جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Leptospirosis is an infectious zoonotic disease that can result in severe complications. It is widespread, especially in hot and humid climates such as the northern region of Iran. The immune responses to leptospirosis are multifaceted. Lipl41 is an outer membrane protein that is expressed during infection and is highly conserved among pathogenic species. This makes it a good candidate for diagnosis and induction of specific immune responses. The aim of the present study was to evaluate immune responses against recombinant Lipl41 in mice.

After immunizing of different groups of mice with recombinant Lipl41 (rLipl41), the levels of specific antibodies and cytokine profiles interferon-gamma/ interleukin-4 (IFN-γ/IL-4) were measured.

The results revealed that rLipl41 showed a significant increase in antibody levels compared with the control groups (P< 0.05). Although the level of IL-4 in the groups that received Lipl41 was similar to that in the other control groups, the IFN-γ levels showed a significant increase (P<0.05).

It has been concluded that recombinant Lipl41 protein could strongly stimulate specific immune responses and be considered a potential candidate for vaccine development and diagnostic research.

 This study compared human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1) salivary levels in patients with periodontitis before and after phase I periodontal therapy.

 This controlled before-and-after study included 16 patients in the intervention group and 28 participants in the control group. Patients in the intervention group had stage 3 grade B periodontitis with no systemic diseases and had not taken any medications in the last six months. The control group included participants with healthy periodontium. Before and after phase I periodontal therapy, salivary samples were collected from the intervention group. ELISA was used to measure hBD-1 levels.

Salivary levels of hBD-1 decreased after phase I periodontal treatment in periodontitis patients, approaching those in healthy individuals. However, this reduction was not statistically significant (P=0.389). In patients with a probing depth (PD) of at least 3 mm, salivary levels of hBD-1 decreased significantly (P=0.019) following the intervention. There was no significant correlation between changes in hBD-1 levels and clinical indices, such as clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth, or bleeding index (BI) (P˃0.05).

  The current study demonstrated promising results concerning a probable link between hBD-1 and periodontitis. However, more research with sufficiently large sample sizes and more robust study designs is necessary.

Since HCV virus is the primary cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer, prompt diagnosis and timely treatment of this disease can prevent many complications. Due to the importance and necessity of this study, it aims to comparatively evaluate RT-PCR and ELISA methods in order to detect the presence of HCV infection in patients admitted to Baghiyatallah Hospital.

Sera of 49 patients admitted to Baghiyatallah Hospital since September, 2019 to August, 2020, were tested for RNA detection of HCV virus using RT-PCR and for the presence of anti-HCV antibody at the same time.

In this study, the mean age of patients was approximately 38.3+6.3. The percentage of positive cases of HCV virus in the studied patients according to ELISA test and PCR test were 28.6% and 20.4%, respectively. Percentage of HCV positive cases had p = 0.001 based on PCR and ELISA tests by age group, number of sexual partners, history previous HCV infection, liver cirrhosis, addiction and treatment of previous HCV infection which was significantly different; However, it was not significant in terms of gender (p = 0.5232). According to Kappa coefficient, the percentage of agreement is 91.8 in both methods which indicates that the two models are consistent (P = 0.001) and the diagnostic value of ELISA versus PCR with sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 89.7%, respectively.

ELISA susceptibility to anti-HCV antibody is more than 99%, but its specificity is low compared to RT-PCR method. On the other hand, these tests show only hepatitis C affection and does not distinguish between chronic acute or improved infection. It is not able to detect patients in the window phase, so the simultaneous application of ELISA and molecular methods is recommended to diagnose and follow the treatment of HCV virus.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a widespread neuropsychiatric disorder in both children and adolescents, which is associated with social isolation and poor academic performance. Complement proteins are regarded as a major player in inflammation and disease development for several neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar diseases. As clarified by previous data, increased levels of complement molecules and other immunological markers as cytokines were demonstrated in these disorders. Limited studies have investigated complement proteins particularly terminal complement complex or membrane attack complex (C5b-9) among ADHD patients. The present research aims to elucidate the association between C5b-9 complex protein and ADHD. This is a cross-sectional study. Sera were collected from Al-Hussain Teaching Medical City in Holy Karbala, Iraq, during 2019-2020. Sera were tested for C5-b9 using commercial kits by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).  In 90 participants included in the study, a significant increment in C5b-9 levels among ADHD patients (P=0.019) was observed. Patients with positive C5b-9 levels had a 2.76 times higher risk of developing ADHD than control subjects. The diagnostic utility for C5b-9 was statistically significant with 71.11% sensitivity, 55.6% specificity, and a high negative predictive value (97.3%). The study concluded elevation of the C5b-9 terminal complements complex levels in ADHD patients, which could point to the association of complement proteins as inflammatory markers with the ADHD disease process.

Today, mycotoxins are considered critical contaminants in foodstuffs produced by fungi, highlighting the importance of food safety to human health. The toxigenic fungi invasion and mycotoxin production are highly variable and depend on climate, plant, and agronomic practices. Among these, Aflatoxins (AFs) are considered the most potent toxins. This study investigated the fungi presence and AFB1 contamination in corn and wheat grown in Albania during the 2022 harvesting year.

Wheat samples were collected during the summer, while corn during the autumn, and further analyzed. Mycological contamination assessment applied the Verband Deutscher Landëirtschaftlicher Untersuchungs ̶ und Forschungsanstalten (VDLUFA) procedures. The AFB1 levels were measured using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The MATLAB R2016b software was applied to perform statistical analysis. The Estimated Daily Intake on AFB1 was calculated to evaluate human exposure.

The genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, and Penicillium were isolated, with higher rates of contamination in corn and the highest frequency Penicillium genus (77.89%). The Korça region presented a higher fungal load, 104 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g in corn. The AFB1 incidence (88.23%) in corn, was significantly higher than in wheat (4.91%). Additionally, the maximum level in corn was found 69.120 μg/kg, while in wheat, only 0.402 μg/kg. None of the wheat samples, in contrast to the 41.18% of corn samples, exceeded the threshold when referring to the respective Maximum Residue Levels.

Our observation indicates a higher rate of AFB1 contamination in corn than in wheat. The high concentration levels and contamination incidence in corn require targeted interventions to reduce the AFB1 amounts. Strengthened regulation based on scientific evidence can reduce contamination outbreaks, economic implications, and potential benefits, such as increased consumer trust. Our study indicates that the exposure to AFB1 originates from corn consumption among the adult population.

This study aimed to compare the production of antibodies in three different groups of patients with COVID-19. These groups included patients with pulmonary and cerebral symptoms, as well as those with mild symp- toms.

Blood samples were collected from 80 patients admitted to COVID-19-specific hospitals. The pa- tients had various forms of SARS-CoV-2 disease, including those with pulmonary symptoms, brain involvement, and those with positive PCR test results but mild symptoms. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used to determine the levels of IgM and IgG antibody titers.

The levels of IgM and IgG antibody production differed significantly between groups of patients experiencing pul- monary symptoms and cerebral symptoms, with mild symptom patients also showing differences (P=0.0068), (P=0.0487), (P<0.0001), and (P=0.0120), respectively. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between IgM antibody secre- tion and age or pulmonary involvement (P=0.1959). However, there was a direct and significant relationship between age and brain involvement (P=0.0317).

The findings of this study revealed that the risk of central nervous system involvement increases with age and that older people have lower antibody levels than younger people. Consequently, strengthening the immune systems of peo- ple over the age of 78 during this pandemic through vaccination and nutrition is very effective in reducing mortality in this age group.

Milk is regarded as one of the most sources of nutrition in the world and has a high value for individual's health. Milk is consumed by sensitive groups including pregnant women, older adults, and children. Therefore, the significance of antibiotic on human health makes it crucial to monitor their existence in food. This investigation aims to evaluate enrofloxacin and tetracycline in the raw and pasteurized milk in Tehran.

In this cross-sectional study, 112 raw and 112 pasteurized milks were accumulated in spring and winter from six reputable brands and traditional dairy stores in Tehran from December 2021 until May 2022 for six months, and antibiotic residues were examined by Immunosorbent Assay and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography techniques.

The findings indicated that the prevalence of tetracycline in raw and pasteurized milk was 41.07 and 26.78% in spring and 85.71 and 35.71% in winter, respectively. The median concentration of tetracycline was 33.27 and 22.65 ppb in spring and 55.81 and 21.91 ppb in winter, respectively. The prevalence of enrofloxacin in raw milk and pasteurized milk samples were 33.92 and 14.28% in spring and 64.28 and 32.14% in winter, respectively. The median concentrations of enrofloxacin were 9.13 and 9.38 ppb in spring and 10.57 and 11.23 ppb in winter, respectively. The raw and pasteurized milk samples collected in winter had higher percentage of antibiotic residue in terms of enrofloxacin than samples collected in spring (p<0.05). Furthermore, the quantity of tetracycline antibiotic in raw milk was significantly higher in winter than in spring (p=0.002). However, the pasteurized milk fails to have significant difference between two seasons. The finding showed the tetracycline and enrofloxacin in all samples were less than 100 ppb (standard limit), and there is no significant difference with the standard limit.

Based on the obtained results, monitoring the antibiotic residues in milk, controlling and minimizing these residues for human health are regarded crucial.

External factors have the potential to act as immunostimulants in order to influence the body's protection from many foreign antigens. We intended to investigate the ethanol extract Formulary of F-MaCg effect as an immunostimulant.

A purely experimental with a completely randomized design was used on twenty-four white male rats. They were divided into four groups:1) G0 [given aquades (5 ml)]; 2) G1 [given F-MaCg-75 mg/gr BW (Body Weight)]; 3) G2 (F-MaCg -150 mg/gr plus Hepatitis B vaccine at the beginning and the end of treatment); and 4) G3 (FMaCg -300 mg/gr BW plus hepatitis B vaccine at the end of treatment). The rat's spleen lymphocyte blast transformation was evaluated on the 15th and 37th days. Lymphocytes were examined using microtetrazolium assays. Optical Density (OD) was measured using an ELISA reader [493 nμ (nanomicro)]. Observation of lymphocyte viability by a counting chamber using a light microscope and trypan blue 1% before being cultured with Phytohaemoaglutinin.

Lymphocyte cell viability in the hepatitis B vaccine-induced group on the 15th day showed the highest average value in the G2 (1,484/mcl of blood); on the 37th day, it was in G3 (1,578/mcl of blood). The proliferative activity of spleen lymphocytes indicated by the difference in the OD values of the four treatment groups was 0.467, 0.913, 1.619, and 1.473 nμ, respectively. Histological observations of the spleen showed differences at all given formulary dose concentrations.

F-MaCg could be an immunostimulant because of its ability to trigger a cellular immune response.

Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) that was originally called betatrophinis a novel growth factor which is mainly secreted by the liver and associated with diabetes. Hence, it can be considered as a clinical parameter for diagnosis or treatment of diabetes. However, there are more unknown features about its relationship with diabetes that need to be clarified. The aim of this study was to understand the role of progress of diabetes on betatrophin levels. Therefore, serum betatrophin level of newly diagnosed patients and patients with chronic diabetes and its relationship with metabolic parameterswere investigated.

In a cross-sectional study, previous diabetic patients were compared with new diabetic patients in terms of betatrophinand other parameters, and matching on age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) was performed.New cases were recognized by endocrinologist and chronic patients were selected in diabetes center of Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran, in 2015-2016. Background information including height, weight, waist circumference, abdomen circumference, and hip circumference were collected. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was measured by glucometer and separated blood sera were used for insulin and betatrophin measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

The mean values of the betatrophin in the new and chronic diabetic individuals were 10.30 ± 6.31 and 10.71 ± 6.31 ng/ml, respectively, and no significant differences were seen between two groups. There was no significant relationship between betatrophin with metabolic parameters; however, a positive correlation with FBS in the newly diagnosed and a negative correlation with FBS in the chronic patients were observed.

Betatrophin is closely associated with glucose metabolism. It seems that chronic diabetes does not alter betatrophin levels.

If the mother is immune to measles, the infant is protected against measles infection after birth with maternal immunity. Therefore, the mother's immunity to measles is the most important factor in protecting the baby from measles in the first year. This study aimed to investigate measles seroprevalence and related factors in women between Oct 2019 and Jun 2021.

The cross-sectional study was conducted on women aged 15-49 yr in Mersin city. Overall, 400 people were included in the study. NovaLisa Measles IgG ELISA (NovaTec Immunodiagnostica GmbH®) kit was used to measure measles IgG antibodies in serological analyses. The research was conducted between Oct 2019 and Jun 2021. In the analysis of the data; descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis were used. The statistical significance level was accepted as P≤0.05.

Measles seropositivity was detected in 103 (25.7%) of the women. This rate was found 5.5% in the 15-19 yr age group, 20.0% in the 20-24 yr age group, 14.5% in the 25-29 yr age group, 23.0% in the 30-34 yr age group, 42.3% in the 35-39 yr age group, 42.3% in the 40-44 yr age group and 37.5% in the 45-49 yr age group. In the logistic regression analysis, the rate of seropositivity was compared to those in the 15-19 yr age group; it was found to be 4.33 times (P=0.03) at the age of 20-24 yr, 12.71 times (P<0.001) at the age of 40-44 yr, and 10.40 times (P<0.001) at the age of 45-49.

Three out of every four babies born in our region are not adequately protected against measles.

Expression and location of nucleolin are often abnormal in malignancies, which may result in the production of autoantibodies. Despite this, the identification of such autoantibodies may be essential for the early diagnosis and prognosis of cancers. In this investigation, the recombinant nucleolin protein was generated using an Escherichia coli expression system and was used an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect anti-nucleolin autoantibodies in cancer patients' sera. Lung cancer patients' autoantibodies displayed the highest seroreactivity with the recombinant protein, with area under the curve of 0.948 and sensitivity and specificity of 85% and 96.67%, respectively (accuracy=92%). Anti-nucleolin autoantibodies were linked with lung tumor size (r=0.793), tumor, node, metastasis staging (r=0.643), and proliferation (r=0.744). These autoantibodies distinguished patients with early-stage lung cancer from healthy controls. Since anti-nucleolin autoantibodies are strongly linked to tumor size, clinical staging, and growth, they can be used to measure how well a treatment is working.

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) account for acute hepatitis, fulminant liver failure and chronic hepatitis worldwide. Several high risk groups including hemodialysis (HD) patients are at risk of HEV infection. Based on consequences of HEV infection it is important to determine the serological and molecular epidemiology of HEV in HD patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of HEV antibodies and HEV RNA in HD patients.

The sera of 84 HD patients were collected and tested for anti- HEV IgG and anti IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at Golestan hospital in Ahvaz city during October 2014 and November 2014. HEV RNA was tested in HD patients using RT PCR. The prevalence of anti- HEV IgG was evaluated in the age group (52/84) > 50 and (31/84) < 50 years.

Out of 84 patients, 52 (61.9%) were males and 32 (38.1%) females. The mean age of participants was 52 ± 1.57 years. 43/84 (51.19%) cases including 26/52 (50%) males and 17/32 (53.1%) females were positive for anti-HEV IgG (p=0.95). Among the 43 cases positive anti-HEV IgG 8 cases including 5 (9.61%) males and 3 (9.37%) females tested positive for anti-HEV IgM (p=0.729) while the HEV RNA was negative in HD patients. The distribution of anti- HEV IgG was 62.75% and 33.33% among the age group >50 and <50 respectively (p=0.015).

This study showed high prevalence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies (51.19%) were observed among the HD patients while the HEV RNA tested negative in HD patients. The rate of HEV IgG is significantly higher with increased age. Further investigation require to identify the factors account for high seroprevalence of HEV in Ahvaz HD units.

Food adulteration with pork in processed beef products is one of the most serious issues in a food sector in a Muslim-majority country since it is related to religious food ethics regarding the halal products. The goal of this research is to test the suitability of ingredients in beef floss and its Halal by knowing the presence of pork DNA and protein in those products.

Meat products were prepared from two famous marketplaces in Indonesia labeled contain beef meat. In this study, a qualitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test was compared to a conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay to determine pork adulteration in beef floss.

The results of the ELISA test showed that two products labeling Halal and containing beef ingredients were positive for pork. Those two samples continued testing using conventional PCR assay. The result of the conventional PCR assay was negative for those two samples.

It may be helpful to utilize both traditional PCR and ELISA for species detection due to the possibly inhibiting compounds contained in some processed meat products. The results of this research suggest that ELISA is better than conventional PCR method for product samples that have received an intensive heating process.

Cryptosporidium parvum is an important coccidian parasite infecting many mammals, including human. This parasite can manifest as chronic severe diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals, especially those with AIDS. The present study reports the recombinant production of rP2 and rP23 antigens of C. parvum as antigens for detecting human cryptosporidiosis using indirect ELISA tests.

The coding sequences of rP2 and rP23 proteins were codon-optimized, commercially synthesized and sub-cloned in the pET28a expression vector. The expressed proteins were purified by Ni-NTA column chromatography and confirmed by Western blotting. The efficacy of rP2/rP23 proteins for serodiagnosis was evaluated by positive (n = 20) and negative (n = 20) human sera, confirmed by the Ziehl-Neelsen staining as the gold standard test.

In ELISA test, the sera from C. parvum-infected patients reacted strongly to rP2/rP23. The sensitivity and specificity related to the diagnostic potential of rP2/rP23 in the ELISA assay were 100%.

Our results showed that combination of rP23 and rP2 antigens in ELISA significantly increases the performance of C. parvum serodiagnosis in human cryptosporidiosis.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is identified as the most frequent agent of bacterial infections in humans which can cause various gastrointestinal diseases. This pathogen has infected approximately half of the world’s population, and its outbreak has varied across different regions. The purpose of this study was to estimate the H. pylori infection prevalence amongst patients in Fardis county, Alborz province, Iran, using noninvasive methods.

A total of 5677 patients were analyzed from September 2020 to October 2021 to detect H. pylori by the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG, IgA, and IgM tests, stool antigen test (SAT), and urea breath test (UBT).

Of 5677 patients, 3486 (61.4%) were female and 2191 (38.6%) were male with the mean age of 38.82 ± 18.289 years old. The overall rate of H. pylori infection positive was 31.46%, and the serological tests were the most prescribed types of tests. The IgG test and then SAT detected the most positive cases. Further, the infection rate was significantly associated with age. Except for the case of IgM, which was higher in females compared to males, no significant difference was found between gender and bacteria outbreak.

This study indicated a decline in H. pylori infection prevalence compared with the prior survey conducted at this center. However, its rate amongst the patients referring to Fardis laboratory is still high.

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a mycotoxin found in milk that has a carcinogenic effect and poses significant public health risks. Since the human population's consumption of milk and milk products are quite high, thereby increasing the risk of exposure to AFM1 is of great threat. To assess public health hazards associated with the occurrence of AFM1 in Ultra High Temperature (UHT) milk, a survey was carried out in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE).

A total of 42 UHT milk samples from different commercial brands were collected from January to April 2020. The occurrence and concentration range of AFM1 in the samples were investigated by applying the competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method.

AFM1 was detected in four positive samples (9.5%) with a concentration range of 2.8-7.4 ng/L and a mean concentration of 5.2±1.9 ng/L. However, none of the positive samples had AFM1 levels exceeding the maximum permissible limit (50 ng/L) as set by the European Commission.

AFM1 incidence in the samples selected from UHT consumed milk in Sharjah-UAE is very low and seems to be no serious public health problem at the moment. Frequent analytical surveillance by food control agencies is highly recommended to keep controlling of the incidence of mycotoxin contamination in dairy products consumed in the UAE.DOI: 10.18502/jfqhc.9.1.9689

Accurate detection of the global epidemic-causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is for disease surveillance. Additionally, RT-qPCR has been accepted as a reference test and is widely used for this purpose. However, RT-qPCR applications are not possible in all health centers. Therefore, the tests commonly used in the diagnosis of infectious disease should be evaluated from all angles to assess their potential role in the prognosis and management of COVID-19 patients.

The present study aimed to compare the diagnostic sensitivity of point of care (POC), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and computed tomography (CT) used in the diagnosis of COVID-19.

This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted via searching in databases such as NCBI, Google Scholar, and Medline in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA).

The pooled sensitivity of POC, ELISA, and CT was estimated at 68.62%, 88.05%, and 75.43%, respectively. In addition, the mean correct positivity rate of POC, ELISA, and CT was calculated to be 68.61%, 88.04%, and 79.25%, respectively. The sensitivity and true positivity rate of ELISA was observed to be the highest.

According to the results, ELISA is a more accurate approach to the diagnosis of COVID-19 compared to POC and CT owing to its high sensitivity and true positivity rate, low false negative rate, short processing time, and simple study procedure. Although helpful in diagnosis, confirmation of ELISA results by polymerase chain reaction remains the ‘gold standard’.

Acute Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy period can cause congenital toxoplasmosis. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence rate of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against T. gondii infection during pregnancy and the associated risk factors in southwest Iran.

This study was performed on 88 pregnant women from October to December 2019 in Khorramshahr County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were tested through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

Following serological assays, 38.63% (34/88) and 2.27% (2/88) serum samples were positive for IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. Also, a statistically significant association was observed between IgG seroprevalence and drinking of unpurified water (P = 0.015).

The serological evidence revealed that pregnant women of southwest Iran had moderate exposure to T. gondii parasite. Since the risk of acquiring acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women is clinically important, we highly recommend regular screening tests for T. gondii infection during pregnancy period.