جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « bax » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Endometriosis is a chronic, gynecological disorder, and the disease's pathogenesis is still debatable. Genes related to apoptosis have been revealed to be deregulated in endometriosis.

This study investigates the relationship between polymorphic variants of Bax -248G>A and Bcl-2 -938C>A promoter regions with endometriosis risk in an Iranian population.

In this case-control study, the polymorphisms of Bax -248G>A and Bcl-2 -938C>A promoter regions were analyzed in 127 Iranian cases and 125 controls who were referred to Ali-ibn-Abi Taleb Educational hospital, Zahedan, Iran between May 2022 and February 2023. The genotypic analysis was performed for all the subjects using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.

The frequencies of mutant allele A carriers and the A allele of Bax -248G>A polymorphism showed about 2-fold significant increase of endometriosis risk (p = 0.04; p = 0.01, respectively). The frequencies of the mutant genotype AA and A allele carriers of Bcl-2 -938C>A polymorphism were approximately 4 and 2.5-fold higher in endometriosis compared to the control women, which were highly significant (p > 0.001). Moreover, the allele A frequency of Bcl-2 -938C>A was associated with a 2-fold higher risk of endometriosis (p > 0.001). Furthermore, the combination effects of these 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms showed that women with Bax -248G>A GG and Bcl-2 -938C>A AA variant alleles were associated with about 5 times higher risk of endometriosis (p > 0.001). Notably, a significant difference was observed in mutant allele distribution between minimal/mild (stage I and II) and moderate/severe (stage III and IV) women with endometriosis disease.

The results of our study provide evidence that Bcl-2 -938C>A and Bax -248G>A single nucleotide polymorphisms might be associated with the risk of endometriosis.

The B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein is one of the members of the BCL-2 associated X (BAX) protein family that acts as an inducer of apoptosis.

The present study aims to investigate the association between BAX and BCL-2 gene expression with reproductive outcome, in cases undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

In this case-control study, 50 men were divided into the healthy fertile and oligoasthenoteratozoospermic infertile men (n = 25/each). They were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, and semen analysis. Expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The DNA fragmentation index was measured using the sperm chromatin dispersion assay technique. Using World Health Organization criteria, sperm parameters were evaluated.

Evaluation of apoptosis-related genes showed that oligoasthenoteratozoospermic significantly increased mRNA expression of BAX, and significantly decreased mRNA expression of BCL-2, when compared with control. Moreover, the BAX/BCL-2 ratio was significantly higher in oligoasthenoteratozoospermic compared to the normozoospermic group (p = 0.01). Also, this study showed that the BAX and BCL-2 genes expression had a significant correlation with sperm quality, and DNA fragmentation in the oligoasthenoteratozoospermic group (p = 0.01). The oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men, had a considerably lower proportion of fertilization rate and good-quality embryos at the cleavage stage than the normozoospermic subjects (p = 0.01). A significant correlation was observed between the expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes, fertilization, and embryo quality (p = 0.01).

We concluded that the sperm BAX/BCL-2 ratio demonstrates a significant correlation with fertilization rate and embryo quality.

Royal jelly (RJ) has a broad range of pharmaceutical activities, including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-tumor, and anti-apoptotic. The current study aimed to investigate RJ impacts on cell survival by measuring the amount of telomerase enzyme, protein BCL2, and BAX in different tissues of rats.

In this study, male Wistar rats (n=21) were randomly divided into 3 groups; Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 and group 3 were treated with royal jelly at a concentration of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg for 30 days, respectively. The contents of Bax, BCL-2, and telomerase in the tissues Brain, Liver, Kidney, and lymphocytes were measured using the ELISA method.

Telomerase increased in all the tissues involved in both treatment groups compared to the control group; however, the changes were not statistically significant. Although BAX and BCL-2 proteins showed irregular patterns, the ratio of BAX/BCL-2 declined in almost all the studied tissues with a significant decline in the rats’ liver and kidney treated with RJ at the dose of 300 mg/kg and in the lymphocytes of the group administered 150 mg/kg of RJ.

RJ appears to have potential anti-apoptotic effects on the rats’ tissues studied via regulating the levels of BAX, BCL-2, and telomerase proteins. Regarding telomerase, its levels increased in a dose-dependent manner in all involved tissues. Concerning the ratio of BAX/BCL-2, it is sensible to conclude that RJ tends to positively impact the cell survival rate at the dose of 300 mg/kg in the brain, Liver, and Kidney. Nonetheless, this ratio decreased more significantly at the dose of 150 mg/kg in lymphocytes, showing more potential to survive brain cells in this concentration.

  For patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the long-term survival rate is still very low. This study examines the effects on AML cell lines of an indole chemical in its free and liposomal forms.

In this experimental case control study, an AML-originated KG-1 cell line was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium. The cells were treated with the free and liposomal forms of an indole compound (C18H10N2F6O) at different concentrations of 20, 40, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL after they attained the proper confluence. The cellular metabolic activity was examined by an MTT assay. The expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes was investigated by q-PCR to assess the apoptotic effect of that compound. The analysis was also done between each experimental group and the control group using t-test. P<0.05 was assumed significant.

Based on the MTT assay, the lethal effective dose of free indole was found to be 245.1 µg/ml and 164.8 µg/ml in 24 and 48 hours, respectively. The corresponding values for liposomal indole were 47.2 µg/ml and 40.6 µg/ml. Furthermore, treatment with free and liposomal forms of indole resulted in a decline in the expression level of the BCL-2 gene. However, in the case of the liposomal compound, this decrease was only statistically significant after 48 hours of treatment (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of BAX gene increased after treatment with both free and liposomal forms of indole, but it significantly increased only after treatment with the liposomal compound (p < 0.05).

These results suggest that an indole derivative, especially when liposomal, causes apoptosis in AML cells, hence exhibiting cytotoxic effects. To confirm the potential usefulness of this indole derivative as a therapeutic agent for inhibiting tumor progression in the setting of human malignancies, more studies on physiologically relevant models are necessary.

Testicular torsion is very common in urological emergencies, which damages testicular tissue and reproductive function. Safranal, known for its robust antioxidant properties, has demonstrated effective inhibition of ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in various tissues such as the hippocampus, cerebral, and skeletal muscles. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Safranal on testicular tissue following IRI.

This research involved 48 male adult Wistar rats. They were randomly divided into six groups: control, testicular torsion/detorsion (TD), torsion and detorsion/safranal (0.1, 0.5 mg/kg, ip), and safranal control groups (0.1, 0.5 mg/kg, ip). Under anesthesia, the left testicular torsion was induced for four hours, 30 minutes before detorsion, a single dose of safranal was injected. After 24 hours of reperfusion, assessments encompassing oxidative markers, estradiol, testosterone, LH hormone, sperm parameters, testicular histopathology, and gene expression were conducted on blood and tissue samples.

Heightened seminiferous epithelia (HE) was observed in the TD groups receiving safranal (TD+Sa 0.1, 0.5). There was a significant increase in sperm count and a notable reduction in abnormal sperm count compared to the TD group. Also, the expression of the Bax gene significantly decreased in comparison to the TD group. In rats receiving 0.1 mg/ kg of safranal, there was an improvement in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Although not statistically significant, the TD+Sa groups exhibited slightly enhanced levels of estradiol, testosterone, and LH compared to the TD group.

These findings suggest that safranal may protect testicular tissue from IRI through antioxidant and antiapoptotic pathways.

In addition to oxidative stress, the apoptosis of liver cells plays a main role in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the main mechanisms of the response of liver cell apoptosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) models caused by a high-fat diet, as well as the effects of exercise with and without calorie restriction on these mechanisms, have not been assessed to date.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two exercise protocols with and without calorie restriction on apoptosis and liver damage in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Sixty-four male Wistar rats were subjected to a high-fat diet for eight weeks and were divided randomly into eight groups: Control, calorie restriction (CR), aerobic exercise (AE), and aerobic exercise + calorie restriction (AC) for eight and twelve weeks. Also, two groups of rats that had normal and free access to food werenamedsham groups. The training groups exercised on the treadmill for five sessions a week for eight and twelve weeks. Two-way ANOVA was utilized for data analysis at a significance level of 0.05.

According to the findings, in both 8- and 12-week protocols, the expression of Bax proteins in the exercise and exercise + calorie restriction groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Also, Bcl-2 protein expression significantly increased in the exerciseandexercise+calorie restriction groups than the controlgroup(P< 0.05). The training groups showed no significant difference between the 8- and 12-week protocols.

It was revealed that exercise with and without caloric restriction and independent of the protocol duration can improve the apoptosis of hepatocytes in NAFLD.

Ziziphus jujube Mill. belongs to the Rhamnaceae family. It has been reported to have a variety of biological activities such as antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigates the antiproliferative effect of Ziziphus jujube on KG-1 and NALM-6 acute leukemia cell lines.

In this experimental study, the aqueous, ethyl acetate, and hydroalcoholic extracts of the Ziziphus jujube were prepared. Total phenolic and flavonoid components were detected because the presence of these compounds is associated with antioxidant and anticancer effects. Different concentrations of extracts were prepared, and KG-1 and NALM-6 cell lines were treated with them at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours. Cell viability and IC50 values of the extracts were calculated using MTT assays. BD Cycle TEST PLUS DNA Kit was used for cell cycle progression analysis. Bcl2, Bax, and caspase-3 mRNA expressions were also assessed.

Cell viability decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. The best efficacy belonged to the ethyl acetate extract. Investigation of cell cycle progression demonstrated that the number of G0/G1 cells enhanced and the number of G2/M cells decreased when the ethyl acetate extract was applied in its IC50 concentration. A considerable increase in Caspase-3 and Bax and a decrease in Bcl2 gene expression were detected in molecular examination.

According to our research, Ziziphus jujube ethyl acetate extract has antitumor properties on KG-1 and NALM-6 cell lines, possibly through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle regulation.

 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are undifferentiated cells with the ability of multi-potency, pluripotency, and self-renewal. MSCs show great promise in cancer therapy due to their unique features. MSC secrete various cytokines with multifunctional properties, although their roles are unclear.

 We have investigated the influence of secreted cytokines from MSCs on KG-1 cells as a cell model of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). For this purpose, following the culture and characterization of MSCs, a trans-well system was used for co-culturing MSCs and KG-1. To determine apoptosis induction Ki/Caspase-3 assay was conducted for cultured KG-1 alone and in co-culture with MSCs (10:1) on day 7. In the following step, the protein was isolated from both groups (control and experimental) and western blotting was done for investigating the BAX and BCL-2 proteins expression.

 It was found that MSCs significantly enhanced caspase-3 activity in KG-1 cells (P<0.05). Besides, A significant increase in protein expression of BAX was detected, while BCL-2 displayed a dramatic reduction (P<0.01).

 As a concluding remark, MSCs have a contributory role in the apoptosis of KG-1 cells that is mediated by Caspase-3, BAX, and BCL2 expression.

Tissue dysfunction might be the result of reactions between free radicals and cell membranes. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of cell vulnerability and assessment of the effect of intense intermittent exercise and curcumin supplementation on apoptotic and antiapoptotic factors in Wistar rats.

For the study, 60 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided to 5 groups (n = 8) of saline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), high intensity interval training (HIIT) + oxygenated Water, Curcumin Supplement + Oxygenated Water, and HIIT + Curcumin Supplement + Oxygenated Water. Rats were treated with H2O2 in the amount of 1 mmol/kg of body weight three times a week on even days and curcumin, 150 m g/kg of body weight, daily. Treadmill running program was performed for 8 weeks. Real-time PCR was applied to assess Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) genes expression. Data were analyzed by using the Two-way ANOVA.

The induction of oxidative stress by H2O2 increased expression of Bax, and decreased expression of Bcl-2 in hippocampus of rats (P = 0.0001). HIIT and curcumin supplementation decreased expression of Bax, and increased expression of Bcl-2, Also, decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (P = 0.0001).

This finding showed that doing HIIT and taking curcumin supplements have been able to decreas oxidative stress, and the effect of both together could further reduce the apoptotic process.

 Breast cancer, as the most common malignancy among women, is shown to have a high mortality rate and resistance to chemotherapy. Research has shown the possible inhibitory role of Mesenchymal stem cells in curing cancer. Thus, the present work used human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (hAFMSCs-CM) as an apoptotic reagent on the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.

 Conditioned medium (CM) was prepared from hAFMSCs. After treating MCF-7 cells with CM, a number of analytical procedures (MTT, real-time PCR, western blot, and flow cytometry) were recruited to evaluate the cell viability, Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression, P53 protein expression, and apoptosis, respectively. Human fibroblast cells (Hu02) were used as the negative control. In addition, an integrated approach to meta-analysis was performed.

 The MCF-7 cells’ viability was decreased significantly after 24 hours (P < 0.0001) and 72 hours (P < 0.05) of treatment. Compared with the control cells, Bax gene’s mRNA expression increased and Bcl-2’s mRNA expression decreased considerably after treating for 24 hours with 80% hAFMSCs-CM (P = 0.0012, P < 0.0001, respectively); an increasing pattern in P53 protein expression could also be observed. The flow cytometry analysis indicated apoptosis. Results from literature mining and the integrated meta-analysis showed that hAFMSCs-CM is able to activate a molecular network where Bcl2 downregulation stands in harmony with the upregulation of P53, EIF5A, DDB2, and Bax, leading to the activation of apoptosis.

 Our finding demonstrated that hAFMSCs-CM presents apoptotic effect on MCF-7 cells; therefore, the application of hAFMSCs-CM, as a therapeutic reagent, can suppress breast cancer cells’ viabilities and induce apoptosis.

Vanadium is an essential dietary microelement that plays a key role in the metabolic pathways and has anti-neoplastic effects. In this regard, vanadium oxide 3-methoxy salen complex was produced and its anticancer effects were evaluated.

Schiff bases produced from equivamounts of Vanadyl acetylacetonate [VO(acac)2] in methanol were used to make a vanadium oxide 3-methoxy salen complex. Then, antioxidant property of compound, cell viability and cytotoxicity assay, DNA fragmentation analysis and determination of the apoptosis pathway genes were evaluated.

Result showed that compound with an RC50 value of 126.3 µM, the compound demonstrated considerable free radical scavenging activity. The combination strongly suppressed the viability and proliferation of HeLa and McCoy cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 213 µM and 175 µM, respectively. When the viability and cytotoxicity values of the treated cells were compared, it was discovered that the cells had died of apoptosis, which was validated by DNA fragmentation analysis. Capspase 3, Bcl2 antagonist/killer, and Bcl2 associated X protein (Bax) gene expression levels all increased significantly in a quantitative investigation of apoptotic pathway genes, with 2-CT values of 2.36, 2.63, and 3.18, respectively.

In malignant cell lines, lower quantities of the complex caused programmed cell death. This potential of complex can be used in cancer chemoprevention and cancer therapy.

Hyperthermia can cause infertility in men following an increase in testicular temperature. Oxidative stress has been found to be one of its major causes. In the present study, the effects of iron superoxide nanoparticles on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax family genes were studied.

A total of 48 adult rats were purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran. The rats were later divided into 4 groups: control group, control group receiving superoxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3), hyperthermia group, h’:yperthermia group receiving superoxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3). After RNA extraction, evaluating the sperm parameters and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 genes was examined using RT-PCR technique.

Exposure to iron superoxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3) decreased sperm parameters, increased proapoptotic BAX gene and decreased expression of BCL2 anti-apoptotic gene.

Exposure to nanoparticles by reducing sperm parameters and increasing apoptosis has a negative effect on fertility. The association between infertility and testicular hyperthermia is becoming increasingly apparent; administration of iron superoxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles can have significant effects on male infertility. Moreover, green synthesis of nanoparticles is also recommended in this field.

The ovarian Ischemia/reperfusion is one of the gynecological emergency concerns that may lead to the ovary damage and folliculogenesis. The present research aimed to evaluate the impact of the Chrysin (CH) on the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rat model.

In this experimental research, 48 adult female rats, 8 weeks age and 180-200 g weight, have been categorized into 6 equal groups (n=8) including one sham and 5 ovarian torsion groups (OT+CH groups) that received different treatments. Each group has been treated 30 min before detorsion with gavage of CH or normal saline for 1 week and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) has been injected on the day 5 for initiating folliculogenesis. Finally, bio-chemical, molecular, histopathological, apoptotic and hormonal evaluations were performed.

The anti-oxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, ameliorated in the ovarian tissues of the OT+CH groups in comparison with the OT group (P<0.001). Moreover, the level of serum Luteinizing hormone considerably declined and estradiol level (P<0.001), partly enhanced in the rats treated with CH in comparison with the ones in the OT group (P<0.05). In addition, histopathological scores of the OT+CH groups ameliorated in comparison with the OT group scores (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression Caspase-3 and Bax genes were significantly increased while the expression of Bcl-2 was notably decreased in the OT group in comparison with the sham group (P<0.05).

Here, it seems that CH is possibly beneficial for the protection of ovaries against reperfusion injury and ischemia.