جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « autism spectrum disorders » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The mental health of the parents of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), particularly the mothers, is poor due to the severity and complex nature of this condition, and they encounter numerous issues. This investigation aimed to determine whether happiness education affected mothers of children with ASD’s Expressed Emotions (EE) and Quality of Life (QoL).

A total of 70 mothers of children with ASD aged 3 to 13 years participated in this clinical trial study research. The experimental group received the Fordyce happiness training program once every 6 weeks via WhatsApp. In three stages, data were collected using a demographic form, the Family Questionnaire (FQ), and the World Health Organization Quality Of Life Instrument, Short Form (WHOQOL‑BREF) (before the intervention, immediately afterward, and 1 month later). In the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, the acquired data were analyzed using independent‑sample t</em>‑tests, Chi‑square tests, and repeated‑measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

There was no significant difference in EE and QoL mean scores between the two groups before the intervention, but after, the intervention group’s mean score of EE (20.91 (4.355)) was substantially lower than the control group’s (44.74 (4.77)) (p </em>< 0.001). In comparison, the intervention group’s mean score of QoL and its dimensions was more significant than the control group’s (p </em>< 0.001).

Given the efficacy of the happiness education program in reducing EE and enhancing QoL in mothers of children with ASD, such treatment strategies should be developed and used.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) begins in early childhood and has short-term and long-term effects in later life. Deficits in social communication, social interaction, and limited and repetitive behaviors characterize this disorder. We aimed to develop and design a registration system for ASD patients in Hamadan Province to have comprehensive and valuable epidemiological data for researchers about the frequency, distribution, and causes of ASD. This epidemiological information can help target prevention measures and plan care. By designing and developing a patient registry system for ASD, valuable uniform epidemiological information about the web of causes and consequences of ASD is available. The next step is to utilize valid and reliable information for public health, clinical, or policy purposes.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder described by problems in behavioral and social interactions, stereotyped interests, and repetitive actions. Although the quality of ASD services is one of the most important predictors of the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation interventions, it has received no research attention in Iran. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the quality of ASD services in the Ardabil and East-Azerbaijan provinces of Iran.

The target population of this cross-sectional study included the parents of 2-14-years-old children with ASD. To collect the required data, a questionnaire consisting of four sections inquiring about demographic, diagnostic, and behavioral features as well as the quality of services was used. Service quality had four domains including participation in decisions, care coordination, continuity of care, and timeliness. Data were analyzed using SPSS-19.

According to the results, the participation in decisions with a mean score of 66.84 (41.21) had the highest score. Also, the total score of quality of services was 61.69 (30.32), suggesting that the quality of services delivered to children with ASD was moderate.

Although the service quality score was above the average, the gap between the current situation and the ideal situation was large; therefore, there was an urgent need for making interventions to improve the quality of services.

Even if the symptoms during the acute phase are minimal, COVID-19 not only results in severe respiratory problems but also long-term consequences. Significant long-term consequences are now being identified as neurological and neuropsychiatric problems. The onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms brought on by a lengthy COVID might be challenging to detect and treat in patients with behavioral problems, such as those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this article, we describe three instances of ASD that showed a substantial worsening of neuropsychiatric symptoms after exposure to COVID-19 and subsequent difficulties controlling the post-COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms. The therapy intended to target COVID-19-induced immune reaction was delayed because Case 1 caught SARS-CoV-2 in the early phases of the epidemic. Case 2 had a verified COVID-19 exposure but showed no symptoms during the acute phase, however, she later had severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. Case 3 had a challenging course, in part because of underlying immunological dysregulation and the past use of many immunomodulating drugs. Significant variations in peripheral blood monocytes' generation of inflammatory and counter-regulatory cytokines were seen in cases 1 and 3, for which serial blood samples were taken. The instances discussed here show how COVID-19 has a significant impact on neuropsychiatric symptoms in ASD patients as well as how challenging it is to treat long-term COVID side effects.

Autism is a multifactorial neurodevelopment disease and it has not been disclosed asa hypoglutamatergic or hyperglutamathergic disease. Ceftriaxone is an antibiotic that increasesglutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) expression in the brain in chronic use. In our study we aimed toinvestigate the effects of different doses of ceftriaxone in postnatal period in male mice exposedto valproic acid (VPA) at 12.5th day of pregnancy.

A total of 96 BALB/c male mice were divided into 12 groups (n = 8 animals pergroup). Ceftriaxone (50, 100, 200 mg/kg/d) or saline was given to the male offsprings born frompregnant mice administered VPA and/or saline, between days 47 and 55. Dihydrokainic acid(10 mg/kg), a GLT-1 inhibitor, was administered intraperitoneally to evaluate whether GLT-1mediates the effect of ceftriaxone. Three chamber sociability and social interaction test and therota rod test were performed in all groups on days 54 and 55. GLT-1 levels in the hippocampuswere measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting (WB).

In our study, autism-like behaviors were observed in male offsprings that were exposedto VPA in the intrauterine period. Chronic ceftriaxone administration has no curative effect onbehavioral impairment seen in autism.

Our results show that ceftriaxone did not exert significant therapeutic effect onVPA-induced mouse model of autism.

The first three years of life are a critical period for development. Environmentalstimuli have positive effects on the development of speech and language.Language skills involve the development of expressive and receptive skillsamong children. Speech and language disorders during childhood haveimportant negative outcomes in the life of the child. Therefore, early detectionof children at risk in the preliminary phases of development and implementingearly intervention for them are very important. In this case study, the effectsof early language intervention in children with a developmental languagedisorder (DLD) was investigated. A twenty-seven-month-old child diagnosedwith an autism spectrum disorder )ASD) was evaluated in this case study.Occupation and speech therapy was performed for him. Results showed that theearly intervention was essential for improving the child’s communication, andproper environmental stimuli could prevent possible problems in the future. Inaddition, the results revealed that child professionals should not adopt a “waitand see” attitude for improving development.

The registry will provide adequate motivation for researchers to conduct various studies in numerous fields of medical and neuropsychological sciences.

Up to the present, no registry system for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been developed in Iran. Therefore, the present study aimed at the generation of the protocol to develop an informative system of ASD registry in Hamadan, one of the western cities of Iran.

Before conducting this protocol, screening of 18-month-old children for ASD was executed. A researcher-made questionnaire will be used for data collection. The Data Management website will keep under review all accomplished questionnaires through the registration process.

The developed registry system is a precious tool to survey ASD and accurately conceive the essence of the problem. In Hamadan, similar to other parts of Iran and on a larger scale worldwide, the number of children diagnosed with ASD is increasing.

The essential services and facilities will be provided for children with ASD and their affected families through the obtained information from this registry system. In addition, the obtained data from a large population by the registry system for ASD will induce researchers to discover environmental and genetic contributions to the etiological components of ASD.

 Improvement of the quality of life of people with developmental disorders and their full integration within society requires comprehensive mental, intellectual, and physical rehabilitation. To achieve a favorable outcome, rehabilitation should be delivered in a continuous manner and with small attrition. Research in this area is scarce.

 The current study aimed to determine the incidence of dropout from rehabilitation and its associated factors in children with developmental disorders.

 In this prospective study, we recruited 225 children with developmental disorders and their parent (s) seeking rehabilitation services for the first time. They attended different centers in all regions of Tehran during 2016 - 2017. We completed a checklist using semi-structured interviews. The follow-up was performed every three months for at least six months to record the dropout from rehabilitation and the associated factors. Data analysis included the chi-square test and logistic regression.

 The dropout rate was found to be 10.9% within three months and reached a total of 19.3% in six months. It was significantly associated with the following factors after eliminating confounding effects: (1) poor family satisfaction with the centers in three-month analysis (OR = 10.76; CI: 2.764 - 41.906, P = 0.001) and after six months (OR = 4.51; CI: 1.30 - 15.67, P < 0.02); (2) the type of service sectors (public and charity vs. private) (OR = 7.12; CI: 2.12 - 23.93, P = 0.002); (3) moderate severity of the developmental disorder in three-month analysis (OR = 4.55; CI: 1.24 - 16.78, P < 0.03); (4) child's perceived “lack of cooperation” in attending rehabilitation sessions in six months (OR = 6.79; CI: 1.42 - 32.53, P < 0.02); and (5) the type of developmental disability (specific learning disorder vs. others) in six months (OR = 6.68; CI: 2.85 - 15.65, P < 0.001). In the open questions, the high cost of services was stated as the most important reason for dropout.

 Our findings indicate that dropout was associated with family dissatisfaction with the low quality of services, mainly in the public and charity centers. Children with disabilities of moderate severity were most likely to drop out from rehabilitation. Specific learning disorders seem to be the most challenging type of disability that leads to the highest dropout rates. The findings provide opportunities for further research in this area and to gain more information to render rehabilitation services more efficiently.

This study aimed to examine the brain signals of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and use a method according to the concept of complementary opposites to obtain the prominent features or a pattern of EEG signal that represents the biological characteristic of such children. In this study, 20 children with the mean±SD age of 8±5 years were divided into two groups of normal control (NC) and ASD. The diagnosis and approval of individuals in both groups were conducted by two experts in the field of pediatric psychiatry and neurology. The recording protocol was designed with the most accuracy; therefore, the brain signals were recorded with the least noise in the awake state of the individuals in both groups. Moreover, the recording was conducted in three stages from two channels (C3-C4) of EEG ( referred to as the central part of the brain) which were symmetrical in function. In this study, the Mandala method was adopted based on the concept of complementary opposites to investigate the features extracted from Mandala pattern topology and obtain new features and pseudo-patterns for the screening and early diagnosis of ASD. The optimal feature here was based on different stages of processing and statistical analysis of Pattern Detection Capability (PDC). The PDC is a biomarker derived from the Mandala pattern for differentiating the NC from ASD groups.

Understanding the association among various disorders has remarkably improved their diagnosis and therapies. It has been observed that autism and inflammatory bowel diseases cause a sort of inflammation. Exploring the relationship between them will lead to discovering important involved genes and in turn will eventually help discover any possible common therapeutic protocols. The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation between autism spectrum disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases. The common genes associated with autism spectrum disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases were retrieved from DisGeNET. SFARI databases and were subjected to an in silico data analysis framework to explore predictive genes and the related pathways. Eleven genes including HLA-DRB1, MTHFR, PON1, IL6, MTOR, SETD2, GSTM1, APC, IFNG, SERPINE1, and MAPK1 regulated by YY1 and IRF1 transcription factors were characterized as discriminating molecules which by further screening were enriched in pathways mostly involved in neutrophil apoptosis, neutrophil homeostasis, chemokine biosynthesis and the regulation of immune system response. According to findings it can be stated that the identified common genes were associated with a wide range of pathogenic mechanisms.

participation in meaningful activities are important aspects of development in children with developmental disorder such as autism spectrum disorder. The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation of school participation with motor proficiency and executive function in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

In this cross-sectional (descriptive-analytic) study, 52 students aged 6 to 12 years old with ASD were selected through the convenience sampling method. The GARS-2 scale was used to confirm ASD diagnosis. Other psychiatric comorbidities such as ADHA were studied by the CSI-4 tool, and students with comorbidities were excluded. Data were collected using SFA, BOTMP-2, and BRIEF questionnaires. It should be noted that in the BRIEF questionnaire, a higher score indicates a more severe disability.

Our findings showed that motor proficiency and its components had a significant direct correlation with school participation in childrenwith ASD (P ≤0.001). On the other hand, school participation was inversely and significantly correlated with the behavioral regulation and metacognition monitoring indices of the executive function dimension (P <0.05).

Based on the findings of this research, the development of motor proficiency and improvements in the behavioral regulation andmetacognition monitoring of students with ASD will boost their participation in school activities. Motor proficiency was significantly correlated with school participation in children with ASD. More attention should be paid to perceptual motor interventions and cognitive rehabilitation programs (with a focus on monitoring metacognition and shifting behavioral regulation) to increase the participation of children with ASD in school activities.

 Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has three key features, i.e., disorders in social interactions, reciprocal communication problems, and restricted, repetitive behavioral patterns. A child with ASD affects parents and could create tension for parents. Making meaning in life can help parents cope with stressful events. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of group logotherapy on the meaning of life of mothers of children with ASD.

 This study was a randomized clinical trial incorporating a pre-test, post-test, and control group. To this end, 40 mothers of children with ASD were selected and randomly allocated into two experimental (n=20) and control groups (n=20). The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) was used to collect data. The research group received ten sessions of 90 minutes logotherapy twice per week, and the control group received a routine intervention. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software, along with descriptive statistical, mean, chi-square, Levene’s, and t tests.

 The results demonstrated significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the mean score of meaning in life after administering logotherapy intervention (P<0.001).

 The results indicated that group instruction using the logotherapy approach affected the meaning in life of mothers of children with ASD.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a category of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social and communication impairment and restricted or repetitive behaviors. The pathogenesis of ASD is not well understood and it’s proved that genetic is strongly associated with ASD in 5 to 25% of cases. Inborn errors of metabolism(IEMs), defined by a vast array of disorders that are caused by specific enzyme deficiencies or transport protein defects, is as frequent as in 1 in 800 births. IEMs can manifest several psychiatric or behavioral manifestations such as self-injuriesincreased activity and aggression, personality changes, paranoia, depression, catatonia, and psychosis. IEMs underlie autistic symptoms in less than 5% of cases. The literature on the association between ASD and respiratory chain abnormalities is growing, including complex III/IV deficiency and MELAS (mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) syndrome, as well as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Google Scholar, Pubmed, and SCOPUS databases were searched using a combination of the following keywords: “autism spectrum disorder”, “autism spectrum”, “autistic feature” and “inborn error of metabolism”, “ IEM”, “congenital error of metabolism”. Initially, 655 articles were found and our expert and methodologist altogether selected 187 articles based on the titles, relevance, and text language. After reading full texts, 37 studies were selected for review. We think it’s best to consider IEMs in children with syndromic ASD and/or if there is a strong familial history of autism or parental consanguineous marriage.