جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « disinfection » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, spreads through both direct and indirect pathways. Among the latter, surface contamination is a significant concern due to the virus’s prolonged viability on surfaces. There is ongoing discussion over the impact of environmental surface contamination, especially in light of the introduction of novel viral types. The present study aimed to examine the extent of environmental surface contamination across different hospital wards and evaluate the effectiveness of disinfectants in inactivating the virus.

The samples were collected from critical areas in a hospital, both pre-disinfection (n = 40) and post-disinfection (n = 17), using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect SARS-CoV-2.

The findings indisputably confirm the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on swab samples from frequently-touched surfaces. Notably, 10 samples were virus-positive before disinfection, highlighting persistent viral contamination in vital hospital zones.

This study underscores the critical role of environmental surface contamination in SARSCoV-2 transmission, particularly in healthcare settings. Detecting the virus on frequently-handled surfaces underscores the urgent need for rigorous and frequent surface disinfection. Effective surface disinfection remains a rapid, straightforward, and practical strategy to mitigate virus transmission to healthcare workers and patients. These findings hold significant implications for infection control, particularly amid emerging virus variants. They emphasize the need to maintain stringent hygiene and disinfection practices within healthcare facilities to combat the spread of COVID-19.

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess cleaning and disinfection practices in gyms, focusing on the safety of these collective-use environments.

The study was conducted from October to December 2023 in two gyms-one public and one private. The study involved the inspection of high-traffic and frequently-touched exercise equipment, including bars for upper and lower limb training, extension, and flexion chairs, shoulder press machine, hack squat machine, dumbbells, leg press machine, flexor table, Hammer rowing, articulated bench press, and chest fly machine. The fluorescence method, protein test, and visual inspection were used for such analyses.

A total of 120 evaluations were performed, encompassing 48 visual inspections (40.0%), 48 protein tests (40.0%), and 24 fluorescence analyses (20.0%). Among the equipment with the highest protein presence were the squat bar, 8kg dumbbell, hack squat machine, and leg press machine. Positive fluorescence results were found on the leg press, 8kg dumbbell, and chest fly machine. Visible dirt was present in 95.8% of the public gym environment and 33.3% (p < 0.001) of the private gym equipment.

The cleaning and disinfection practices performed in public and private gyms were inadequate and need improvement to mitigate the risks of cross-contamination among users.

We aimed to determine the feasibility of ozone for disinfection of infectious solid waste in hospital.

Spores of Bacillus atrophaeus were used to monitor the process of inactivating microbial agents using ozone in medical solid waste in the hospitals of Tabriz City, Iran. For this purpose, culture medium containing the mentioned bacteria was placed in the bags containing medical wastes. The ozone generator was equipped with a constant dose of 5 grams per liter, with a discharge of 1 and 3 liters per minute and contact time of 10 to 120 min. Then the ozone exposure indicators were incubated for 24-48h at 36 ± 1 °C and, finally, the absence of colony growth in the culture medium was considered as the success of ozone in disinfection of infectious solid waste. This process was performed with 4-time replications.

The complete removal of B. atrophaeus was obtained for non-compacted and compacted infectious solid waste, at contact time of 15 and 50 min, respectively. The efficiency of removal of B. atrophaeus by the process of wet ozone injection through a glass column was 100% in 30 minutes and by separate injection of water vapor into the contact tank was 100% in 50 minutes. The results of this study showed that the use of ozone technology was effective in the inactivation and destruction of microbial agents in medical solid waste.

Employing different advanced technology of oxidization especially ozone in order to decrease the environmental pollution is considered as one of management approaches.

Endodontic treatment in dens invaginatus anomaly is associated with challenges in all stages.This case report outlines the therapy provided for tooth #10 with occasional pain. In examinations, tenderness to percussion and touch and non-response to sensibility tests were observed, and pulp necrosis and symptomatic periapical periodontitis were diagnosed.Radiographic evaluation showed a structural anomaly related to the dens invaginatus and the associated periapical lesion. Cone-beam computed tomography confirmed the presence of DI type II. Endodontic treatment combined with photodynamic therapy and active irrigation using a dental operating microscope was successful and radiographic examinations showed periapical healing along with bone formation in 6-month and 1-year follow-up.

 Inadequate mattresses can pose risks to users, and the routine inspection of mattresses often falls short in various healthcare settings.

 To evaluate the physical condition of mattresses in hospitals and long-term care facilities and to explore the association with management practices regarding procurement, handling, and maintenance.

 This analytical descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 hospitals and 5 long-term care facilities, examining a total of 278 mattresses through proportional stratified sampling. The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Multiple Regression Analysis were utilized for data analysis.

 Only 9.9% of the mattresses met the physical evaluation criteria, highlighting a significant gap in mattress management standardization. The highest compliance was noted in the utilization of waterproof coverings, whereas the lowest was in mattress labeling. Factors significantly influencing the scores included the involvement of nurses in the evaluation process, periodic replacement of coverings, type of administration, assessment of mattress and covering integrity during bed making, and the nature of the institution.

 Due to inadequate physical conditions in both hospital and long-term care settings, the low approval rate of mattresses underscores the urgent need for standardized mattress management practices. Descriptors: Beds, Hospital Infection, Disinfection, Long-Term Care Facilities for the Elderly, Patient Safety.

Compare the tensile strength and rupture elongation of room temperature vulcanizing silicone (RTV), heat temperature vulcanizing silicone (HTV) and 3% SiO2 reinforced RTV and HTV following disinfection with various agents.

According to ASTM D412, 384 samples were fabricated using HTV, RTV, RTV and HTV reinforced with 3% SiO2 nanoparticles. The control group received no disinfection treatment, while the other samples were disinfected for 10 minutes using neutral soap, 4% chlorhexidine, and ozone water, three times a day for 60 days. Additionally, accelerated aging was carried out for 252,504,1008 hours. Tensile strength and rupture elongation were assessed using a universal testing machine at 500 mm/min speed, and the mean values were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (P<0.05).

The mean value of tensile strength of RTV (2.96 ± 0.41), 3%SiO2 RTV (3.26 ±0.33), HTV (3.30 ±0.36),3% SiO2 HTV (4.07 ±0.85) MPa which was statistically significant for control, neutral soap and 4% chlorhexidine at 252,504 ,1008 hours of aging. (P <0.05). The percentage of elongation of RTV (545 ±29.2),3%SiO2 RTV (617 ±30.5), HTV (735 ±48.7),3% SiO2 HTV (801 ±55.7) which was statically significant for control, neutral soap, 4% chlorhexidine and Ozone water for 252, 504 ,1008 hours of aging. (P <0.05).

The HTV silicone showed more tensile strength and rupture elongation compared to HTV, RTV and RTV silicones reinforced with 3% SiO2 nanoparticles. Ozone water disinfection had least effect on tensile strength and rupture elongation of maxillo-facial silicone compared to other disinfectant.

Nosocomial infections may result from intensive care unit pulse oximeters. The descriptive study examined pulse oximeter sensor microbiological contamination and the efficacy of manual disinfection with alcohol and sodium hypochlorite in five hospital intensive care units. Sixty-eight reusable pulse oximeter sensors were swabbed, cultured, and evaluated after decontamination. In private and public hospitals, 12 (35.2%) and 13 (37.2%) pulse oximeters tested positive for bacteria. Alcohol 70% reduced the microbial load and more than 10% sodium hypochlorite. The study found that purposeful cleaning and disinfection reduce microorganisms. Alcohol was more efficacious than sodium hypochlorite. Critical care facilities should regularly clean reusable pulse oximeter sensors.

Bioactive compounds from plants have potential antimicrobial activity. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of curcumin, allicin, gingerol and cinnamon compared to 4% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against Enterococcus faecalis and its biofilm.

The dry herbal compounds were diluted with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using agar diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test, time kill study, and biofilm susceptibility assay. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) was determined using agar diffusion test on Muller Hinton (MH) agar plates. MIC was evaluated using the tube dilution method. Root canals of extracted human anterior teeth were instrumented, split into two halves, autoclaved, and incubated with brain heart infusion broth containing E. faecalis for 21 days to form a biofilm. The susceptibility of the biofilm to the test solutions was evaluated by counting bacterial colonies on MH agar.

NaOCl exhibited potent antimicrobial activity under all tested parameters. Allicin showed a significantly greater ZOI, while curcumin showed the least MIC among the tested herbal extracts (P < 0.05). MBC varied widely among the groups with no significant difference between allicin and cinnamon (P > 0.05). Gingerol and cinnamon were significantly superior to the other groups killing E. faecalis within 4-4.2 min (P < 0.05). Curcumin, gingerol, and cinnamon were equally efficacious as NaOCl in completely eradicating E. faecalis biofilm (P > 0.05).

NaOCl emerged as the most efficacious antibacterial agent and all herbal extracts showed significant antibacterial activity against E. faecalis.

ntroduction:Dentures, occlusal splints, surgical guides and orthodontic appliances are examples of acrylic resin devices made in dental laboratories, which must be disinfected and even sterilized before insertion into the oral cavity. This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) applied to acrylic resin specimens received from different laboratories.

Three hundred standardized specimens were ordered from six randomly selected laboratories registered in the Council of Dentistry of Ceará (n = 50). The PDT consisted in the association of 22 μM erythrosine, as a photosensitizer (P), and a 520-nm LED at 38 J/cm2 (L). The specimens of each laboratory were randomly distributed into five groups: positive control, sterilized with ethylene oxide; negative control, untreated (P-L-); erythrosine control, only stained (P + L-); LED control, only irradiated (P-L + ); PDT (P + L + ). Then, the specimens were individually sonicated in saline solution; the suspension was diluted, plated on culture mediums (blood agar, sabouraud dextrose agar and a non-selective chromogenic agar), and incubated for 48 hours at 37°C. Colony-forming-unit (CFU) counts were done and statistical tests of Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn were carried out.

The specimens from all laboratories were contaminated with bacteria and yeasts. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus,Escherichia coli,Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella and Pseudomonas spp. were identified. The PDT significantly reduced CFU counts (P < 0.0001), compared to P-L-.

PDT was able to effectively decontaminate the acrylic resin specimens provided from dental laboratories.

Electrochemical disinfection of the root canal system (RCS) is introduced as an alternative to conventional irrigation. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of depotphoresis method in the disinfection of accessible and inaccessible RCSs.

In this comparative in vitro study disinfection of Enterococcus faecalis‑infected RCS using two methods,(1) depotphoresis and (2) sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation plus passive ultrasonic agitation (PUA) took place on 40 extracted maxillary anterior teeth. Decoronation was done with a diamond disc, and the canals were instrumented. The roots were divided into two phases: the specimens with canal obstruction and the specimens without canal obstruction. The smear layer was removed, and the specimens were infected for 21 days with E. faecalis. After disinfection procedures, bacterial samples were taken using two sterile #35 paper points, and colony‑forming units (CFU) were counted. Data were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal–Wallis test, with a significance level at P < 0.05, to indicate differences between depotphoresis and NaOCl plus PUA groups.

In both phases, Log CFU after depotphoresis treatment was significantly lower than NaOCl irrigation plus PUA treatment (P < 0.05).

Treatment with depotphoresis was significantly more effective than NaOCl irrigation plus PUA treatment.

Disinfection is performed in our laboratory using sodium hypochlorite, glutaraldehyde, alcohol, or hydrogen peroxide. All these products are known for their harmful side effects on human and ecological health. As a part of the search for new sterilization methods that respect the environment much more, we were interested in studying the antifungal activity of ozone gas on the most isolated fungi in our hospital “University Hospital Center Hassani Abdelkader of Sidi Bel Abbes”.

This study focused on the antifungal activity of gaseous ozone on the most common fungal isolates in the hospital, with consideration of the duration of the exposure to ozone.

The fungicidal effect of ozone gas on molds was more effective compared to its effect on yeasts, it makes it possible to inhibit the reproduction and fungal growth of molds, in particular the filamentous molds and the most commonly isolated dermatophytes. A longer exposure would seem to be more effective.

Ozone gas can be a new alternative for sterilization and disinfection techniques, especially filamentous fungi and dermatophytes.

 Contamination of tissue culture medium is a common problem that causes the loss of some or all cultures. Despite all measures taken in tissue culture laboratories to prevent culture contamination, bacterial and fungi contamination is still a significant problem under in vitro culture. Achieving a suitable method for controlling the contaminants in the in vitro culture medium will be a considerable development in the micropropagation of dates.

 We aimed to investigate the effects of different aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Rhazya stricta on the disinfection of dates under in vitro culture.

 A factorial test was performed based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The study included three factors: Plant organs (leaves and roots), solvent type (ethanolic and aqueous), and extract concentration (0, 25, 50, and 75 mg/mL).

 The lowest contamination (38.33%) was seen in the treatment with ethanolic root extract (50 ppm). In comparison, the control and the treatment containing aqueous leaf extract (with concentrations of 0 and 25 ppm) resulted in the highest contamination rate (100%) in tissue culture conditions.

 The alcoholic extract of medicinal plants can be used to disinfect the explants and the substrate.

Endodontic therapy of dens invaginatus (DI) anomalies is challenging due to difficult access, inadequate cleaning and shaping, and incomplete disinfection of its complicated root canal system. The present case report describes the treatment of tooth #10 with tooth discomfort, intermittent pus discharge, and localized swelling. Sinus tract, mobility, and probing grade 1 were observed. The tooth was tender on palpation and percussion with negative responses to pulp sensibility tests. Radiographic assessments revealed an atypical structure of pulpal anatomy, probably dens invaginatus, associated with a large periapical lesion and severe root curvature. Cone-beam computed tomography confirmed the presence of DI type II. Finally, the diagnosis of pulp necrosis with chronic apical abscess of tooth #10 was made. Combining antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive treatment with different irrigation techniques were effective in nonsurgical endodontic management of the complicated DI type II in a maxillary lateral incisor with a large periradicular lesion and severe root curvature. Six-month and one-year recall radiographic images revealed asymptomatic tooth and progressive osseous healing.

Problems related to environmental damages and natural resources degradation are receiving increased attention from researchers throughout the world in recent years. This occurs mostly, through un-eco-friendly technology used to produce industrial products. Therefore, an eco-friendly science and technology (green technology) which can empower and control the existing coal power plant for the virtue of society and the earth is required. Today, the design and application of the electron accelerator has been well developed due to reliability, larger capacity, greater energy range and cost reduction, which has led to an increase in their application in the refining industry. Technologies that use particle accelerators are considered critical in order to advance high-tech processes in various economic fields, including material processing, sterilization of medical products, environmental protection, medicine (treatment and diagnosis of patients; manufacturing of radiopharmaceuticals), cargo inspection, chemical analysis, nuclear energy (ADS and conversion), etc. High-energy and high-power beams pose the ability to alter the physical, chemical and biological properties of materials on an industrial scale. This technology has received more attention than other conventional treatment methods due to the need for smaller area, high electrical efficiency and production of by-products such as fertilizers. The EB process in the treatment of off-gas, wastewater, and sludge, as well as the decomposition of emerging contaminants, is mentioned as a non-chemical, additive-free process that uses radiolysis to effectively decompose contaminants. The literature addresses the various applications of electron accelerators in order to modify the physical, chemical, or biological properties of industrial pollutants in the liquid, solid, and gas phases through treatment by ionizing radiation in order to control environmental pollution. Many advantages can be achieved through this method, which is known as radiation processing.

This study aimed to find out how exposure to gaseous ozone affected heat-cured acrylic resin’s transverse and impact strengths.

Sixty samples of heat-cured acrylic resin were prepared and divided into three subgroups, control, microwave radiation (positive control), and gaseous ozone. Transverse strength and impact strength were evaluated using testing machines. At a level of significance of 5%, data were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test.

Transverse strength analysis showed a significant difference among groups (P < 0.001). Post hoc test revealed significant differences between all multiple groups (P < 0.001). Impact strength analysis results showed a non-significant difference among groups (P= 0.13).

Within the limits of this research, it is possible to conclude that gaseous ozone exposure improves the transverse strength of heat-cure acrylic resin.

Contamination of medical equipment and environmental surfaces with microorganisms plays a significant role in the transmission and spread of hospital infections. Considering the deaths and costs caused by hospital infections, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to prevent the spread of infection, such as cleaning and disinfection. The purpose of this study was determining the status of hospital infections before and after using the air and surface disinfectant device known as nocospray which applies dry mist technology and hydrogen peroxide solution.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in two 6-month periods at Dr. Sheikh Children's Hospital, in Mashhad, between 2021 and 2022. All patients who were hospitalized for more than 48 hours and had a hospital infection were included in the study. In the second 6 months, a Nocospray disinfection device was used to disinfect surfaces and equipment. Nosocomial infection was determined according to clinical symptoms and blood, urine and tracheal tube cultures in both 6-month periods and the results of the two periods were compared.

A total of 198 cases of nosocomial infections were observed, 121 cases (61%) of which were related to the first 6 months. The death rate in the second 6 months decreased by 1.65% compared to the first 6 months. Among children of different ages, the age range of 1 to 4 years accounted for the highest number of hospital infections. And the highest rate of infection was related to the intensive care unit.

This study showed the positive effect of surface and air disinfection devices (Nocospray) in reducing the incidence of hospital infections and mortality.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of disinfection and storage solutions, and time periods on the fracture strength of whole teeth and tooth sections. One hundred and sixty extracted teeth were divided into 16 groups based on disinfection methods, storage times and tooth types. Teeth samples were measured, and areas calculated. Specimens groups were 1. 10% buffered formalin, 2. 0.2% thymol-in-saline, 3. 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 4. OHCWA disinfection protocol, 5. Distilled-water. Each group had storage subgroups of 14, 90 and 180 days. Group 6 (control) were frozen in distilled water for 14 days. Specimens were tested using an Instron Universal tester and load at fracture was analyzed for statistical significance. The NaOCl group showed significantly lower loads at fracture compared to all other storage solutions at corresponding storage times. Distilled-water storage for 90 and 180 days had significantly lower fracture loads, except specimens stored in NaOCl for 14 and 90 days. The area of the specimen, was significantly associated with the magnitude of load at fracture. NaOCl storage significantly affected the fracture strength of teeth. Fracture resistance of teeth was inversely proportional to the storage time and directly proportional to the area of the specimen.