جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « dengue » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Mosquitoes are hematophagous carriers for hundreds of pathogenic viruses that are the etiological agents of human diseases. Malaria, Zika fever, chikungunya and dengue fever, etc., are among the diseases that mosquitoes are involved in transmitting. In nature, mosquito-borne viruses maintain a life cycle between mosquitoes and vertebrates. Malaria, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding mosquito ecology is crucial for malaria control efforts. Zika fever, associated with severe neurological complications, has emerged as a global concern, primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Urbanization facilitates the proliferation of Aedes populations, exacerbating viral transmission. Chikungunya, spread by Aedes mosquitoes, has expanded beyond endemic regions due to international travel, causing fever, rash, and joint pain. Dengue fever, caused by dengue viruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, witnesses a global resurgence, with climate factors influencing disease transmission dynamics. Effective mosquito control strategies are essential for mitigating the impact of these vector-borne diseases on global health. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of mosquito-borne diseases on human health and explore strategies for prevention and management.

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus responsible for transmitting severe viruses, such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika, pose a significant health threat in India. Challenges in vector control, including insecticide resistance and limited progress in vaccine development, coupled with factors like climate change and urbanization, contribute to an extensive expansion of mosquito habitats and disease transmission. However, the existing literature on how these factors influence mosquito behavior, genetic architecture, and virus transmission patterns in different regions of India is insufficient.

This scoping review conducted a thorough search across online databases, such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. The keywords that were used were as follows: “Ae. Aegypti,” “Ae. albopictus,” “breeding habitat,” “feeding preference,” “genetic diversity,” “virus transmission,” “dengue,” “chikungunya,” “Zika,” and “India.” The online search, conducted from October to November 2023, focused on English-language articles from 2013 to November 2023. The inclusion criteria encompassed articles addressing Aedes behavior, genetic diversity, and disease transmission, while the exclusion criteria removed non-Aedes mosquito studies and duplicates. Article quality was manually checked and assessed.

The literature survey spanning the past ten years categorized the data into the following four subgroups: “Arboviral disease,” “arbovirus transmission,” “Aedes mosquito behavior,” and “genetic diversity.” The data synthesis emphasized the need to focus on Aedes mosquito breeding habitats and virus transmission patterns in common dengue endemic regions, like Delhi, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh in India. However, research on feeding behavior and genetic diversity is scarce. Hence, more research should be conducted in these areas. 

This analysis highlights critical gaps in our understanding, emphasizing the necessity for detailed mapping, studying virus evolution, socio-epidemiological research, and using advanced technologies for real-time monitoring. Understanding the complex relationships between blood-feeding patterns, host preferences, and diverse breeding habitats is crucial for effective disease control.

The burden of dengue and chikungunya diseases across geographical regions of India is poorly quantified more so during Covid19 pandemic and from hospital-based studies. The objective was to assess the prevalence of dengue and chikungunya in the study mainly area and to visualize the spatial distribution of dengue and chikungunya cases using the Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS).

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the population in villages coming under a medical college’s rural field practice area near Bangalore. A total of 31 villages were selected through a simple random sampling method and 3356 subjects were surveyed through household visits. QGIS was used for spatial mapping of cases.

3356 subjects were surveyed, and the prevalence of dengue and chikungunya was 1.13% and 0.02%, re-spectively. The overall prevalence of dengue and chikungunya cases together was 1.16%. All 39 (100%) cases had reported fever and 31 cases (79.5%) reported myalgia followed by arthralgia 22 (56.4%). QGIS supported spatial mapping of the cases and no clustering of cases was found in the study area.

The burden of dengue and chikungunya is under reported, and the surveillance system needs to be strengthened in the rural area. QGIS was found to be useful in the spatial mapping of the cases and there was no cluster-ing of cases observed.

 This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a dengue intervention program in economically deprived urban regions of India, with a particular emphasis on housing conditions and community involvement. Given the global significance of dengue fever as a vector-borne disease, successful vector management requires effective community engagement.

Study Design:

 A quasi-experimental study.

 This study was conducted with 314 participants from Delhi’s Sanjay Colony, divided into control and intervention groups. The study spanned 14 months (August 2020 to September 2021). The intervention program comprised two educational sessions held one month apart, covering dengue awareness, health self-care, and environmental maintenance. Data were collected at baseline, after each intervention session, and during a final follow-up assessment three months later.

 The primary outcome, the house index (HI), revealed statistically significant differences (P<0.001) favoring the intervention group. The total score (TS) for mosquito-borne disease, TS of knowledge, TS of attitude, and TS of practices all exhibited significant improvements in the intervention group. Participants showed an enhanced understanding of dengue causes, symptoms, and mosquito behavior related to breeding and biting. The HI in the intervention group decreased significantly from 21.65% to 4.45% (P<0.05).

 This study, grounded in the health belief model (HBM), demonstrated the effectiveness of the intervention program in reducing HI and improving knowledge and preventive practices regarding dengue fever in impoverished urban neighborhoods of Delhi. The intervention program may be beneficial in such a poor urban community.

 In developing countries, lately dengue has become the most common cause of admission for fever with other infections such as malaria, enteric fever and leptospirosis on the decline. The differential diagnosis is usually sorted by serological investigation such as NS1 antigen; IgG and IgM for Dengue, though are confirmatory are expensive. The diagnosis of dengue is very important considering the sudden decline in the health of a patient due to thrombocytopenia and management of dengue which hinges on hydrating the patients and managing thrombocytopenia.  The aim of this study was to study the correlation between newer parameter high fluorescent lymphocyte count (HFLC) with platelet count and dengue serology (NS1 antigen and IgM antibody).

We conducted a study at R. L. Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre, a rural tertiary and academic teaching hospital attached to Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College with a prospective study period of twelve months and between June 2019 to May 2020. A total of 386 samples were analyzed for complete blood count, Dengue serology, and HFLC count and percentage. The data was entered in excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS 22 software.

 The newer WBC index namely, HFLC Count correlated negatively with platelet count (r = -0.28, p < 0.05) and positively with lymphocyte percentage (r = 0.506, p < 0.05). The parameters that were statistically significant include WBC count, RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, RDW, PDW, MPV, PLCR, PCT, Neutrophil %, lymphocyte %, monocyte %, IgG%, HFLC count, HFLC % and Days in hospital including a difference in findings of these parameters between the dengue sero-positive and dengue sero-negative groups who came to the hospital with fever. Thus, highlighting that they can be used as a hint while starting prophylactic treatment until results are available when it is an emergency or when the results are delayed or in resource-limited settings in the periphery due to lack of availability of cost of serological tests.

In resource-limited settings, HFLC percentage and count could be used as a low cost and reliable biomarker for diagnosis and assessing the severity of dengue infection in resource-limited settings.

Dengue fever has become a major public health problem in many world regions due to increased trade, travel, and problems controlling Aedes vectors. This policy brief aims to review, analyze, and present evidence-based policies for dengue prevention and control.

The present research is a compilation of a policy brief in Iran, carried out in 3 stages according to its methodology. In the first stage, the problem’s justification and description were provided systematically by examining scientific documents by searching national and international scientific databases, websites, guidelines, and books. In the second stage, the first author prepared a draft of the priority elements related to the policy framework and discussed them with other authors. In the third stage, the draft questions were categorized and summarized, and subsequently, the policies were compiled in close discussion with all authors.

According to the recommendations of the best available evidence in the literature, 5 policy options were presented for the prevention and control of dengue fever as follows: 1) developing basic, applied, and innovative research; 2) strengthening the capacity and capability of the human, infrastructural, and health system in all relevant sectors for the surveillance, control, monitoring, and evaluation; 3) strengthening inter- and intra-sectoral coordination and collaboration; 4) community engagement and mobilization; and 5) scaling up of functions and integrating tools. 

To increase the long-term impact of policies, it is recommended to use an integrated approach with the continuous support of all stakeholders (local, national, and regional).

Dengue cases in pregnancy have high morbidity and mortality. More so if it leads to immune thrombocytopenic purpura which causes a drastic decrease in platelet, increasing chances of bleeding and mortality and pregnancy itself being a state of hemodynamic instability.

Case report:

 Here, we present a case of dengue causing secondary immune thrombocytopenia. Managing these cases is challenging and need a multidisciplinary approach and should be done at a higher center. In previous reports, thrombocytopenia in such cases responded to steroids or IVIG. But in our case patient did not respond to either of them but to Romiplostim. There are only a few studies on the use of Romiplostim in dengue and dengue induced ITP and more study is required.

Dengue induced persistent thrombocytopenia is rare but should always be kept in mind in managing these cases.

Vaccines for emerging arboviral diseases that should be a global priority, in a combined strategy with vector control, are being neglected, affecting particularly the poorest populations worldwide. The object of our investigation is to identify the breakthroughs in vaccine innovation for four leading emerging neglected arboviral diseases (Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika and Yellow Fever). From this perspective we examine vaccine patent document applicants by stage of technological development of different vaccine platforms, including the different partnerships established by these applicants.

From a patent landscape approach, we defined  methodological strategies for a hybrid search in two different databases (Derwent Innovation Index and Cortellis Drug Discovery Intelligence) that allowed us to identify the stages of technological development of the vaccines to prevent/treat these four arboviral diseases, making it possible to identify the successful ones that go to clinical trials and the partnerships among private and public institutions, which promote continuity of the development/production process.

Our results confirm these gaps for Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika and Yellow Fever vaccines, with only 13% of these vaccines still under active development and prospect to reach the final stages of development. They also indicate that, in spite of this constraint, innovative platforms such as RNA-based vaccines are increasingly being used to prevent/ treat these diseases. 

We propose urgently strengthening funding and incentive mechanisms in a Global Strategic Plan supported by new business models and community participation to accelerate vaccine development for these four neglected arboviral diseases, a dramatic and concerning global issue in post-COVID-19 era.

Mosquito-Borne Diseases (MBDs) are still a health problem faced, especially in developing countries. Reducing the number of mosquitoes can be done by breaking the reproduction chain by getting rid of places that become nests. This systematic review aims to get an idea of what strategies or efforts can improve or change people's behavior in eradicating mosquito nests.

This review was done using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Literature searches were conducted several databases such as Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Wiley Online Library and Google Scholar on published articles between 2010 and 2021. At first, the screening process was conducted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, the full text of the remaining articles was read carefully, and eligible articles was selected according to the objectives of the study. Next, the methodological quality of the selected papers was reviewed, and the required information was extracted from those with acceptable quality. Sixteen studies met the criteria for this systematic review.

Based on data extraction in the 16 eligible articles, five strategies or efforts to improve community behavior towards mosquito nets eradication was presented include Door-to-Door monitoring of house conditions, using control cards, empowering groups in the community (SHG), health education with the SGD approach, and promote the prevention of MBDs through social media.

All the strategies in this study are adequate for the community, but the pattern that should be done is to find out the root of the problem early (bottom-up). Communities need to be mediated to recognize their environment better, what they need related to health problems, especially MBDs.

Early diagnosis and prognostication of infections such as dengue are crucial for better patient outcome, as they help predict the likelihood of patients developing severe dengue, allowing more comprehensive patient triage and therapeutic interventions. This study aimed to determine clinical, laboratory, and radiological factors predicting prognosis in dengue infection.

This prospective observational study included 250 patients seropositive for dengue. They were classified into categories of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome; and evaluated on admission as well as at the end of their hospital course, the latter for factors responsible for progression of dengue to severe dengue. Data were statistically analyzed using R 3.6.1, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Final diagnosis correlated significantly with systolic blood pressure (P=0.004), lowest platelet count (p<0.001), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (P=0.001), urine protein (p<0.001), urine red blood cells (p<0.001), pleural effusion (P=0.0064), serositis (p<0.001), vomiting (p <0.001), rash (p <0.001), restlessness (p <0.001), and bleeding manifestations (p<0.001).

The prognosis of dengue is significantly associated with blood pressure, lowest platelet count, serum transaminases, serum creatinine, proteinuria, hematuria, pleural effusion, abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, rash, restlessness, serositis, and bleeding manifestations. Monitoring these parameters is useful for the effective management of dengue.

 Dengue fever is caused by any one of four types of dengue viruses (DEN1-DEN4), spread mainly by Aedes aegypti. India had the largest number of dengue cases, with about 33 million apparent and another 100 million asymptomatic infections occurring annually. The patients typically present with the sudden onset of fever, frontal headache, retroorbital pain. The laboratory diagnosis can be made by IgM ELISA or by NS1 antigen-detection ELISA during the acute phase. This research was conducted from January 2018 to December 2018 at Sir T. hospital and Government Medical College in Bhavnagar, Gujarat. The patients having complaints of fever, headache, myalgia, arthralgia or rash, were clinically examined, and laboratory investigated for dengue with NS1 and/or IgM dengue antibody. A total of 536 patients was screened, of which 112 patients were diagnosed as dengue fever at 21% dengue positivity rate, based on detection of NS1 (46/304, 15%), and anti-dengue IgM (66/232, 28%) in their sera. The majority of the patients were males (77/112, 69%). The majority of patients were in 11–30 years’ age group (66/316, 21%). Fever (100%) was the chief presenting complaint, followed by headache (83, 93%), and myalgia (79, 89%). The highest number (28) of dengue patients was observed in the month of October 2018. According to this study results, the physicians in the dengue-endemic area should be aware of dengue in acute febrile illnesses and use the appropriate laboratory tests such as NS1 antigen and IgM antibodies for early dengue diagnosis. This can help clinicians to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with dengue.

Community vulnerability is influenced by the low participation of the community in Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN). PSN is an activity done by society independently in their respective environment to eliminate mosquito-breeding places by 3 M (Menguras, Menutup, Mengubur). We aimed to prove the relationship between knowledge and practice of the community in PSN with the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), beside to describe the map of vulnerability of the community in endemic areas of DHF.

This study used case control design. The population of this research is the community in the area of Puskesmas Kembaran 1 and 2. The samples were taken from Bojongsari villageas, Banyumas districtis, Indonesia one of the endemic areas of DHF from Jan 2014- Dec 2015. The number of samples was 62 respondents.

The community in endemic areas of knowledge about dengue was mostly good (55%) but in practice PSN was mostly less (56%). There was no correlation of knowledge with the incidence of DHF (P=0.444) and there was an association of DHF occurrence with PSN practice (P=0.010) and the vulnerability map showing many negative DHF residents living close to dengue cases.

Community vulnerability in DHF endemic areas is dominated by densely populated settlements, Slum environmental conditions, and PSN practices are lacking. Mobilization of all components of the communityis required to participate in prevention of DHF.

Pakistan has recently been overwhelmed by extreme torrential rains, with its most populous city of Karachi experiencing its worst floods in almost a century. Poor flood control and water disposal facilities have led to an immense risk of another dengue outbreak, with multiple cases being reported recently. The enormous accumulation of stagnant water in urban areas is a major source of mosquito breeding and transmission. Historical data has shown the correlation between the number of dengue cases and average rainfall in the region. The monsoon rains have pounded at a time where health authorities are battling to contain the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. There is a need to implement centralized dengue control strategies to undertake large scale water drainage, sanitation, and disinfection drives in disaster-stricken areas alongside public health awareness programs to combat the after-effects of this natural calamity.

Co-infections are common in tropical countries and can be present with the overlapping of clinical features. The diagnosis of co-infection poses a challenge to the treating physician. We report a varicella child who was presented with persisting fever even after the formation of scabs along with conjunctival suffusion. Her platelets were persistently less than 50000/mm3 for 3 days and her serology was positive for the dengue infection.

Dear Editor, Dengue is an important arbovirus infection. This infection can result in an acute febrile illness. The important hematological abnormalities included hemoconcentration and thrombocytopenia (1). Due to the decreased platelet count, the patient might develop petechiae and hemorrhagic complication. In endemic area, the presumptive diagnosis of dengue is usually derived by the clinical findings (1). Sometimes, the atypical clinical presentation of dengue can be seen. The dengue without thrombocytopenia is possible and might be difficult for diagnosis (2). Here, the authors present an interesting case of dengue with platelet count and no hemocon-centration.  The automated hematogram can help explain the aberrant complete blood count finding.  The patient was a 13 years old female patient. The chief complaint was high fever for 4 days and petechiae for 1 day. The tourniquet test was positive. The complete blood count was done and the hemoglobin level was 12.4 g/dL and platelet count was 276,000/mm3. In the present case, there was no thrombocytopenia and no hemo-concentration. However, the autoamted hematogram (Figure 1) showed flag that platelet interpretation was possible. From history taking, the patient was a known case of beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E disorder. The additional dengue NS1 Ag test was positive. The patient was diagnosed to have dengue and received the standard fluid replacement therapy. She got full recovery within 1 week. In the present case, the unexpected normal platelet count despite overt petechiae might be explainable by the automated hematogram. The patient had the underlying hemoglobin disorder problem that results in anisopoikilocytosis and microcytic anemia. With the underlying abnormal hematological parameter, anemia, no hemoconcentration can be explained. Regarding the platelet count, the microcytosis, anisocytosis and poikilocytosis can interfere with the platelet count in autoamted hematology analytical process. Nevertheless, the automated hematogram and flag can help explain and assist the physician in charge for further use of definitive diagnosis test for dengue.

Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding dengue are latent variables which are substantiated through manifest variables. The manifest variables that form the indicative construct of knowledge, attitude and practice can be factored into sub-constructs such that the impact of each indicative variable can be verified.

Evaluation of the sub-constructs of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding dengue using a Partial least square path models with R programming language.

The measurement model revealed the sub-constructs that are negatively affecting the latent variables and the ones that are having low impact.

This analysis gives the possibility of observing the exact knowledge, attitude and practices regarding dengue that are inadequate among respondents. The result from this methodological approach can be used as an aid for the community health programs and campaigns on how to enlighten the populace of interest on the required awareness about dengue, attitude towards dengue and the preventive practices that are deficient among them.

Dengue is the most common life-threatening arboviral infection contributing to 92 million infections worldwide. India alone contributes for 34% of the global burden. Success of dengue control depends largely on adequate knowledge and good practices of preventive measures. However, there is a need to find the existing awareness among the general population, especially in rural areas. Thus, our present study was done to determine the awareness, attitude, and practice measures regarding dengue fever in rural Tamil Nadu.

A community-based cross-sectional survey was done among 303 individuals belonging to the selected village in rural Tamil Nadu during November 2016. Information regarding sociodemographic details and awareness, attitude, and practice toward dengue were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Adequacy of knowledge and attitude was summarized as proportion with 95% confidence interval.

Among 303 participants, 204 (67.3%) were above 30 years of age; 196 (64.6%) were females; 255 (84.1%) were ever married; 149 (49.1%) were employed and most of them 93 (30.6%) were educated up to secondary level; 103 (33.9%) belonged to the Class 4 socioeconomic status. About 33.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.2–38.8) of the study participants had adequate knowledge and 56.1% (95% CI: 50.5–61.6) had positive attitude toward dengue prevention. About 57.7% (95% CI: 52.1–63.2) were practicing preventive measures.

The current study found that only one-third of the participants had adequate knowledge regarding dengue but more than half of them had positive attitude toward dengue prevention and practicing mosquito control measures. Hence, large-scale information, education, and communication campaigns need to done at frequent intervals for rural population.