جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « e valuation » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

This paper had two aims. Firstly, to provide a broader view of the profile of non-professional caregivers in Europe, and secondly, to estimate the economic value of the non-professional caregiving.

The European Quality of Life Survey 2016/2017, carried out by Eurofound, was used. The target population of the survey was adults who care for a relative or friend in a total of 33 European countries. The opportunity cost method was used to estimate the economic value of caregiving, in which two of the activities forgone were analysed: paid activities (restricted to caregivers who were employed), for which the average gross wage of each country was used; and unpaid activities, for which the minimum gross wage of each country was used.

There were more than 76 million non-professional caregivers in Europe that provide care for a relative or friend. This figure represents 12.7% of the population in Europe. The estimated time devoted to non-professional care in Europe reached 72 301.5 million hours in 2016. Sharp differences were found among countries. The economic value of that time is estimated at 576 000 million of euros, which represented about 3.63% of Europe’s gross domestic product (GDP).

Conclusion 
This study shows the very important number of resources dedicated to the non-professional care of dependent people and their economic valuation. These results may be helpful in prospective analyses estimating future needs on professional and non-professional and for designing of long-term care (LTC) policies in Europe.

The spread of the Corona pandemic has affected the status of companies involved in information and communication technology. This study aimed to investigate individuals’ subjective perspectives on the use of ICT (online businesses, virtual meetings, e-learning, and generally the role and impact of cyberspace) and finally evaluate people’s willingness to pay.

In this study, a conditional logit model was used. The required information was collected through a field survey by completing a questionnaire from 384 respondents of Tehran citizens in 2021.

Based on the information from the questionnaires filled, more than 75% of the respondents rated the use of cyberspace capabilities for encountering Corona disease as moderate and high. The result of estimating people’s willingness to pay for the feature of “use of information and communication technology” in the present study was 5600000 Rials.

Considering the capabilities of this technology and its position among the people, it is necessary to put on the agenda ICT penetration expansion and planning to make maximum use of its capabilities in similar pandemics and crises.

Financial ability to pay has a unique role in the accessibility of health care services, which indicates the necessity of raising enough funds by governments. However, how much households are willing to pay (WTP) for receiving a particular service? And what factors influence their WTP? The current systematic review aimed to, firstly, review studies on the WTP for Down syndrome (DS) screening, and, secondly, to identify factors that affect WTP for DS screening.

We systematically searched the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Sciences (ISI), and Embase databases to identify relevant studies from their inception to June 2020; the search strategy was updated on December 2021. Initially, 157 articles were identified, and 5 were found eligible for full-text review. In event of any disagreement, a third reviewer was used. Extracted WTPs were converted to US dollars in 2018 using exchange rate parity and the present value formula to make a comparison. The quality assessment of the selected studies was done using the "Lancsar and Louvier" and Smith checklist; also, vote counting was used to assess the influence of factors.

Five eligible studies, published from 2005 to 2020, were fully reviewed. All final studies were scored as good quality. The extracted WTPs varied from $169 to $1118 in UK and Canada, respectively. Income and information/knowledge about screening tests were the most frequently investigated factors. Education level, detection rate, women's age, cost, and family history were significantly associated with higher levels of WTP for DS screening.

This study demonstrated a significant gap in WTP for DS screening in various countries. Women are WTP higher costs for tests with higher screenings. Also, a unique role was identified for income, occupation, information, and family history of DS in WTP for DS screening. In addition, a positive association was found for the variable of age.

Cervical cancer is the fifth most deadly cancer in women in Iran. The present study aimed to investigate the monetary value of cervical cancer screening benefits from a social perspective.  

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 480 women aged 30 to 59 years in Mazandaran province, Iran, from 2020-21. The willingness to pay (WTP) for screening tests- Pap smear and simultaneous tests- was investigated using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the contingent valuation method (CVM) in 2 separate sample groups. The first group received basic information regarding cervical cancer (Scenario 1), while the second received complementary information in addition to basic knowledge (Scenario 2).  Multivariate regression was applied to examine factors affecting WTP and the difference between the mean WTP in 2 scenarios was analyzed by a t-test.   

The mean WTP of Pap smear and simultaneous tests was estimated at US$135.08 and US$160.19, respectively. There were significant and negative relationships between age and household size with the WTP of the Pap smear test. The number of people with income, household expenses, a chronic illness, and suggested base price indicated significant and positive effects on WTP of the Pap smear test. The number of people with income and household expenses showed significant and positive relationships with the WTP of simultaneous tests. There was no significant difference between the mean WTP of each group and the demand for screening tests was not elastic.      

The mean WTP of screening tests is notable when compared to their cost, demonstrating the need of concentrating on screening programs.

To assess determinants of Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Community Health Insurance (CHI) among commercial motorcyclists (Boda boda riders) in Kampala City, Uganda.

This is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 381 commercial motorcyclists were selected from Nakawa Division using purposive and simple random sampling methods. Structured interviews and contingency valuation method were used for data collection and measuring WTP for CHI. Data were collected in April, May and June 2019. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, v. 21 by multivariate regression analysis and considering at significance level of P<0.05. 

Most of Boda boda riders had WTP for CHI (70%); 7 out of 10 commercial motorcyclists were willing to pay a premium of at least 70,000 UGX (20 USD).Those with at least five years of experience in the commercial motorcycle business were 9 times more willing to pay for CHI. Those with hired motorcycles and a history of involvement in a riding accident were less likely to pay for CHI. The other key determinants of WTP included: Being a commercial motorcyclist for 3 years or more, being aware of CHI, self-employment (riding own motorcycle), a history of payment for any form of insurance, and being single. 

The WTP for CHI is high among commercial motorcyclists in Kampala City. The WTP among these motorcyclists is determined more by individual factors and less by insurance scheme-related factors. The results recommend the coverage of informal sector by CHI schemes to increase universal health coverage in Uganda.

If we measure brand value accurately and properly, it can become a good measure for evaluating the long-term effects of marketing.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the value of brands in Iranian Futsal Premier League clubs.

The research method was descriptive and correlational studies. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the factors affecting the brand value of Iranian Futsal Premier League clubs using the Colin Model. The statistical population consisted of Futsal players (168 players), coaches (28 coaches) and club managers (14 managers) who served in the Iranian Futsal Premier League during 2017 - 2018. The sample size was n = 172 according to the questionnaire completion. We used a researcher-made questionnaire containing 35 questions consisting of seven components of Colin evaluation based on a five-point Likert scale for data collection.

The results showed that significant causal relationships were found among the seven components of the main model of research including stability, profitability, support, geographic expansion, security and protection, leadership and market and brand value. The results showed that support is the most effective parameter in brand equity of Iranian Futsal clubs.

It is therefore suggested that futsal clubs should take measures to attract non-governmental sponsors and provide the necessary infrastructure to support the club.

Volunteering has great economic and social benefits, but it is neglected due to the nature of the work. This study aimed to assess the monetary aspect of the voluntary activities in the National Plan of Safety and Health of Nowruz Passengers and analyze the cost of the implementation of this plan, regarding youth volunteers.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 1574 volunteers outlined in the plan were analyzed with the wage replacement and replacement cost approach for the monetary evaluation of voluntary activities. Also, the cost-benefit analysis of the Red Crescent voluntary plan was calculated by the volunteer investment and value audit technique.

In the mentioned road safety plan, the sum of the economic values of volunteering work was multiplied by the number of working hours of youth volunteers per day. Thus, the number of young people was determined, considering the average wage per hour for these people, the monetary value of $69 885.6 was obtained for the voluntary activities. Also, the volunteer investment and value audit rate was $10.6; it means that every dollar spent by Red Crescent would cost more than $10 if it were not voluntary. 

According to the present findings, it seems that the National Plan of Safety and Health of Nowruz Passengers had been economically profitable for the Red Crescent population and the government because of its high revenue, compared with its cost.