جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Tumors » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Eyelid tumors are common in the daily practice of skin tumors and are composed of benign and malignant lesions.

 This retrospective case series study collected histopathologic reports of eyelid tumors of patients treated between 2022 and 2023 in Razi and Farabi hospitals (Tehran, Iran). Patient data, including patient age, sex, location of the lesion, and recurrence, were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to characterize the subgroups.

 The sample was composed of 154 eyelid tumor specimens, including 72 (47%) malignant cases, 80 (52%) benign cases, and 2 (1%) premalignant cases. Malignant tumors included 81.9% basal cell carcinomas (BCC), 15.3% basosquamous cell carcinomas (BSC), and 1.4% squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The benign eyelid lesions were comprised of 20% intradermal melanocytic nevus, 11.3% epidermal cyst, 7.6% dermoid cyst, 10% seborrheic keratosis, 6.3% xanthelasma, 2.5% wart, 3.8% compound nevus, 5% fibroconnective tissue, 3.8% squamous papilloma, 3.8% neurofibroma, 2.5% comedone,2.5% apocrine hidrocystoma, 2.5% foreign body type granuloma, and 1.3% of others (arteriovenous hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma, cutaneous horn, etc.) The premalignant lesions were 2 cases of actinic keratosis. Benign lesions had an equal frequency of occurrence in the upper and lower lids. Malignant lesions were seen more in the lower lid. Premalignant lesions were seen in the lower lid. The mean age at diagnosis was 45.8 ± 23.06 years for patients with benign lesions and 63.5 ± 16.7 years for patients with malignant lesions. The mean age for patients with premalignant lesions was 81.5 ± 9.19 years (P < 0.001).

 In our study, benign lesions were seen predominantly in young persons and malignant lesions were mostly seen in elderly persons. There is an equal occurrence of malignant lesions in males and females, and recurrence after excision was infrequent.

The ectopic endometrial tissue can be found in different places with no symptoms (such as intestinal endometriosis) and common symptoms such as abnormal bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and chronic pelvic pain. Early diagnosis and treatments, especially with surgical procedures, play an important role in patients’ recovery. We describe a 39-year-old woman with intermural and submucosal endometriosis. The compressive effect of the mass in the rectosigmoid colon caused digestive symptoms. After necessary procedures such as colonoscopy, computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), we performed surgery, and the distal colon was resected. Ovarian cysts caused by endometrial tissue displacement can have symptoms similar to gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) if they are large enough to push through the gastrointestinal (GI) system. These symptoms can be diarrhea, abdominal tenderness, and so on. Surgery is the best diagnostic way for endometriomas and one of the diagnostic ways in GISTs. Also, with considering the drug resistance of GISTs to the current chemotherapy, the best treatment is also surgery. Location and tissue involvement of masses of the GI system are important points that should be considered in the differential diagnoses. In this way, early diagnosis and timely treatment, especially surgical, will have the best prognosis for the affected patients.

Relatively low incidence has led to an under-rating of fibula tumors. This study aimed to evaluatefibula tumors as a whole and to give detailed information based on histological types according to the anatomiclocation of the tumors in the fibula. Evaluation was made of all the primary bone tumors of the fibula recorded in our bone tumor registry andinstitute of pathology from 2007 to 2018. Of these, 62 cases were identified. Analysis included assessment of age,gender, tumor localization, the presenting symptoms, the duration of symptoms, and treatment methods. There were 48 (77.4%%) benign and 14 (22.6%) malignant tumors. The most commonly found benigntumors were non-ossifying fibroma (12/48; 25%) and aneurysmal bone cyst (12/48; 25%), and the malignant tumorswere chondrosarcoma (3/14; 21.4%) and chondroblastic osteosarcoma (3/14; 21.4%). The most common locationfor both benign and malignant tumors (58.3%, 71.4%) are the proximal fibula, followed by the distal fibula (27.1%,28.6%) and the diaphysis (14.6%, 0%). Six (9.7%) patients prese nted with pathological fibula fractures. Fibular tumors are rarely encountered in clinical practice but are mostly benign, with malignancydetermined in approximately a quarter of patients. However, as most benign tumors are asymptomatic, and thereforeremain undetected, the actual proportion of malignant tumors wi ll be much lower.Level of evidence: IV

The venom of different snake species has a distinctive composition. This composition can be also affected by other factors such as age, sex, geographical, and seasonal variations. Generally, snake venom is composed of small molecules such as inorganic cations as well as enzymatic and non-enzymatic peptides, and proteins. Although snake bite poisoning is highly associated with death after systemic absorption of the venom, some studies report on snake venom’s composition, toxicodynamic, and potential therapeutic.

Using electronic databases like ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, and Scopus, this review aims to point to some components of snake venom and how these components can be used for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.

Snake venom was used for the treatment of different pathophysiological conditions in ancient times and is now being used in both modern and folk medicine. These have created the opportunity for scientists to discover new drugs that are more targeted to the site of action and have fewer adverse effects.

Today, using special techniques of isolation and formulation, some purified snake venom components are being used for the treatment of acute and chronic conditions, while some others are under further clinical trials. This is due to their potential to produce antitumor, antimicrobial, analgesic, antiplatelet, hypotensive, and other activities.

Retinoblastoma tumors are the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood, leading to death after two years. The Human Adenovirus (HAdV) infection could be critical in the retinoblastoma pathogenesis due to the virus and retinoblastoma 1 interactions. The objective of the current study was to investigate the possible presence of the HAdV genome in the retinoblastoma patientchr('39')s tumors.

In this study, we evaluated the HAdV infection in 96 pathological confirmed retinoblastoma samples. The DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks, and the virus infection was assessed using polymerase chain reaction. SPSS version 22 was used for statistical analysis.

The mean age ± SD of the retinoblastoma patients was 28.89 ± 17 months. In addition, the demographic evaluation indicated that 43 (46.7%) of patients were female. The retinoblastoma laterality assessment indicates 87 (90.4%) unilateral and 9 (9.4%) bilateral tumors. Growth pattern analysis indicates endophytic 58 (77.3%), exophytic 8 (10.7%), and 9 (12%) of tumors with mix endophytic and exophytic patterns. The polymerase chain reaction results could not found any evidence of HAdV infection in all 96 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples.

The study results suggest that there is not any association between HAdV infection and retinoblastoma tumors in studied samples. The HAdV infection may not a concern in retinoblastoma pathogenesis. Further investigations are recommended in this field of study.

Bilateral synchronous testis germ cell tumors with different histopathology are not common.

Here, a case of 27-year-old male who is reported presented with bilateral testicular swellings. There was a high α-fetoprotein level with bilateral lesions on scrotal USG. Bilateral orchiectomy was performed. According to pathology report, there was a right testicular seminoma and left testicular mixed germ cell tumor composed of seminoma, yolk sac tumor and embryonal carcinoma.

He received one cycle of chemotherapy with BEP regimens

The clinical and imaging presentations of primary tumors and tumor-like lesions in the clavicle are not clear.

To investigate the clinical and imaging presentations of primary tumors and tumor-like lesions in the clavicle for better diagnosis.

Patients with clavicular diseases between 1963 and 2018 confirmed by pathology who had plain radiography, computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled. The age, sex, imaging data, radiological signs and location of the tumor at the clavicle of patients were analyzed and compared.

Eighty-one patients with clavicular diseases were identified including 49 males and 32 females with an age range of 2 - 76 years (mean, 42.6). There were malignant tumors in 50 cases (61.7%), intermediate in 12 (14.8%), and benign in 19 cases (23.5%). Malignant tumors included metastatic tumors in 31 cases (38.3%), plasma-cell myeloma in ten (12.3%), and osteosarcoma in four (4.9%). The intermediate bone tumors were mainly eosinophilic granuloma in six cases (7.4%), and aneurysmal bone cyst in three (3.7%). Benign tumors were mainly osteochondroma (6.2%), bone cyst (3.7%), and chondroma (3.7%). Malignant tumors had bone destruction, periosteal reaction, ill-defined margins and soft tissue masses. Benign tumors and tumor-like lesions had well-defined margins.

Many tumors may occur at the clavicle with more malignant than benign tumors with no specific imaging features in most lesions. A lesion near the sternal end with atypical benign imaging features should be considered as malignant.

Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a benign tumor that rarely occurs in carpal bones. Occurrence of OO in trapezoid is extremelyrare. We present a patient with OO of the trapezoid as 7th reported case around the world.

A 25-year-old man was referred to our clinic with a 12-month history of pain of his left wrist. He mentioned that hehad wrist pain during manual activity and the pain was increasing over time. He did not have history of trauma. He was treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) before being referred to our clinic; however, it did not work. Examination showed tenderness over the dorsoradial side of the left wrist. Conventional radiographs of the wrist were normal. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a halo radiolucent osteoid tissue surrounded by a sclerotic tissue in left trapezoid. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a focal hypointense lesion (nidus) in the trapezoid with 10 mm diameter. A focal increased uptake of 99mTc in his trapezoid was shown by bone scintigraphy. According to the clinical and imaging findings, we considered excisional biopsy with the diagnosis ofOO of trapezoid bone. Surgery was performed through a dorsal incision. We performed en bloc excision. Histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of OO. The patient got pain-free on postoperative day 3.

Carpal bones tumor such as OO should be considered in differential diagnosis of patients with chronic wrist pain.

Benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) is a rare lesion in the head and neck with a slow, single, and painless growth that consists of fibroblasts and histiocytes. In this study, a BFH case was reported and examined from clinical, microscopic, and immunohistochemical aspects.

A 36-year-old man with a red nodule on the dorsal surface of his tongue was referred to the oral medicine department. The appearance of this nodule was similar to the adjacent tissue in its surface. According to the same microscopic view of this lesion with other soft tissue tumors, immunohistochemistry test confirmed the diagnosis. It was treated with en-bloc surgical resection. In four follow-ups up to one year, there was no recurrence. Considering the results of these cases and comparing them with other cases, although there is a slim chance of recurrence in one year, follow up is recommended.

Clinical view of FH is not characteristic and tumors with microscopic spindle-shaped appearance are challenging in diagnosis. IHC is obligatory to reach a prompt diagnosis and due to recurrence, follow-up is recommended.

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is an adhesion molecule which is expressed on the epithelial cells and primarily identified as a tumor marker for carcinoma. In this study, the expression of EpCAM in precancerous and cancerous gastric lesions was investigated and then, the association of EpCAM expression with the overall survival of patient suffering from gastric carcinoma was evaluated. 12 gastric carcinoma, 3 dysplasia, and 8 intestinal metaplasia (IM) subjects were taken from the department of pathology of Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. The diagnosis was made by the expert pathologist. Then, the subjects were stained for EpCAM by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and analyzed by the pathologist. The data showed that EpCAM was expressed in all of the precancerous and cancerous samples. However, 76.4% of carcinoma cells were positive for EpCAM while it was 62.5% and 51.3% for dysplasia and IM, respectively. Importantly, it was observed that the expression of EpCAM on gastric cancer was negatively correlated with the overall survival of the patients. In conclusion, it was demonstrated in this study that EpCAM is expressed in gastric carcinoma and its expression is negatively correlated with the overall survival of the patients with gastric cancer.

Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a benign osteoblastic neoplasm, mostly occurring in long bones of lower extremity. Its manifestation in unusual locations can be a diagnostic challenge and distressing for patients. OO in carpal bones is uncommon; its occurrence in triquetrum is even more so.

This study reports on a nineteen-year-old female with history of wrist pain for 4 years. She had sustained trauma to the same wrist before commencing of pain. Patient's pain was unresponsive to conservative treatments. Her routine x-rays were mostly interpreted as normal and obtaining further imaging helped us in diagnosis of OO of triquetrum. Surgical resection of the nidus was performed.

Manifestation of OO in small carpal bones may not be typical; identifying the lesion or nidus could be challenging. Whatever unusual the location or presentation of such lesions may be, obtaining advanced imaging can be of significant help; therefore, we suggest clinicians to have low threshold in ordering advanced imaging specifically in patients suffering from chronic pain. Also, persistent history of nocturnal pain is a sign which is worth attention

Hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease that is endemic in Mediterranean areas, South America, North Africa, Australia, and Iran. Although the liver and lung are the most common involved organs, but the other organs in human body also can be involved by hydatid cyst. Chest wall involvement by hydatid cyst is a rare condition, which may be misdiagnosed as chest wall tumor in the endemic areas. Herein, we presented a case of primary chest wall hydatid cyst mimicking chest wall tumor.

Breast cancer affects Iranian women at least one decade younger than their counterparts in other countries and the incidence of breast fibroadenoma is growing in the last two decades in Tehran. This study aimed to compare the AhR levels in premenopausal breast cancer and breast fibroadnemo with appropriate normal groups. Possible associations of AhR with lifestyle and reproductive risk factors and other fundamental genes of breast cancer and reproductive disorders were the other major goals of present study. To conduct the comparisons all possible reproductive, environmental and lifestyle risk factors of mentioned diseases were recorded in 100 breast cancer, 100 breast fibroadenoma and compared with 400 women in normal group from 2009 to 2011. AhR overexpression in epithelial cells of premenopausal patients emphasized the susceptibility of these cells to environmental induced reproductive disorders. The AhR overexpression was contributed to ER-/PgR- immunophenotype in malignant tissues. Weight gain (after 18 and after pregnancy), long term (>5yrs) OCP consumption, smoking, severe stress ,history of ovarian cysts, hormonal deregulations, living near PAHs producing sources, were correlated with increased risk of breast cancer and reproductive disorders and were correlated with elevated tissue levels of AhR. It seems that increased risk of breast cancer and other reproductive tumours in Tehran may be the result of exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors. Long term exposure to environmental estrogens can increase the tissue levels of AhR and deregulate the expression pattern of sex steroid receptors and other genes in target tissues.

Pituitary adenomas have been the most common sellaturcica tumors. There have been many unusual types of pituitary tumors that might neglect by radiologists and clinicians. One of these tumors would be the malignant glioma. A 62-year-old male has complained from sudden frontal headache, nausea, vomiting, decreased vision, blurred vision and double vision. In skull radiographic, there was an expansion of sellaturcica and a lesion with clear border on T1; heterogeneous; iso - to hypotense; size about 3/5 × 2/5 cm with no surrounding edema that it has homogeneously attracted contrast Lesion, that shown a signal hypointensity on T2 with heterogeneous enhancement. In the coronal sections, the tumor expanded to the suprasellar region and optic chiasmatic that has compressed especially on the left side. Partial tumor resection has conducted. The surgery has done by a transsphenoidal approach. The pathologist has diagnosed a glioblastoma. This diagnosis has confirmed using immunohistochemistry technique. There have been many unusual types of pituitary tumors that might neglect by radiologists and clinicians. One of these tumors would be the malignant glioma.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a relatively new approach to the management of multiple types of locally advanced soft tissue tumors. Unique peri-procedural anesthetic management is needed in the safe and effective delivery of this therapy.. This study analyzed IRE therapy in relation to anesthetic management for our initial cohort and then established and validated a set of best practical guidelines for general anesthesia in patients undergoing IRE for abdominal tumors..Patients and An IRB-approved prospective data collection outcome protocol was utilized. This study was broken up into two cohorts as follows: the initial 38 patients (pts) undergoing IRE in which anesthetic management was not defined or optimized and then a 40-pt validation cohort to establish the most efficacious anesthetic protocols.. During IRE delivery, a deeper neuromuscular blockade is required to ensure that all retroperitoneal muscle excitation was minimized. In the initial 38-pt cohort, attempts to treat hypertension (median SBP 190, range 185–215 and median diastolic 98, range 91–115) were made with various types of anti-hypertensives with minimal-to-insufficient effects. The established inhalation was sevoflurane with an approximate median dose of 8.0 volume percentage. Analgesic management of continuous remifentanil was utilized with epidural management, which optimized HTN and tolerance to IRE therapy.. Anesthetic management for IRE of soft tissue deviates from standard anesthetic medical therapy in regards to depth of neuromuscular blockade and analgesic management during IRE energy delivery. However, minor modifications in anesthesia management allow for a safe and efficient patient procedure..