جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Wasting » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Malnutrition is a major contributor to children’s low growth, development and also disease. To inform policymakers’ planning and action, this study aimed to assess malnutrition in under-5 children and its relationship with the household socioeconomic status.

The data of this cross-sectional survey was collected through a valid and reliable questionnaire including demographic, nutritional and socioeconomic data. Through proportional and random cluster sampling, 3980 children aged 6 to 59 months old were selected as the participants of the study. The data were analyzed through Chi-Square and ANOVA tests using EpiNut and Stata software.

138 (3.5%) had severe stunting (height for age), 58 (1.5%) severe low weighting (weight for age), 81 (2%) severe weight loss, 87 (2.2%) obesity based on BMI for age, 66 (1.7%) severe wasting and 84 (2.1) obese based on weight for height. Height and weight for age were significantly associated with father’s job and BMI for age was associated with household socio-economic status (p<0.05).

In spite of performing nationwide programs targeting under 5 children, the prevalence of malnutrition problems was high. This study indicated that the household socio-economic status is an effective factor. This indicates that the supporting measures such as insurance and free services for the poor are not well designed, targeted and administered.

The first stage of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) was founded Iran to achieve better access to needed health services.

The aim of present study was to illustrate the prevalence rate of malnutrition’s subtypes in under 5‑year old children after UHC in comparison with before that. Settings and Design: In a cross‑sectional study in 2018, anthropometric indices of 970 under 5 years old children in rural and small towns of Isfahan province were gathered from their health files by cluster randomized sampling method.

Children whose weight for age, height for age, and weight for height were lower than ‑2SD based on Z score, were marked as underweight, stunting, and wasting, respectively. Children, whose weight for age was upper than +2SD, were marked as overweight. Statistical Analysis Used: The T‑test, Chi‑square, and logistic regression tests were used for determination of association between malnutrition’s subtypes and demographic variables.

A total of 78 (8.04%) of under 5 years old children were wasting, 74 (7.63%) were underweight, and 82 (8.45%) were stunting. Also, 12 (1.23%) of the children from the same group were overweight.

The prevalence rate of underweight and stunting in under 5 years old children were less than before UHC implementation period. The prevalence rate of overweight children below 5 in Isfahan province’s villages and small towns was low.

To plan for decreasing the prevalence of malnutrition among children, reliable data of current status are required. The aim of the present cross‑sectional study was to estimate the prevalence and trend of malnutrition among Iranian children.

PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Iranian databases including SID and Magiran were searched for studies published prior to October 2017 with MeSH terms of Malnutrition, Nutrition Disorders, Wasting, Stunting, Underweight, Undernutrition, Nutrition, Anthropometry, Weight, and Children and Iran. Three random effect models were applied to estimate the pooled prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting. Meta‑regression and cumulative meta‑analysis were performed. All analyses were also conducted separately for two different age groups including 0–6 years old (preschool) and 7–11 years old (primary school). Seventy‑five studies (information of 1,069,815 individuals) were included in the final meta‑analysis.

The overall prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting was estimated to be 8.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.6–9.1], 14.5% (95% CI: 13.1–15.9) and 5.6% (95% CI: 5–6.2) in children age 0–6 years, and 6.6% (95% CI: 4.8–8.4), 7.3% (95% CI: 5.6–9.1), and 8.3% (95% CI: 6–10.7) in children age 7–11 years, respectively.

The cumulative meta‑analysis showed a decrease in the general trend of malnutrition in both preschool and primary school children of Iran. Stunting and wasting were the most common form of malnutrition in Iranian preschool and primary school children, respectively. The decreasing trend of malnutrition was much more noticeable about stunting.

Children undernutrition is one of the common problems in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to observe the prevalence of malnutrition and its contributory factors among children under two years.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over 384 children in some selected rural areas in Bangladesh. The participants’ data were collected such as anthropometric, demographic, socioeconomic, and child feeding behavior using pre-tested structured questionnaires.

In age groups of 6-11, 12-17, and 18-23 months, 23.7, 42.1, and 45.1% of children were underweight; 31.6, 36.8, and 58.8% were stunted; and 21.1, 7.9, and 15.7% were wasted, respectively. A significant association was found between malnutrition of children with presence of disease, education of mother, and their monthly family income. Mothers with higher knowledge on fed colostrum (94%) initiated breastfeeding after the first hour of birth significantly (73%). Majority of the mothers (61.4%) started their weaning practice by cow milk and powder milk (17.3 %). The highest number of children suffered from malnutrition due to mother’s illiteracy and less monthly family income.

Awareness, multi stakeholder’s effort, and care practice should be conducted to reduce the malnutrition of under two years children in the study area.

Children malnutrition is a serious problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. The present study designed to investigate nutritional statuses and their associated risk factors in school-going children in Bangladesh.

This study included 650 children (391 boys and 249 girls) aged 5–13 years old, living in the rural area of northern Bangladesh. Anthropometric measurement was carried out to measure the nutritional statuses of the participants. The participants were asked for their dietary history. Food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary intake information. All participants were interviewed about their personal characteristics and health conditions. All information were recorded in questionnaires.

Result of the study raveled that nutritional status of 37.53% of the participants were good and the rest were malnourished. Results demonstrated dominant underweight (boys, 50.38% and girls, 63.85%), wasting (42.19% of boys and 67.46% of girls) and stunting (boys, 47.05% girls, 77.51 %.) within the participants. Furthermore, study raveled that educational levels of the parents were low that might affect dietary intakes of the children and result in high prevalence of malnutrition in the studied area.

It is concluded that the parents’ educational levels were highly important for the nutritional statuses of the children. Girls were more malnourished than boys in this study. This study have suggested further assessment of the socioeconomic statuses of the households in relation to children malnutrition.

A strong link between child malnutrition and poverty has been documented especially in developing countries. Considering one child under two year out of three in Rwanda suffers from some form of malnutrition, promoting community welfare seems to bring about beneficial outcomes in terms of reduction of malnutrition. This study aims to determine and estimate the risk factors associated with deprivation and infant malnutrition in Rwanda.

The methodology targeted mostly households with children under two years. Using two consecutive nationally representative population-based survey data of Rwanda, Demographic and Health Survey 2010/11 and 2014/15, the risk factors associated with the outcome were determined and using stepwise logistic regression analysis, the socioeconomic determinants were predicted.

The findings were estimated from a sample of children under two years: 3,441 and 2,975 in Rwanda Demographic and Health Surveys 2010 and 2014/15. Households in the lowest wealth quintile were more likely to have children experiencing malnutrition (OR= 1.61, 95% CI: 1.17-2.2, p < 0.05 in 2010/11; OR= 1.7, 95% CI: 1.23-2.35, p<0.01 in 2014/15) whereas deprivation was less likely to associate with malnutrition among children under two years (OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.35-0.8, p < 0.001 in 2014/15). Overall, the trend went down significantly with the slope of 0.1536 suggesting a decrease of deprivation between two surveys by 0.065.

With the assumption of constancy of other factors, the trend of deprivation was significant to explain its association with infant malnutrition. Therefore, strengthening social protection interventions targeting the lowest wealth quintile category to afford food against price volatility are highly suggested.

Malnutrition, as a serious health problem in children, has an increasing prevalence in the developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the anthropometric indices of primary school children in Iranshahr, a city in central region of Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1000 6-14 year-old primary school children studying in 16 public and 5 private schools in Iranshahr city from May to June 2017. The sampling was done using multistage cluster random method. The school records were used to determine the students' ages. Their weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Anthropometric indices including weight-for-age, height-for-age, and BMI-for-age were assessed using the National Center for Health Statistics/World Health Organization international growth reference and Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2000).

The rate of thinness was significantly higher in public than private schools (18.1% vs 1%; P < 0.0001). Overweight/obesity was lower in public schools’ children compared to students of the private schools (0.1% vs 9.3%; P = 0.007). The rates of stunting and underweight in public and private schools’ children were 50.2% vs. 53.3% (P = 0.11) and 46.6% vs 35% (P < 0.0001), respectively.

Findings showed that although nutritional status was better in private schools than public schools, malnutrition is still a potential public health problem in this area. Therefore, the nutrition interventions are suggested at national and regional levels to increase the parents' awareness.

Context: Children’s health is one of the priorities in most societies. Nevertheless, the highest prevalence rate of malnutrition occurs among under five-year-old children worldwide.
The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of malnutrition in Iranian children through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Also we tried to identify the most prevalent factors causing malnutrition.
Data Sources: The required data were collected by searching the keywords of nutrition, malnutrition, under-nutrition, prevalence, epidemiology, etiology, occurrence and Iran in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Index Copernicus, DOAJ, EBSCO-CINAHL, SID, Magiran and Iranmedex.
Twenty studies were selected for the final analysis stage, dating from 1999 to 2014. Number of children investigated for wasting, stunting and underweight was 53612, 54312 and 55012 respectively. The results showed that the prevalence of each type of malnutrition, in terms of wasting, stunting and underweight were 7.8% (95% CI: 4.8% - 12.6%), 12.4% (95% CI: 8.3% - 18.5%) and 10.5% (95% CI: 7.1% - 15.4%), respectively. Parents’ educational level, in particular mothers’, gender, birth weight, the place of residence, and mother’s occupation were mentioned as important factors causing malnutrition.
The rate of malnutrition in Iran’s under five-year-old children is lower than the average of that in world and the Eastern Mediterranean region. Breastfeeding, the proper use of complementary feeding, and the principled spacing between births and improving the quality of maternal care have important role in prevention of malnutrition.

Infants and young children are the most vulnerable group to malnutrition. Malnutrition can cause child growth disorders. Child growth measurement is a basic instrument to measure the child malnutrition. This study was conducted to determine the malnutrition prevalence in children 2-6 years of age in Kerman rural kindergartens.
The current study is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 1154 of children under 6 year old. Weight and height was measured using standard instrument and method. Data entry was performed by SPSS 18. It is advised to assess child growth in developing countries by using WHO Anthro software. So, weight, height and BMI for age indicators was calculated by WHO Anthro software based on Z-score. To data analysis t-test and x2 test were applied.
1154 children. (597 boys and 557 girls, mean age of 58.4±10 months) were evaluated. Sever, medium and mild stunting (defined as height for age below the -1Z-score) prevalence was observed in 1.6%, 5.5% and 19.1% of children respectively. Sever, medium and mild underweight (defined as weight for age below the -1Z-score) prevalence was observed in 0.7%, 6.7% and 26% respectively. Sever, medium and mild wasting (defined as BMI for age below the -1Z-score) prevalence was observed in 1.3%, 9.5% and 25.6% respectively. Overweight (defined as BMI for age above the score) and obesity (defined as BMI for age above the score) was observed in 4.5% and 2.4% respectively. No significant difference of malnutrition prevalence was observed between boys and girls (p>0.05).
The study results show that underweight and wasting prevalence in studied children based on WHO criteria is high. So emphasis on more efforts to reduce malnutrition in rural children of Kerman. It should be considered as a health priority in this community.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in bilateral symmetrical Hirayama disease and find out MRI features which are probably more indicative of symmetrical Hirayama disease, thereby help in differentiating this entity from other motor neuron disease (MND).
This prospective as well as retrospective study was carried out from December 2010 to September 2016 in a tertiary care center of northeast India on 92 patients with Hirayama disease. Only 19 patients having bilateral symmetric upper limb involvement at the time of presentation were included in this study sample.
Nineteen patients, who constituted 20.6% of 92 patients of clinical and flexion MRI confirmed Hirayama disease were found to have bilateral symmetrical wasting and weakness of distal upper limb muscles at the time of presentation. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of onset of the disease process was 21.7 ± 3.8 years with mean ± SD duration of illness of 3.6 ± 1.3 years. MRI revealed lower cervical cord flattening in 13 (68.4%) patients which was symmetrical in 6 (31.6%) patients and asymmetrical in 7 (36.8%) patients. In the majority of these patients, T2-weighted images (T2WI) cervical cord hyperintensities were found extending from C5 to C6 vertebral level. Seven (36.8%) patients in our study showed bilateral symmetric T2WI hyperintensities in anterior horn cells (AHC).
Bilateral symmetrical involvement of Hirayama disease is an uncommon presentation. Symmetrical cervical cord flattening, T2WI cord and/or bilateral AHC hyperintensities were the major MRI findings detected. Flexion MRI demonstrated similar findings in both bimelic amyotrophy and classical unilateral amyotrophy. However, flexion MRI produced some distinguishing features more typical for bilateral symmetrical Hirayama disease which help to differentiate it from other MNDs.

Considering that children are major part of most populations and also considering the fact that childhood nutrition affects the health status in adulthood, we aimed to assess the nutritional status and its related factors among 6-24-month-old children referring to health care centers in Arsanjan city, southern Iran, in 2011. This cross-sectional study was done on 310 children aged 6-24 months. Weight and height were measured and data regarding demographic status, type of feeding, and birth order, were gathered by face to face interview with mothers of the children. Exact age of the children was recorded according to their birth certificate. Z-scores of weight and height were calculated using Epi-info software. SPSS version 16 was used for data analysis. 27.2% of the studied children were mildly underweight, 2-6% were moderately underweight, and 0.3 %were severely underweight. Also 15.6%, 1.6%, and 0.3% had mild, moderate, and severe stunting, respectively. According to weight for age index 7.4% were mildly overweight and 1.6% were moderately overweight. The prevalence of underweight was significantly more among 6-month-old children compared with the older children (P=0.019). There were no correlations between underweight and stunting and parents’ education or breast feeding. Our results indicated that although the prevalence of malnutrition is less than previous decade, it is still substantial. On the other hand it seems that the prevalence of overweight among children younger than 2 years is increasing. As childhood obesity is a risk factor for adulthood obesity and its related diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, prevention of obesity among children is of importance.

It is necessary to get information on nutrition situation in children and epidemiology of the malnutrition to use for planning and health policy making, therefore this study aimed to identify the role of human development on nutrition situation in children under-five years of old worldwide.
This ecological study was performed on the relation of the nutrition situation of children under 5 years of old and HDI. Data about the HDI and other indices were obtained from the UNDP database and Data about prevalence of wasting, stunting and overweight in children under 5 (%) were obtained from WHO. Correlation bivariate method were used to assessment of the correlation between the prevalence of nutrition status and the HDI.
Globally mean prevalence of stunting, wasting and overweight were 23.4 (21- 25.7), 6.2 (5.4- 7) and 7.1 (6.3- 8) percent respectively. There was a negative statistically significant correlation between prevalence of stunting and wasting with HDI and its components, physician per population, maternal mortality rate (P Stunting and wasting were common in low developed regions, while overweight mainly is a health problem in high development regions. HDI and its components can change the prevalence of malnutrition aspects across countries. Developed and developing countries need to provide more health education and preventive interventions about malnutrition in under- five children.

Prevalence of undernutrition in developing countries, though on the declining trend, is still a cause for alarm.The prevalence in India is among the highest in the world. In such a scenario,this study was undertaken to find out the nutritional status of under five children attending the pediatric OPD of a tertiary care hospital of North East india. The study was an OPD based cross sectional study carried out at the Pediatric OPD, NEIGRIHMS, Shillong.The study was carried out from 1stJanuary 2012 – 31st December 2012. Weight and Height was taken by trained staff following standard anthropometric techniques. A total of 6624 children aged 0-60 months were included in the study. A total of 6624 children aged 0-60 months were enrolled during 1st January 2012 – 31st December 2012 in the Pediatric OPD, NEIGRIHMS. Out of these, 6183 children were included in the present analyses. Overall the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was 19.7%, 35.5% and 8.5% respectively. Of these, 9.0%, 19.7% and 3.4% children were found to be severely underweight, stunted and wasted. It was observed that the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was significantly higher in boys than girls. Based on the World Health Organization classification of severity in malnutrition, the overall prevalence of underweight (>19%) and stunting (>30%) was high. While the prevalence rates of wasting (5–9%) were medium. The nutritional status of the subjects is unsatisfactory. There is scope for a detailed community based study and nutritional interventions.

To assess the overall nutritional status of Santal tribal preschool children of Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal, India. Methods and Materials: A cross sectional study was conducted from February 2012 to September, 2012 of a Santal community in the rural area of Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal. The study children were selected multi stage cluster sampling method. The level of underweight, stunting and wasting was assessed using standard deviation (SD) classification as against National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference standards. This study comprises of 299 (boys=153, girls=146) Santal preschool children age between 0-5 years to assess the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting. The overall prevalence of underweight was 65.2%, out of, 54.2% and 11.0% children are found to be moderate and severe underweight. It is found that the severe underweight was significantly higher among girls than boys (15.1% vs 7.2%, p<0.05). The girls had 2.3 fold greater risk of being severely underweight. Overall the prevalence of stunting was 54.2%. Among them, 31.4% and 22.7% children were experiencing moderate and severe stunting. Moreover, the overall prevalence of wasting was 20.1%, out of, 17.4% and 2.7% children were found to be moderate and severe wasting. According to World Health Organization (WHO) classification for assessing severity of malnutrition, this study found very high rates of malnutrition in the form of underweight, stunting and wasting, indicating a critical situation. Therefore, respective authority should be undertaken an effective public health strategy to combat child malnutrition among socio-economically vulnerable communities in India and adjoining countries.

Childhood malnutrition as a major public health problem among children in developing countries can affect physical and intellectual growth and is also considered as a main cause of child morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of under-nutrition and identify determinants of malnutrition among children under 6 years of age in Fars province, Iran. This survey was conducted by house to house visit through multi-stage sampling in 30 cities of Fars province, during December 2012 to January 2013. A total of 15408 children, aged 0–6 years old, were studied for nutritional assessment in terms of underweight, stunting, and wasting. Also, socio-demographic measures were obtained from structured questionnaire. Backward stepwise logistic regression was used to relate underlying factors to the odds of under-nutrition indices. The rates of stunting, underweight, and wasting were 9.53, 9.66, and 8.19%, respectively. Male children were more stunted compared to females (OR= 1.41, CI: 1.26–1.58). Also, stunting was significantly associated with lower family income (OR= 3.21, CI: 1.17–8.85) and lower maternal education (OR= 0.80, CI: 0.64–0.98). Living in urban areas, and poor water supply were identified as significant risk factors of all three types of childhood under-nutrition. Moreover, Khamse and Arab ethnic groups were more vulnerable to under-nutrition. There was a suggestion that non-access to health services were associated with wasting (OR= 1.87, CI: 1.39–2.52) and also large family size was related to underweight (OR= 1.35, CI: 1.10–1.65). The prevalence of under-nutrition in the study population was categorized in low levels. However, planning the public preventive strategies can help to control childhood under-nutrition according to underlying factors of malnutrition in the study population including gender, settlement area, family size, ethnicity, family income, maternal education, health services, and also safe water supply.

Anthropometric indices are widely used to assess the health and nutritional status of children The aim of the present study was determination of malnutrition and compare estimates of under nutrition among young children under 2 years of age from Birjand city of Iran using WHO growth standard and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) references. The cross‑sectional descriptive study conducted on 822 children under 2 years of age mean z scores for weight‑for‑age and height‑for‑age and prevalence underweight, stunting and wasting were calculated using the new WHO growth standards and compared with NCHS references. Compared with NCHS reference, the mean height for age were lower and mean weight for age scores were almost similar using the WHO standards. Prevalence underweight, stunting, and wasting using WHO standards were 5.2-8.2% and 1.9%, respectively, compared to 6.5-37.3% and 1% based on the NCHS references. Using WHO standards resulted differences in mean z score for height for age and changes in prevalence of stunting compared with NCHS references in Birjand city children.

Malnutrition is one of the most common hazards which compromise children’s health. Previous studies have reported high rates of malnutrition in Kohkilouyeh and Boyer Ahmad. This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of child malnutrition in Yasuj and to explore the association between family characteristics and malnutrition. Data were collected from healthcare files of 285 infants aged 18 months and younger in Yasuj health care centers. Data included demographic information and anthropometric measurements at birth and at the last referral to health centers. Rates of underweight, stunting, wasting, and low head circumference at birth were 17.9%, 13.4%, 27.8%, and 19%, and at the last referral they were 22.5%, 11.3%, 29%, and 15.5%, respectively. The frequency of underweight and wasting had significantly increased and that of stunting and low head circumference significantly decreased during the period between birth and the last referral. Birth wasting was significantly more common in younger mothers, families with fewer children, and shorter birth interval. Birth underweight and small head circumference was significantly associated with shorter birth interval. Child stunting was related to father’s education level and child wasting was associated with mother’s education. Parents’ education did not have any association with birth malnutrition. Wasting appeared to be the major form of malnutrition among infants in Yasuj. It was very high at birth, and continued to elevate after birth. Elevating educational level of parents (over Diploma), educating parents to keep sufficient interval between pregnancies, and paying more attention to young mothers and those who are delivering their first baby are among strategies to ameliorate child wasting.