUS-TE liver stiffness measurement with the pathological stage of liver fibrosis. The optimal cut-off value and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of EUS-EG and TUS-TE for diagnosing liver fibrosis were calculated by drawing an ROC curve, and the corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were also calculated.

Endoscopic ultrasound elastography was highly positively correlated with the pathological stage of liver fibrosis (S ≥ 2, r = 0.759, P = 0.01), and TUS-TE was positively correlated with the pathological stage of liver fibrosis (S ≥ 2, r = 0.857, P = 0.003). The optimal diagnostic cut-off value of cirrhosis undergoing EUS-EG and TUS-TE was 0.84 and 14.2 Kpa, respectively. When the pathological stage was S0 - S1, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUROC value of TUS-TE in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis were higher than those of EUS-EG (96.2%, 83.3%, 81.8%, and 0.96 vs. 94.6%, 75%, 72.7%, and 0.8958). When the pathological stage was ≥ S2, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUROC values of EUS-EG were higher than those of TUS-TE (100%, 87.5%, 88.9%, and 0.97 vs. 100%, 83.3%, 88.9%, and 0.94).

There is a superior correlation between EUS-EG combined with SR and the pathological stage of liver fibrosis, compared to TUS-TE, and it has the same or even higher diagnostic efficacy as TUS-TE. Larger prospective studies are needed to evaluate the clinical utility of this approach in the assessment of liver fibrosis.

 This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasound elastography (EUS-EG) in evaluating liver fibrosis.

 The present study involved 11 patients with chronic liver disease who met study criteria and underwent EUS-EG, transabdominal ultrasound transient elastography (TUS-TE), and liver biopsy (LB) examinations at the same time. The Batts-Ludwig scoring system for liver fibrosis was used as the gold standard to analyze the correlation between the EUS-EG strain ratio (SR) and TUS-TE liver stiffness measurement with the pathological stage of liver fibrosis. The optimal cut-off value and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of EUS-EG and TUS-TE for diagnosing liver fibrosis were calculated by drawing an ROC curve, and the corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were also calculated.

 Endoscopic ultrasound elastography was highly positively correlated with the pathological stage of liver fibrosis (S ≥ 2, r = 0.759, P = 0.01), and TUS-TE was positively correlated with the pathological stage of liver fibrosis (S ≥ 2, r = 0.857, P = 0.003). The optimal diagnostic cut-off value of cirrhosis undergoing EUS-EG and TUS-TE was 0.84 and 14.2 Kpa, respectively. When the pathological stage was S0 - S1, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUROC value of TUS-TE in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis were higher than those of EUS-EG (96.2%, 83.3%, 81.8%, and 0.96 vs. 94.6%, 75%, 72.7%, and 0.8958). When the pathological stage was ≥ S2, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUROC values of EUS-EG were higher than those of TUS-TE (100%, 87.5%, 88.9%, and 0.97 vs. 100%, 83.3%, 88.9%, and 0.94).

 There is a superior correlation between EUS-EG combined with SR and the pathological stage of liver fibrosis, compared to TUS-TE, and it has the same or even higher diagnostic efficacy as TUS-TE. Larger prospective studies are needed to evaluate the clinical utility of this approach in the assessment of liver fibrosis.

The increased Tpe/QT ratio is a novel, promising predictor of cardiac arrhythmias. However, no consensus exists regarding the Tpe/QT measurement. This study aimed to evaluate Tpe/QT variability among standard ECG leads.

Tpe/QT magnitudes were analyzed in 8 standard ECG leads (I, II, V1–V6) in 33 patients with a definite diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Tpe/QT values were calculated in several ways: averaging against 1 or more leads over all the patients and searching the maximum value among all measured leads in each patient (the true maximum), followed by averaging over all the patients.

Maximum and minimum Tpe/QT values were distributed among all the tested ECG leads. In each lead, minimum and maximum Tpe/QT values could be observed in different patients. The dispersion of Tpe/QT magnitudes calculated in various ways reached the value of 0.055.

The Tpe/QT magnitude depends on the method of determining the T-wave ending and the number of ECG leads used for its calculation. To detect the increased Tpe/QT ratio, the analysis of all available ECG leads against 1 or a few leads is preferable.

Assessing the measurable chest computed tomography (CT) scan cardiac parameters can help us evaluate cardiovascular involvement and risk stratification in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

This study investigated the measurable chest cardiac CT indices and their association with predicting outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

Patients with confirmed COVID-19 were included in the study from March up to June 2020 and underwent chest CT scans on admission. The following parameters were analyzed: The extent and pattern of lung involvement, cardiothoracic ratio (CTR), pulmonary artery to aorta ratio (PA/A), pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter through low-dose CT scan. The association between cardiac indices and patients and the extent of lung involvement outcome was evaluated by logistic regression, Cox regression, and linear regression, respectively.

A total of 176 COVID-19 patients (51.1% men and 48.9% women) were enrolled in the study. Of them, 55 patients (31.25%) died, and 121 patients were discharged (68.75%). Themeanage of participants was 64.9 ± 15.09 years. CTR > 0.49 wasmorefrequentamong deceased patients (50.9% vs. 31.4%, P = 0.018) and was associated with non-significant increases in odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) (OR = 1.75, P = 0.11; HR= 1.43, P = 0.19). Moreover, PA/A> 1 was morecommonin deaths (52.7% vs. 32.2%; P = 0.012) and significantly increased OR but not HR (OR = 1.99; P = 0.04; HR = 1.36; P = 0.26). The moderate and severe pleural effusion was noticeably associated with prolonged hospitalization (HR = 4.09, P = 0.01; HR = 3.37, P = 0.02, respectively). The IVC diameter and pericardial effusion were not significantly correlated with outcomes.

Cardiac indices in chest CT of COVID-19 patients can be accounted for the prediction of patient outcomes in the clinic, such as PA/A > 1 ratio, which increases the likelihood of in-hospital deaths.

Substance abuse by adolescents and young adults is a major public health issue. This study aimed to (i) show the transition of sociodemographic and substance abuse characteristics from 1992 to 2017 among US adolescents and young adults, (ii) evaluate the likelihood of co-occurrence of substances, and (iii) identify significant sociodemographic characteristics in association with polysubstance abuse.  This study extracted data for adolescents and young adults from 1992 and 2017 Treatment Episode Data Set-Admission (TEDS-A) datasets. The extracted sample included 337858 admissions in 1992 and 333322 in 2017. Both years experienced significant admissions. A significant transition in 2017 compared to 1992 was evident in education, living status, and ethnicity. Substance-specific transition showed alcohol was dominant in 1992, while marijuana/hashish was dominant in 2017. Also, heroin, other opiates/synthetics, and methamphetamine experienced an increase, while cocaine/crack decreased. The pairwise co-occurrences exhibited a considerable variation in the likelihood of using one substance given another one. The odds ratios (ORs) obtained from generalized ordered logit models showed significantly higher odds of one or more substances with age, while education showed the opposite scenario. A mixed effect of gender was evident in 1992, whereas females were significantly less likely with one or more substances than males in 2017. Other significant vulnerable groups were those not in the labor force, homeless, white, and Mexican Americans.  The findings may help to understand the overall changes between 1992 and 2017 and take necessary measures to reduce the burden of this public health problem.

Institutional owners influence the direction of policy and the performance of owned companies. This research was motivated by the presence of pharmaceutical companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange and the uncertainty surrounding the extent and influence of institutional owners on the policy direction and performance of the companies.

This was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. The descriptive phase of the study involved measuring sales figures, market value, and market share of pharmaceutical companies listed on the stock exchange. In the analytical phase, the network of shareholders' relationships was analyzed with Gephi version 0.1 and Microsoft Excel version 2016, followed by the calculation of the capital concentration index and market share.

Estimates indicated that approximately 45% of the pharmaceutical companies in Iran were publicly traded in stock exchange. In 2020, the total value of these companies in the Iranian capital market reached 9.79 billion USD. Out of this amount, 45% (equivalent to 4.4 billion USD) was offered in Tehran Stock Exchange. The concentration of final shareholders, with a Herfindahl–Hirschman index(HHI) index of 0.036, signified a monopolistic competition market. On the other hand, the pharmaceutical capital market could be classified as an oligopoly market (with a CR4 value of 58.3) when analyzing only the direct shareholders at level 2. Additionally, the six main holding companies at this level collectively possess 67% of the pharmaceutical capital market.

Based on the results, the importance of institutional owners, such as the Social Security Organization (SSO), in the decision-making process regarding the Iranian pharmaceutical market can be acknowledged. The decisions about integration and supply chains which aimed at improving the productivity of the pharmaceutical market, need to be thoroughly examined by the institutions mentioned in this research.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoking habit on the clozapine (CLZ)-to-norclozapine (norCLZ) ratio in male patients.

The sample consisted of plasma concentration of CLZ and norCLZ data set. The mean values of CLZ, norCLZ, and CLZ-to-norCLZ, between male patients who smoke versus nonsmokers were compared.

CLZ mean plasma level of 142 ± 80 ng/ml and 305 ± 159 ng/ml, norCLZ mean plasma level of 93 ± 72 ng/ml and 234 ± 62 ng/ml, and mean CLZ‑to‑norCLZ plasma level ratio of 2.1 ± 1.1 and 1.5 ± 0.5, were obtained respectively for male patients who smoke and nonsmokers.

This study has shown a significant decrease in CLZ and norCLZ plasma levels, and an increase in the CLZ-to-norCLZ ratio, in smokers as compared to nonsmokers, due to an increase in the clearance of CLZ and norCLZ by smoking induction of CYP 1A2 and glucuronidation by uridyl glucuronyl transferase enzymes (UGT), mainly UGT 1A4, respectively, as the most probable cause.

Targeting HIV testing services, as the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended in 2015, fast-tracks the identification of individuals with HIV and addresses the persisting HIV testing gap which might delay epidemic control. Following this recommendation, different models of targeted testing have been implemented, exposing varied interpretations by different countries. This study identifies, aggregates, and synthesizes targeted HIV testing models to develop a concise targeted testing package which can increase the identification of people with HIV.

A systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases identified cross-sectional studies of people (18 years and above) from Southern Africa published between 2016 and 2021. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were applied, and the quality of studies was evaluated using the Joanna Brigs Institute tool (JBI). Data were extracted using a guided matrix to identify the target population, testing models, description, and positivity ratio. Conclusions and methodological suggestions were narratively synthesized.

The authors identified 574 studies; 42 full-text articles were screened which yielded 29 studies of moderate quality (71%) meeting the eligibility criteria. Of these, 25 studies (86.2%) were quantitative. From the included studies, similar models were synthesized, and 12 targeted testing models emerged. Prioritized models were Index testing, described in 3 (10.3%) of the studies, scoring the highest positivity ratio of >30%. Six studies (20.7%) described male-targeted models with yields influenced by age, economic status, and educational level, with a positivity ratio of 10% among first-time testers. In contrast, four (13.8%) described Key and Vulnerable Populations (KVP) focused models (positivity ratio of 37.5%) and recency-informed targeted testing (13.1% positivity ratio).

This review provides a critical overview and insights into the targeted testing models implemented in Southern Africa. Synthesizing comparable models can meet the various needs of unique populations comprehensively and increase positivity ratio. The recommended models can improve the efficiency of programs in targeting HIV testing services.

Serum biomarkers are important for accurately predicting clinical outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Although previous studies showed that lymphopenia in patients is related to disease severity, it is unclear how other serum biomarkers improve the prognostic accuracy of lymphopenia. Changes in urea, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were noted to have considerable predictive value in determining the severity of disease in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine whether increases in urea, and LDH are linked to worse outcomes in COVID-19 patients and whether the urea/lymphocyte and LDH/lymphocyte ratios improve the prognostic accuracy of lymphopenia. 

The data of confirmed COVID-19 patients in our emergency department (ED) between March 2020, and January 2021, were analyzed retrospectively. The area under the curve (AUC) and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the discriminative power of the urea/lymphocyte and LDH/lymphocyte ratios in estimating 30-day mortality. 

The study included 795 confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the ED. Twenty-three patients (2.9%) died, and 772 (97.1%) survived in 30 days. The median age of the patients was 51. The number of males (n: 447, 56.2%) was higher than females (n: 348, 43.8%). The ratios of urea/lymphocyte and LDH/lymphocyte were significantly higher in non-survivors (median: 71.21 and 754.1, respectively) compared to survivors (median: 19.51 and 297.42, respectively) (P<0.001). The AUC for 30-day mortality for the urea/lymphocyte and LDH/lymphocyte ratios was 0.864 and 0.840, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression adjustment found the urea/lymphocyte ratio to be an independent and significant predictor of mortality (P=0.007). The optimum cut-off point for the urea/lymphocyte ratio was 28.07, which had a 91.3% sensitivity and a 68.6% specificity. 

The urea/lymphocyte and LDH/lymphocyte ratios are useful markers that can be evaluated independently to identify high-risk patients and predict the prognosis of COVID-19.

Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most common cancer worldwide, remains the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The etiology of GC may arise from genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to determine the association between GC incidence and socioeconomic status in Iran.

An ecological study was designed to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the risk of GC incidence. The data of socioeconomic variables such as income changes, unemployment rate, urbanization ratio, inflation rate, and air pollution changes in 31 provinces were collected from the Statistical Center of Iran, and the data of GC of 31 provinces were provided from the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry (INPCR). Data from 2014 to 2017 was analyzed using panel data analysis, the fixed effects model by EViews software.

Panel data model was suitable for the present study. Results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between GC incidence and socioeconomic factors including income changes (P≤ 0.001), unemployment rate (P≤0.01), inflation rate (P≤ 0.05), and air pollution changes (P≤ 0.001). The urbanization ratio showed a negative relationship and was not statistically associated with GC incidence (P> 0.05).

Our findings suggest a positive and significant association between socioeconomic status and GC incidence, proposing a GC risk factor. The key public health policies and welfare policies' priority should therefore be to schedule for the GC management.

Liver function tests such as AST/ALT ratio may play an important role in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its related cardiovascular dysfunctions. The study aims to assess whether AST/ALT was associated with arterial stiffness in a large population-based cohort of apparently healthy Persian women and men.

 To evaluate arterial stiffness non-invasively, Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) and Augmentation Index (AI) were measured in 5031 healthy adults. Laboratory parameters, including AST and ALT, were measured after all subject's blood samples were collected. The one-way-ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis, and chi-square tests were used to compare the AST/ALT ratio among groups with baseline characteristics of participants following the calculation of AST: ALT through the division of AST levels by ALT levels. The univariate linear regression model was used to assess the association between mean pulse wave velocity (PWV) and AST/ALT ratio quartiles. 

 The results showed no statically significant difference in Age, HR, and MET among the different AST/ALT groups. Univariate analysis displayed that age, SBP, DBP, FBS, TG, MET, Fatty liver status, and hypertension status were positively correlated with Mean PWV. Evaluation of univariate linear regression models presented that AST/ALT has a significant correlation with Mean PWV (β = -0.139, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.032 to -0.021, P-value < 0.001). We found that there was no linear relationship.

 According to the present study results, there was a significant negative correlation between AST/ALT with PWV. Moreover, a non-linear relationship between AST/ALT and PWV was observed as well.