جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Tissue » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Diabetics usually suffer from chronic complications, including microvascular and macrovascular disorders. The capillaries supplying the sexual organs affect normal sexual functions. The erectile process has been shown to be impaired in diabetics. Vascular damage in diabetics may be associated with decreased testosterone production, sperm count, testicular weight, and seminiferous tubule diameter. In this study, we investigated the effects of Aloe vera gel extract (from Sistan and Baluchistan, Iran) on the male genital system in streptozocininduced diabetic rats.

A total of 24 male Wistar rats were included in the study. Diabetes was induced in 12 rats by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were divided into four groups. The first and third groups received saline (NaCl) by gavage daily. The second and fourth groups received Aloe vera gel extract daily by gavage. Treatments were continued for 30 days. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples were taken and serum glucose and testosterone levels were measured by photometric methods. Histological examinations were performed on the prostate and testes.

Mean weight index, serum levels of glucose and testosterone, mean sperm count, germinal epithelium (GE) thickness, and seminiferous tubule diameter improved significantly in the diabetes + Aloe vera group.

We concluded that consumption of Aloe vera gel extract improved sexual complications in diabetic rats.

Objectives:

 Bone regeneration is one of the most challenging issues in medicine, for which researchers have been seeking new practical strategies. Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are proper candidates for bone scaffolds due to their high biocompatibility, self-setting features, and similar mineral content to the bone.

Methods:

 The present study aimed to fabricate composite CPC/ dexamethasone-loaded PLGA microsphere scaffolds, which significantly affected tissue remodeling, and to determine their potential for bone regeneration purposes. The SEM images were used to study the microstructure of the fabricated scaffolds and to investigate the distribution of PLGA in CPC. Moreover, FTIR analysis was performed to determine the chemical components of the fabricated scaffold and to approve the presence of dexamethasone and PLGA in the composite scaffolds. Next, ultraviolet spectroscopy was used to determine the amount of dexamethasone released over time.

Results:

 The FTIR results confirmed the presence of dexamethasone in the scaffold. Moreover, the cement/dexamethasone-loaded PLGA scaffold had a lower drug release compared to pure PLGA. Besides, a higher level of PLGA loading led to an increase in the drug release rate.

Conclusion:

 According to the results, different weight percentages of dexamethasone-loaded PLGA microspheres incorporated into CPC showed differences in the release time.

Oral and craniomaxillofacial diseases contain conditions affecting both the soft and hard tissues of face and also dentalarches. Exploiting the bioactive nanomaterials (NMs) in clinical utility has been extensively evolved. The NMs offer incredible progress in the averting and cure of oral and maxillofacial conditions. In the current review, we offer a glimpse into recent development in NMs used to oral and maxillofacial tissue regeneration and disorders therapy, with particular focus on the promoting the quality of oral and maxillofacial healthcare. NMs include polymers, liposomes, particles, micelles, capsules, and scaffolds in nano-size offer worthy oral health. They recognize and cure diseases, restore tissue failing, and enhance the restoration of the physical activity of the tissue by representing the construction of natural tissue. We also delivered an efficient, and the important knowledge gaps for upcoming investigation.

This study aimed to describe a new method of plastic surgery for deformities of the cranial vault. The focus of the study was an analysis of the results of conventional and developed by authors techniques for the plastic surgery of post-burn scars and defects of the cranial vault.

The patients were divided into two groups: the main group, which used the newly developed method of plastic surgery (n=36), and the compared group – the conventional method of local plastic surgery (n=33). The investigation presented the surgical technique using a clinical case study.

The authors developed a technique, which includes intraoperative balloon dermotension of the tissues surrounding the defect and an improved method of wound closure (“figure-of-eight suture”).

The advantages of the new technique are the relative simplicity of the procedure, the option of using local anesthesia, a low rate of postoperative complications, and a short postoperative period. In addition, the method used allows for good aesthetic results in the long term.

Lead (Pb) is among the most toxic pollutants that affect health of both humans and animals. Finding a way to prevent Pb accumulation in animals’ bodies seems necessary. Bacterial cellulose nanofiber (BCNF) can remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. This study investigates effects of oral consumption of BCNF, as a chelator, on Pb concentration in the kidney and liver tissues of rats.

Sixteen Wistar rats (aged 6-8 weeks) were divided into four groups: 1. control, 2. fed with Pb, 3. fed with Pb (50 μg/g) and BCNF (16 μg/g) simultaneously, and 4. fed with Pb and BCNF with 4 hours interval. The rats were euthanized, and the kidney and liver tissues were separated. After acidic digestion of the tissue samples, Pb concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry.

The mean concentration of Pb in the kidney and liver tissues of rats fed with Pb and BCNF were significantly lower than that of rats fed only with Pb. In addition, the mean Pb concentration in rats of group 3 was lower than that of group 4.

The results of this study showed the favorable effects of BCNF on prevention of Pb accumulation in the kidney and liver tissues of rats. Moreover, removal of Pb may be related to binding of BCNF with Pb in the gut or blood. More studies are necessary to determine the exact mechanisms through which BCNF can reduce Pb accumulation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of finasteride on spermatogenesis and male fertility. To do so, the effects of finasteride were examined for hormonal assays and testicular tissue changes.

This study was performed on male NMRI mice in five groups, namely control, sham, and three experimental groups that received finasteride (1, 5, and 20 mg/kg BW) for 35 days.

As for hormonal observations, significant reductions of DHT in all injectabledoses were recorded. Yet, testosterone only increased significantly in two doses of 5 and 20 mg/kg BW. Moreover, two hormones of FSH and LH were significantly reduced in the drug-receiving groups. In the view of histological findings, sperm count and motility were markedly different between the doses of 5 and 20 mg/kg BW in the epididymis. The frequency of primary spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoids was considerably decreased in groups receiving finasteride at doses of 5 and 20 mg/kg BW. However, this happened only at a dose of 20 mg/kg BW for spermatogonial cells.

It is predicted that finasteride at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW and more can have side effects on male reproductive ability and spermatogenesis

Many patients die due to vascular, gastrointestinal lumen problems, and coronary heart diseases. Synthetic vessels that are made of biodegradable-nanofiber polymers have significant properties such as proper biodegradability and efficient physical properties such as high strength and flexibility. Some of the best options for supporting cells in soft tissue engineering and design are applications of thermoplastic polyurethane polymer in the venous tissue. In this study, the first nanoparticle-reinforced polymeric artificial prosthesis was designed and tested to be used in the human body.

In this study, artificial gastrointestinal lumen were fabricated and prepared using a 3D printer. To improve cell adhesion, wettability properties and mechanical stability of elastin biopolymer with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as well as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) were prepared as separate filaments. MNPs were made in 5–7 mm sizes and then examined for mechanical, biological, and hyperthermia properties. Then, the obtained results of the gastrointestinal lumen were simulated using the Abaqus software package with a three-branch. The results were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology and phase analysis.

The obtained results of the designed vessels showed remarkable improvement in mechanical properties of the SWCNT vessels and hyperthermia properties of the vessels containing the MNPs. The results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis showed that the artificial vessels had lower shear stress at the output.

Five-mm MNP containing vessels showed noticeable chemical and biological properties along with ideal magnetic results in the treatment of thrombosis and vascular obstruction.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that can affect almost all of the body organs, including male and female reproductive systems.

This study was designed to investigate the preventive effects of metformin on stereological and ultra-structural characteristics of the ovary in the streptozotocin-induced diabetes adult female rats.

Seventy adult (8-10 wk.) female Sprague-Dawley rats (180-200 gr) were equally divided, as follows: (n= 10/ each) control; STZ-induced diabetes (single dose of 65 mg/kg STZ, IP); metformin-treated (50 mg/100 gr of body weight, orally); diabetic-metformin-treated; sham 1, (single dose of sodium citrate); sham 2, (0.5 ml of daily oral distilled water); and sham 3, (sodium citrate + distilled water treated). The Body mass index, ovarian weight, blood sugar level, cholesterol, and triglyceride were measured. The stereological and ultrastructural features of ovary were assessed.

The blood sugar of induced-diabetic rats was increased (p<0.01). The BMI (p<0.01), number of granulosa cells (p = 0.04), primordial, primary and secondary follicles (p = 0.03), total volume of ovary (p<0.01) and cortex, nucleus diameter ratio to the cytoplasm of the oocyte were decreased. The number of atretic follicles in the diabetic and diabetic + metformin-treated rats were increased (p<0. 01). The ultrastructural characteristics of ovary were more damaged in diabetic rats.

Diabetes has destructive effects on ovarian follicles and causes follicular atresia. Also, the size of oocytes, numbers of granulosa cells and ooplasmic organelles, which are involved in the folliculogenesis are affected by diabetes and metformin has no preventive effects.

Leiomyomas are tumors of the soft tissues. The incidence of myomas within the perineum is absolutely rare and only a few reports have been made on the matter. We herein report a case of perineal myoma in a virgin woman, which was successfully excised.

Case report:

 We present a 35-year-old virgin woman, with complaint referred to a mass in her perineum which had first exhibited signs 5 years prior to the time she referred to us and had increased in size in a steady manner ever since. The mass had caused no gynecologic, rectal, or urinary symptoms. Clinical examination revealed a painless, mobile mass (6cm*6cm) with [unknown consistency] in the right perineum with extension to the distal of the labium majus of the same side.

Treatment of symptomatic leiomyomas relies on surgical excision of the mass. However, the surgical method of choice is a matter of debate in previous studies.

A simple, rapid, and sensitive reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method based on liquid-liquid extraction was developed and validated for
determination of docetaxel (DTX) in plasma and homogenate tissues of tumor-bearing mice. Experimental approach: Samples were spiked with celecoxib as the internal standard and separation was achieved on a μ-Bondapak C18 HPLC column. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile/water (40/60 v/v) at flow rate of 1.2 mL/min and the effluent was monitored at 230 nm.

Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 0.1-10 μg/mL of DTX in plasma and 0.25-50 μg/mL in tissue homogenates with acceptable precision and accuracy. The mean recoveries of the drug from plasma extraction was 94.6 ± 1.44% while those of tissue homogenates ranged from 73.5 ± 3.2 to 85.3 ± 2.8% depending on the type of tissues examined. DTX was stable in biological samples with no evidence of degradation during 3 freeze-thaw cycles and two months of storage at -70 ± 15 °C.
The developed HPLC method was applied to quantify DTX in the mouse plasma and tissues after intravenous administration of 7.5 mg equivalent DTX/kg dose of DTX-loaded folic acid-polyethylene glycol-heparin-tocopherol (FA-PEG-HEP-CA-TOC) micelle formulation to female Balb/c mice.

A simple, sensitive, rapid, accurate, and prudent RP-HPLC method was developed, validated, and applied for DTX determination in plasma and tissues.