جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Urinary Tract Infection » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a serious issue affecting both men and women resulting from the invasion of microbial agents into the urinary system. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) against Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from UTI.

In this study, 100 urine specimens were obtained from medical laboratories in western Tehran. E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were identified and subsequently confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined using the disk diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity of L. casei against these strains (four multidrug-resistant isolates from each species) was then evaluated using the agar well diffusion method.

From 100 urine specimens, 76 E. coli and 14 K. pneumoniae isolates were identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that imipenem and nitrofurantoin were the most effective antibiotics against E. coli, while amikacin demonstrated the highest efficacy against K. pneumoniae. In the agar well diffusion assay, L. casei generated growth inhibition zones measuring 19.8 mm ± 3 for E. coli and 20.3 mm ± 4 for K. pneumoniae.

Lactobacillus casei demonstrates notable antimicrobial efficacy against both E. coli and K. pneumoniae, suggesting its potential as an alternative therapeutic option for UTIs.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common cause of urinary tract infection in humans including cystitis and pyelonephritis. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in UPEC is one of the global public challenges that is due to prevalent use of antibiotics in healthcare setting. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency and antibiotic resistance pattern of UPEC isolated from patients admitted to Modares Hospital in Saveh, Iran.

In this study, in total 633 isolates were evaluated. UPEC isolates were obtained from patients with urinary tract infection and identified using conventional microbiological protocols. Antibiotic resistance pattern of UPEC against different antibiotic were determined using disk diffusion method. SPSSTM software was used for statistical analysis.

In this study, the most sample was related to outpatients and the lowest sample was related to the CCU wards. The highest antibiotic resistance showed against cephalothin (63.8%) and nalidixic acid (62.2%) antibiotics. The highest effective antibiotics for the tested UPEC was nitrofurantoin (90.7%) and gentamicin (77.3%). Cephalothin and nalidixic acid in hospitalized patients in ICU and emergency wards, respectively, showed the highest antibiotic resistance. Out of 633 UPEC, the rate of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) isolates were 343 (54.2%).

The result of this study highlighted the role of UPEC as one of the important cause of UTI in individuals. Also, nitrofurantoin then gentamicin are the most effective antibiotics against UPEC infections. Logical prescription of antibiotics and infection control strategies are needed for prevention and control of nosocomial infections especially urinary tract infection.

 Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and anemia are significant disorders that occur during pregnancy, potentially leading to severe complications.

 This study explored the prevalence of urinary tract infections and anemia, along with their associated factors, among pregnant women.

 A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted with 700 pregnant women attending clinics in Khash, Iran, in 2022. A self-administered questionnaire collected data on the socio-demographic and clinical factors of these women. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test in SPSS software, version 22. Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

 The prevalence rates of anemia and urinary tract infections were 63.6% (95% CI: 59.8 - 67.1) and 49% (95% CI: 45.2 - 52.7), respectively. Significant associations were observed between anemia and the number of medical care visits, smoking status, the use of iron and folic acid supplements, history of abortion, and thalassemia (P-value < 0.05). Additionally, income level, previous history of urinary tract infections, education level, and syphilis were significantly associated with UTIs among pregnant women (P-value < 0.05).

 The prevalence rates of anemia and UTIs among pregnant women are high. Consequently, standard antenatal care services, as recommended for the early identification of risk factors, should be emphasized by the Ministry of Health and its stakeholders to mitigate the high prevalence of anemia and UTIs during pregnancy and their associated complications.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are one of the most commonly occurring infections in medical practice despite the widespread availability of antibiotics. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in uropathogens may lead to poor treatment outcomes in individuals with UTIs. The knowledge of the microorganism involves and antibiograms are important for the empirical treatment of UTIs.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the bacteriological profile of UTI patients and to know their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.

A cross-sectional study was carried out over 6 months (from July 2021 to December 2021) with a focus on the identification of bacterial pathogens causing UTI and the evaluation of their antibiogram. Mid-stream urine samples were collected from a total of 2825 subjects with clinically suspected acute UTI. Urine samples were aseptically collected in sterile containers and inoculated aseptically on to Hi-Chrome UTI agar. Isolation and identification of the bacterial strains were performed using standard microbiological protocols. Antibiotic susceptibility was carried out following CLSI recommended guidelines. Only culture proven cases, were included in this study. 

 A total of 2825 urine samples were processed for urine culture and sensitivity out of which 804 samples were found to be positive for bacterial infection (amounting to 28.46% positivity). Gram -negative bacteria accounted for 58.5 % (471/804) and Gram -positive 33% (267/804) of the positive results. Among Gram -negative isolates, E. coli(33.8%) and K. pneumoniae (10.8%) were the most prevalent microorganisms while as Enterococcus sp (26.3%) was the most common Gram -positive organism isolated followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Gram negative bacteria on the whole showed a high degree of resistance to cephalosporins and quinolones while as nitrofurantoin was the most effective antibiotic against E. coli and K. pneumoniae. In case of Gram-positive bacteria linezolid and vancomycin were the most effective antibiotics.

The results of this study revealed a great concern for emerging UTI‑related multidrug‑resistant strains of bacteria causing UTI. The need of the hour is continuous monitoring of susceptibility patterns of specific pathogens to commonly used antimicrobial agents before initiation of antibiotic therapy.

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) as a known cause of urinary tract infection (UTI), renal scarring, and nephropathy, is congenital and often familial. The prevalence of VUR is unclear, although most cases of VUR resolves spontaneously, the management of children with VUR is controversial. The purpose of this review was to evaluate VUR in order to provide an update on management to improve its prognosis.

The articles from several sources, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the Directory of Open Access Journals, were included.

Due to various complications, VUR is very scary for patients or families, and special attention is needed. A challenge for pediatric nephrologists is the early diagnosis of VUR and the progressive complications of kidney disease. There is no internationally accepted, uniform, evidence-based algorithm for the assessment of reflux anywhere

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is a major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant uropathogenic E. coli among Iranian children with confirmed bacterial UTIs from 2012 to 2022.

A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, MagIran, Iranian Scientific Information Database, IranMedex, and Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology. The antibiotic-specific pooled prevalence estimates were calculated by applying a random-effects model. Freeman-Tukey Double Arcsine transformation was applied. I-squared statistic, and Cochran’s Q test were computed and meta-regression was conducted on latitude of sampling location.

The literature search retrieved 2159 articles, among which 19 articles were included. The highest antibiotic resistance was related to doxycycline, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, cefazolin, cefuroxime, and amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, 59%, 57%, 54%, 53%, and 52%, respectively. Meta-regression on the latitude was statistically significant for nitrofurantoin (P=0.05).

Resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains were observed in the majority of confirmed bacterial UTIs among Iranian children. The most effective antibiotics for uropathogens were colistin, meropenem, and imipenem.

Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection in children and adults, especially females. Among urinary tract infection caused by bacteria, Streptococcus agalactiae can cause periodic, temporary, or persistent infection in women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of S. agalactiae isolated from urine samples in pregnant women referred to Qom hospitals, Iran.

In this descriptive study, 1264 pregnant women suspected for urinary tract infection were assessed. Midstream urine specimens collected from pregnant individuals in Ali-ibn-AbiTaleb hospital medical laboratory were passaged on blood agar media. Streptococcus agalactiae was detected using phenotype-based tests. Then, antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted using the disc diffusion method according to CLSI protocols.

Out of 1264 pregnant patients, 17.64% were diagnosed with beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, and 13.37% were diagnosed with S. agalactiae. The highest rates of antibiotic resistance were found for Clindamycin and Erythromycin. In place, the lowest resistance rate was detected for Nitrofurantoin. The prevalence of resistance to Penicillin was about 33%.

Regarding the results of this research, it would be better to perform urine culture tests before week 34 of pregnancy and the last weeks of pregnancy. Also, our results showed that Penicillin can be replaced by alternative antibiotics before week 34 of pregnancy to prevent further S. agalactiae antibiotic resistance.

 Bacteria play a major role in urinary tract infections (UTIs); therefore, it is necessary to be aware of their regional prevalence and the causative pathogens for better prognosis and rapid treatment in clinical settings. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of bacterial isolates involved in UTI samples and their antibiotics resistance pattern.

 In this cross-sectional study, bacterial infections from 4214 urine samples were analyzed from December 2016 to December 2018. After biochemical tests, disk diffusion susceptibility procedures were performed on all positive clinical cultures, according to CLSI guidelines. The obtained data were sorted and statistically analyzed by SPSS 26.

 Out of 3582 suspected UTIs samples, 2006 (56%) were females and 1576 (44%) males in the 0-99 years old age range and mainly consisting of middle-aged and elderly patients (62.2%). Escherichia coli (53.43%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (15.99%) were the most frequent isolates. Among gram negative bacteria, nitrofurantoin and among gram- positive, vancomycin represented the lowest resistance rates at 25.27% and 26.74% respectively. Piperacillin showed the least efficacy with a resistance rate of 76.04%, followed by cefazolin with a 74.94% resistance rate.  In gram positive bacteria, vancomycin and gentamicin showed more promise with respective resistance rates of 19.34% and 27.34%. The highest resistance was associated with ampicillin (68.61%) and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (66.06%).

 Alarming resistance rates were observed in ampicillin and piperacillin, which should be taken into account in therapy guidelines in this area. Prevalence of resistant strains can be avoided by developing appropriate healthcare policies and community awareness.

Urinary tract infection is the most common adult bacterial infection worldwide. Antigens of ABO and Lewis blood groups may influence bacterial adherence and lead to an increase in the frequency of urinary tract infections in adults. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of ABO and Lewis blood groups with urinary tract infections.

In this experimental study, a blood sample of 80 urinary tract infection patients from AL-Sader Teaching Hospital, Iraq, and 50 healthy persons was used for the determination of ABO and Lewis blood groups by agglutination assay. Urine samples of urinary tract infection patients were cultured and identified based on culture characteristics, gram staining, and biochemical tests.

Urinary tract infection was significantly higher in patients with the O blood group (42.5%) and the Lewis (a-b-) phenotype (38.8%) than in patients with other blood groups and the control group. Escherichia coli was the most common bacterial isolate observed in urinary tract infection patients. Also, E. coli was significantly higher in the UTI patients with the O blood group and the Lewis (a-b-) phenotype.

People of the O blood group and the Lewis (a-b-) phenotype are more susceptible to urinary tract infections. Escherichia coli is the main cause of urinary tract infections.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are extremely prevalent bacterial infections among children. They have numerous potential causes. Without proper diagnosis and treatment, UTIs can lead to serious complications in children, including impaired growth, high blood pressure, protein in urine, and eventual chronic kidney disease. Zinc and vitamin D in sufficient concentrations help to maintain the health of the immune system. Therefore, their deficiency can cause various infections. Several factors can contribute to the development of UTIs. This article deals with the role of zinc and vitamin D as immune markers in UTI in children without other risk factors.  

In this case-control study, serum zinc and vitamin D levels without any other risk factors were examined in 40 healthy children and 40 children with UTIs. Data analysis was done through SPSS 26 using the chi-square, the Fisher’s exact, and ‎ independent t tests.‎  

The study findings demonstrated a statistically significant distinction between the 2 groups regarding serum vitamin D and zinc levels (P < 0.001); 80% of children with UTIs and 17.5% in the healthy group had ‎vitamin D deficiency. Also, 60% of the urinary ‎infection group had zinc deficiency, whereas 17.5% of the healthy group had it.‎  

Low serum zinc and vitamin D levels may increase susceptibility to pediatric UTI. ‎ Given the data, supplementation with zinc and vitamin D could play a significant role in treating active infections and preventing recurrence in susceptible children.

Low vitamin D has been linked to enhance inflammatory markers in various pathological conditions. We aimed to evaluate the urinary tract infection (UTI)-associated hematological and inflammatory markers mediated by low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D].

Vitamin D level, hematological indices (Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio [MLR], Neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio [NMR], Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio [PLR], and Mean platelet volume [MPV]), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-a were evaluated in 115 UTI patients and 57 controls.

The findings showed an inverse association between elevated hematological (NLR, MLR, and MPV) and serum markers of inflammation (CRP, IL-6, and TNF-a) with serum 25(OH)D levels in UTI patients. Among the several markers evaluated, the MLR had the ability to suggest the associated inflammation with low serum levels of 25(OH)D.  

The involvement of vitamin D deficiency might be characterized by an increase in the inflammatory markers in the patients which have an ability to establish the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and UTI; however, further investigations are needed to validate this finding.

 With the increasing rate of bacterial resistance and the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are now among the most important public health problems worldwide.

 This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance patterns of UTIs in Shahid Rahimi and Shohada-ye Ashayer hospitals of Khorramabad, Iran, in 2021.

 In this cross-sectional study, 250 patients with UTI were included. Demographic characteristics and data related to the pathogen types and antibiogram were collected from their medical files and recorded in a researcher-made checklist. The collected data were analyzed by Stata software version 14 at a 5% significance level.

 The study population consisted of 163 women (65.2%) with a mean age of 54.52 ± 10.12 and 87 men (34.8%) with a mean age of 51.87 ± 12.01. The most common pathogens reported were Escherichia coli (41.20%), followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus (20.80%), and Klebsiella pneumonia (18.40%). The most frequently reported resistances were against Amoxicillin (59.2%), followed by Ampicillin (53.6%), while the least reported were Imipenem (11.6%), followed by Amikacin (17.6%).

 A high rate of resistance was observed against the commonly used antibiotics. It is crucial to prescribe antibiotics, particularly those with relatively low resistance rates (such as imipenem and amikacin), cautiously to prevent bacterial resistance against antimicrobial agents.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most prevalent infections among pediatric patients, making them a very common type of infection. Recently, there has been growing interest in the use of vitamin supplements as supplementary therapies. However, the existing research in this field appears to be fragmented and lacking coherence. Thus, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of vitamin supplements' role in UTI treatment. We reviewed articles in PubMed and Google Scholar from 1950 to 2022. Vitamins C, E, and A have shown promising results as adjuvant therapies in UTI.