جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « dopamine » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Nowadays, some aspects of neuroendocrine and immune systems intercalation are already known. Accordingly, it has been shown that certain immune cells, such as monocytes, can produce and store dopamine in their secretory vesicles. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dopamine on some immunological functions of the rat peripheral blood monocytes.

 In this experimental study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells of rats were isolated by a ficoll-hypaque gradient. Afterward, the plastic adherent fractions were used as monocytes. Monocytes in the treatment group cocultured for 24 h with 5×10-7 M dopamine, and then their phagocytosis performance, respiratory burst, killing ability, nitric oxide production, neutral red harvest, vital ability, and NF-κB gene expression were investigated.

The results of this study showed that both control or treatment monocytes showed no significant difference in phagocytosis after the challenge with opsonized yeast. Nevertheless, the neutral red uptake, respiratory burst, and nitric oxide production after the challenge with opsonized yeast, and also the expression of NF-κB, were decreased in dopamine-treated monocytes compared to monocytes in the control group (P<0.05). The monocyte vitality of the treatment group did not show any significant effects compared to the monocytes of the control group.

It seems that dopamine dynamically creates an anti-inflammatory phenotype in the monocyte. Therefore, alongside a decrease in the lysosomal compartment activity, the monocytes produce lower levels of free oxygen and nitrogen radicals.

There are claims regarding the fact that the damages caused by using social media are rather similar to those caused by using drugs. Researchers think that although the behavioral symptoms and consequences of using drugs vary by type of substance, there are several common aspects regarding drug symptoms in all types; which are hence in line with social media harms. Furthermore, during recent years, neuroscientists have examined the structures in the brain that are associated with addiction to social media and have discovered several similarities and differences about drug addiction. The main purpose of the present study was to compare addiction to drugs with addiction to social media.

Methods and Materials:

 In this paper, we will initially describe the behavioral components of addiction to drugs and addiction to social media and then indicate the difference between "addiction" and "dependence".

We will later support the hypothesis that addiction to social media is not to be considered as a dependence. Hence, we will discuss the areas of the brain which are involved in recent addiction to social media and addiction to drugs along with providing neuroimaging and experiments regarding these two fields.

In the end, as well as enumerating the neurological similarities and differences between addiction in both fields, we suggest that instead of dividing people into the two categories of "addicted" and "non-addicted", it is better to consider "various degrees of addiction". This being the case, we can accept the addiction to social media as a special type of addiction and as a degree of addiction and thus, categorize the common characteristics and differences between this type of addiction and other types of addiction and present treatment approaches which are ideally appropriate for this certain degree of addiction

In healthy people, dopamine stimulates ghrelin secretion. The level of dopamine release  and ghrelin is lower in the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In the present study,we investigated the effects of doplamin and L-dopa on relative gene expression of ghrelin in PCOS model rats.

In the first step of the study, PCOS was induced in 25 female Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) by injection of estradiol. Then, the rats received saline, dopamine (5µg), L-dopa (5µg) or simultaneous injections of sulpride (10µg/kg), SCH23390 hydrochloride (10µg/kg) and dopamine or L-dopa respectively via third cerebral ventricular. In the second part of the study, 15 PCOS rats received saline L-dopa (100mg/kg) or dopamine (50mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Hypothalamic and ovarian samples were dissected. Mean relative ghrelin gene expression was determined by real- time-PCR method. 

Mean relative gene expression of ghrelin significantly decreased in the hypothalamus and ovary of the rats with PCOS compared to those in the intact rats. Intraventricular injection of dopamine or L-dopa significantly increased the hypothalamic ghrelin gene expression in comparison to that in the rats in the PCOS group. Dopamine or L-dopa did not significantly increase the gene expression of ovarian ghrelin in comparison to that in PCOS group. Injections of sulpride and SCH23390 significantly blocked the stimulatory effects of dopamine or L-dopa on the ghrelin gene expression in hypothalamus compared to those in the dopamine or L-dopa group.

The dopaminergic pathway may be involved in increasing ghrelin gene expresion extremely via hypothamic level in PCOS condition.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and Psilocybin supplementation on the expression of poly Adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) and dopamine receptor 5 (D5R) gene in heart tissue of methamphetamine-addicted rats.

The present research was conducted experimentally with a post-test design with a control group. 30 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups including healthy control; methamphetamine; Methamphetamine + aerobic activity; Methamphetamine + Psilocybin; Methamphetamine + aerobic activity + Psilocybin. Intraperitoneal injection of methamphetamine and Psilocybin was 10 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. The interventions of Psilocybin consumption and aerobic exercises were implemented for 4 weeks during the withdrawal period. Real-Time PCR method was used to measure gene expression in heart tissue. The Independent T, Man Whitney, and Kruskal Wallis statistical tests were used for data analysis.

Methamphetamine use caused a non-significant (20%) increase in the expression of the D5R gene compared to the control group, but could not cause a significant change in the expression of the PARP gene. The use of the Psilocybin supplement and its combination with aerobic exercise produced a decreasing but insignificant effect on PARP and D5R gene expression in the heart tissue of female rats addicted to methamphetamine.

Short-term induction of methamphetamine may not cause significant changes in the expression of PARP and D5R genes in the heart. Psilocybin supplement and its combination with aerobic exercise in the withdrawal period, even though it caused insignificant reduction effects in the expression of these genes, but the exact expression of gene changes requires further investigations.

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite. T. gondii leads to increased production of dopamine in the host's brain. It is possible that dopamine plays a role in the proliferation of T. gondii. In this study, the effect of dopamine on the proliferation of Toxoplasma tachyzoites in HFF-1 cells was investigated.

HFF-1 cells were cultured and treated with 500 nM dopamine. 4 × 105 tachyzoites were added to the cell wells. To investigate the role of receptors, first the confluensed cells were treated with dopamine. Dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonists (SCH-23390 and sulpiride, respectively), alone and in combination, were added to the culture medium at a concentration of 10 nM. The treated cells were infected with Tachyzoite. The amounts of tachyzoites were evaluated by microscopic counting and by RT-qPCR method.

Dopamine significantly (p < 0.05) increases proliferation of tachyzoites in HFF-1 cells. SCH-23390 significantly neutralized the effect of dopamine in treated cells (p < 0.05), while sulpiride could not avert the effect of dopamine. Moreover, combination of two antagonists, SCH-23390 and sulpiride, significantly reduced the proliferation of tachyzoites in HFF-1 cells (p < 0.05).

Our study showed that dopamine stimulates proliferation of tachyzoites in HFF-1 cell line. In addition, dopamine exerts its effect on parasite proliferation through D1 receptors. These results can help to design and develop effective drugs against Toxoplasma.

The dopaminergic system plays an important role in modulating some neural functions such as motor control, motivation, pain, cognition, maternal behavior, and reward. Dopaminergic signaling pathways are very important for maintaining physiological processes, and an unbalanced activity may lead to disorders related to neurological diseases. A correct understanding of the neurobiology and underlying molecular mechanisms of these disorders leads to the development of new treatments that improve the quality of life of patients all over. The purpose of the present study is to review the research conducted on the central role of the dopaminergic system and the dimensions of its influence on various physiological functions. In this review, articles related to the topic in the years 1970 to 2023 were identified using a targeted search of related keywords in reliable databases such as Civilica, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Springer, Google Scholar, and Elsevier, and in order to obtain more studies from the list The sources of these articles were used. Based on the findings of these studies, the appetite-reducing effects of dopamine have been reported in birds and mammals. On the other hand, the role of this neural mediator in pain perception and memory processing was determined. In connection with the endocrine glands, the interaction of dopamine with prolactin, sex steroids, growth hormone, and thyroid hormones has been proven. Also, numerous studies have shown the role of dopamine in motor control and the occurrence of maternal behavior. Finally, based on the review of past research, the occurrence of neurological diseases such as schizophrenia, Parkinson, Huntington, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHA), and addiction can be related to abnormalities in the dopaminergic system. Despite conducting numerous studies on the role of the dopaminergic system in various biological activities, it is suggested to carry out more studies in order to identify new dimensions of the effect of this system on different body functions and to provide new treatment paths.
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Serotonin and dopamine are two main neurotransmitters in human body that play an important role in regulating many activities in the body. Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 may affect the levels and metabolism of these neurotransmitters in various ways. Therefore, the present study reviews the different mechanisms of the effect of COVID-19 on serotonin and dopamine levels and the complications caused by these changes.

In this review study, a search was condcucted in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases to find related articles using the following keywords: “COVID-19”, “SARSCoV- 2”, “serotonin” and “dopamine”.

COVID-19 can alter the serotonin and dopamine levels through various mechanisms, such as reducing the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, reducing the level of amino acids, increasing the level of inflammatory cytokines, reducing the level of vitamins, and binding to monoamine oxidase enzymes. The changes in the level of these neurotransmitters can play an important role in causingsome COVID-19 related complications, such as gastrointestinal problems (diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting), mental disorders (anxiety, depression, and delirium), and increased inflammation. The use of some drugs that modulate serotonin and dopamine levels can be effective in improving some of the COVID-19 complications.

Some of the complications of COVID-19 may be caused or exacerbated by changes in the levels of serotonin and dopamine. More studies are needed to determine the relationship between COVID-19 and these neurotransmitters.

Methamphetamine increases the release of dopamine from nerve terminals. Binding of dopamine to dopamine receptors increases the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element (CREB) protein and changes the transcription of downstream genes.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of methamphetamine induction followed by aerobic training and Berberine on dopamine receptor 4 and CREB gene expression in the heart tissue of methamphetamine-addicted female rats during the withdrawal period.

30 rats were randomly divided into 5 control groups, methamphetamine, methamphetamine + aerobic training, methamphetamine + Berberine, methamphetamine + aerobic training + Berberine. Intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg of methamphetamine was performed for 5 days, and during the withdrawal period, aerobic training was performed for 4 weeks and simultaneously the consumption of berberine 100 mg/kg as a solution in drinking water was considered. Real Time PCR method was used to measure gene expression. Independent T-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and SPSS24 software were used at the level of 0.05 to analyze the data. The code of ethics in the research was received with number IR.IAU.SHAHROOD.REC.1402.015.

The results showed that methamphetamine use caused a non-significant increase (97%) in CREB expression and a non-significant decrease (52%) in dopamine 4 receptor compared to the control group (P>0.05). The implementation of interventions during the withdrawal period, such as Berberine consumption and the combination of berberine with aerobic training, produced non-significant increasing and decreasing effects on dopamine 4 receptor gene expression and CREB in the heart of methamphetamine-addicted rats, respectively (P > 0.05).

Short-term induction of methamphetamine did not cause significant changes in the expression of dopamine 4 receptor and CREB genes in the heart. Therefore, these genes could not undergo a significant change as a result of interventions such as Berberine and exercise. More studies are needed to investigate exact genetic changes in heart tissue.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is one of the common endocrine disorders in women caused by an increase in testosterone. Aromatase enzyme decreases testosterone. In the present study, the effect of drug Pramipexol as dopamine agonist in three doses and two different times on ovarian aromatase gene expression in Wistar PCOS rats was investigated.

Thirty mice were divided to two groups (n = 15) including three subgroups of solvent, PCOS (injection of 2 mg of Estradiol valerate), and PCOS + drug (1, 2, 4 mg/kg). Pramipexol was administered 15 or 30 days after induction of PCOS, as group 1 or 2, for 14 days. Aromatase gene expression was then measured, and analyzed by One-way ANOVA analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test.

The results showed an increase in aromatase gene expression in the subgroups receiving the drug (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001) in each of the two study groups. There was significant difference between 2 groups in gene expression after drug treatment by 2, and 4 mg/kg (p < 0.01, p < 0.05).

Pramipexol doses 1, 2, 4 mg/kg increased the expression of the ovarian aromatase gene in PCOS mice in a time and dose-dependent manner. Pramipexol 4 mg/kg, 15 days after induction of PCOS caused the greatest increase in aromatase gene expression and can be suggested to improve PCOS.
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Dopamine and noradrenaline  play an important role in food intake control. On the other hand, neuromedin S (NMS) decreases food intake. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of dopamine and noradrenaline  with a sub-effective dose of NMS on food intake in neonatal chickens.

A total of 132 five-old-day chicks were randomly divided into three experimental groups. Each experiment had a control group and three treatment groups (n = 11 in each group). Three-hour food-deprived birds received intracerebroventricular ‎injections of either control diluent or drug solution. In the first experiment, control solution, NMS (0.25 nmol), L-DOPA (dopamine precursor; 125 nmol), and NMS + L-DOPA were injected.‎  In the second experiment, control solution, NMS (0.25 nmol), dopamine (10 nmol), and NMS + dopamine were injected. In the third experiment, control solution, NMS (0.25 nmol), noradrenaline (37.5 nmol), and , NMS + noradrenaline were injected.

Although the injection of NMS with a dose of 0.25 (sub-effective dose), L-dopa with a dose of 125 (sub-effective dose), dopamine with a dose of 10 (sub-effective dose), and noradrenaline with a dose of 37.5 (sub-effective dose) had no effect on food intake (p < 0.05), the co-injection of Neuromedin S with L-dopa or dopamine or noradrenaline decreased food intake (p < 0.05).

According to the results of the present study, there is probably a synergistic effect between NMS with dopamine and noradrenaline on food intake control of neonatal chicks.

Feeding behavior is regulated via a complex network which interacts via diverse signals from central and peripheral tissues. The present study was designed to examine the interaction between glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems on food intake in neonatal meat chicken.

In this study, 264 day-old chicken (ROS 308) were used. In each experiment, chickens divided to 4 experiments including 1 control and 3 treatment groups (n = 11). In experiment 1, chicks ICV injected with normal saline, 6-OHDA (neurotoxin, 2.5 nmol), kainic acid (ionotropic glutamate receptors agonist, 300 nmol) and 6-OHDA + kainic acid. Experiments 2-3 were similar to experiment 1, except injections of the SHC23390 (D1 receptors antagonist, 5 nmol) and AMI-193 (D2 receptors antagonist, 5 nmol) were done instead of 6-OHDA. In experiment 4, saline, 6-OHDA (2.5 nmol), trans-(±)-ACPD monohydrate (metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, 300 nmol) and co-injection of the 6-OHDA+ trans-(±)-ACPD monohydrate were done. Experiments 5 and 6 were similar to experiment 4, except SHC23390 and AMI-193  were injected instead of 6-OHDA. Then the cumulative food intake measured until 120 min post injection.

Kainic acid significantly decreased food intake (p ≤ 0.05). 6-OHDA and SHC23390 decreased kainic acid and trans-(±)-ACPD- induced hypophagia (p ≤ 0.05).

Interaction between dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems mediates via ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate and D1 dopamine receptors.
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Serotonin and dopamine are monoamine neurotransmitters that are effective in mood and happiness, which are reduced in old age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of total body resistance training on serum levels of dopamine, serotonin and happiness in overweight elderly men.

In this quasi-experimental study, 30 elderly men with an age range of 62.06±1.53 years were selected as the sample and randomly divided into two groups of training and control, each group consisting of 15 people. The experimental group trained in a TRX training program for 12 weeks and 3 sessions per week for 60 minutes. Exercise intensity was controlled by Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE).  Serum levels of dopamine, serotonin and happiness index were measured 48 hours before and after the training period. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and analysis of covariance at the significant level of P˂0.05.

The results of paired t-test showed that between pre-test and post-test in dopamine (p=0.01, t=2.19), serotonin (p=0.001, t=-1.23) and happiness (P=0.003, t=-1.79) There was a significant difference in TRX group. Also, the results of analysis of covariance showed that dopamine (P=0.01, F=3.5), serotonin (P= 0.002, F =1.91) and happiness (P=0.003, F=3.10) increase in the training group compared to the control group.

It seems that total body resistance training can be effective in increasing happiness and mental health of the elderly while increasing serum levels of serotonin and dopamine.