جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « gender » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

According to the Qur’an, the words of the Prophet (PBUH) are based on divine revelation and have thesame characteristics of truth and correctness. Therefore, if a definite quote from the Prophet (PBUH) has reached us, Ali Al-Qaeda will not be inconsistent with the definite evidence of natural sciences. But some people have not reflected this truth and therefore they have started raising various doubts. The purpose of a group of these doubts (such as the doubts explained in this research) is to prove the conflict between medical findings and the narrations narrated from the Prophet (PBUH) regarding thesex-determining factor. The purpose of the present research is to solve the aforementioned conflict by referring to the definitive findings of medical science, lexical and conceptual analysis of the narration and interpretation of Akbar Hadith. This research was conducted according to the method of descriptive data collection and based on library sources. The research method in this research is content analysis, which is used to examine the obvious content of the messages in a text, the most important of which is to describe the characteristics of a text and also to infer aspects of the message. Based on medical findings, changes in factors such as temperature and pH in the reproductive system ofwomen after ovulation affect the survival time of sperms carrying the Y or X chromosome, and in this way, one of them prevails over the other in are counted Therefore, the interpretation of predominance or predominance of male sperm over female in prophetic traditions as a factor in determining gender is in complete agreement with medical findings.

The present study examined the relationship between latent toxoplasmosis and mental disorders.

The sample included 117 toxoplasma-positive volunteers on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Data were collected online using the 71-item abbreviated form of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).

According to the results, a) the psychological profile of latent toxoplasmosis patients in the eight clinical scales of MMPI was within the normal range; b) in the male group, ‘duration of infection’ significantly predicted the scores for the four clinical scales of depression, psychopathic deviate, psychasthenia, and schizophrenia; also, ‘age’ predicted the scores for hypochondriasis and schizophrenia in men; c) in the female group, only ‘age’ was able to predict the scores for the scales of hysteria, paranoia, mental weakness, and social deviance; and d) there was no significant difference between male and female groups in any of the clinical scales.

Duration of infection with latent toxoplasmosis was associated with depression, psychopathtic deviation, psychasthenia, and schizophrenia in infected males, but this was not the case for the infected females in any of the clinical scales of the 71-item abbreviated form of MMPI.

Understanding the antibiotic resistance profile of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in urinary tract infections (UTIs) across different populations and regions is crucial for appropriate antibiotic prescribing practices. This study aimed to assess the antibiotic resistance pattern of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from UTIs in outpatients, focusing on gender and age demographics.

This cross-sectional study analyzed 7365 urine culture samples obtained from patients consecutively referred to the Kashan Reference Laboratory between April 2021 and March 2022. Following sterile urine collection, bacterial cultures were grown on McConkey agar, blood agar, and specific media. Escherichia coli isolates were identified, and antibiotic resistance was determined using the disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar, following National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines.

Among 401 positive urine cultures, 251 (62.5%) were attributed to E. coli, while 150 (37.4%) were related to other organisms. Of the E. coli cases, 226 isolates (90%) were from women and 25 (10%) from men. The E. coli strains exhibited the highest resistance (54.7%) to cefazolin and the lowest resistance (4.4%) to imipenem and nitrofurantoin. Antibiotic resistance in E. coli from men exceeded that of women across all antibiotics tested, with statistically significant differences observed in ceftriaxone, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin (P<0.05). Additionally, antibiotic resistance in E. coli increased significantly in individuals aged 65 years and older compared to younger age groups, particularly in imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole (P<0.05).

Male gender and old age are identified as risk factors associated with heightened antibiotic resistance in UTIs caused by E. coli. Clinicians should consider these factors when selecting empirical therapy for UTIs before culture results are available, especially in men and older patients. Reevaluation of prescribing practices for ceftriaxone in men and ciprofloxacin in men and the elderly is recommended due to elevated levels of antibiotic resistance.

In case of failure to obtain informed consents in pediatric surgery, the four principles of medical ethics have not been observed; as a result, patients’ rights will be violated, and the physician will be held responsible both in terms of medical ethics and legally. The reason is that in the absence of the patient or his/her parents informed consents, a crime has been committed. However, if a consent is obtained, in case the patient dies or is maimed and there is no proof of fault, only civil liability will be realized. Therefore, given the importance of obtaining informed consents, this study assessed the status of obtaining informed consents in pediatric surgery through considering the relationship between the individual giving consent and the patient's age, gender, and type of surgery in terms of being emergency or non-emergency.

In this analytical descriptive cross-sectional study, the data regarding consent forms in pediatric surgery at 17 Shahrivar Hospital, Rasht was collected from April 2018 to September 2019, according to a prepared checklist including the patient’s gender and age, the type of operation, and the relationship between the individual giving consent and the patient. To analyze the research data, ANOVA test was used for quantitative variables and Fisher's exact test was used for qualitative variables. The collected data was entered into SPSS version 21 and the significance level of p<0.05 was considered.

Ethical Considerations: 

This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee. Ethical considerations such as filling out the informed consent form; voluntary participation, explaining the research objectives and ensuring data confidentiality were observed.

Based on the results obtained from 187 cases, 61.3% had emergency surgeries and the rest had non-emergency surgeries. Among the individuals giving consents, 202 were legal custodians (66.2%) and the rest included the mothers without custody of their children (31.8%), the individuals with child custody letters (0.7%) and the individuals without a legal status (other than mothers) (1.3%). According to the results of the present study, among the legal custodians, 199 (98.5%) individuals giving consents were fathers and 3 (1.5%) were both parents. In the case of the individuals without a legal status, 97 (96%) were mothers, 2 (2%) were nurses, 1 (1 percent) was a foster mother and 1 (1 percent) was a grandmother. There was 1 individual with a child custody letter (50%) and 1 grandmother (50%). Based on the obtained results, it was found that gender (p=0.894) and age (p=0.336) had no significant relationship with the individuals giving consents; however, the type of surgery had a significant relationship with the individuals giving consents (p<0.001). Most of the individuals giving consents in emergency surgeries were the patients’ legal custodians.

In many investigated cases, ethical and legal standards were observed in obtaining informed consents from the children’s legal custodians. However, in none of these procedures, there was recorded proof of obtaining consents from children, which needs attention in the health system.

The alignment of the spine can alter the loading of spinal cord segments at different parts. Forward head posture by altering the position of the neck in relation to the body is effective in producing pain and disability in the spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to explore the reliability analysis of the neck and trunk endurance tests in peoples with and without forward head posture and also to evaluate the effect of gender and forward head posture on neck and trunk muscle endurance.

In this descriptive-analytic study, 67 students, including 40 males (mean age 23±1.5 years, mean height 173.6±16 cm, mean weight 69.13±8.69 kg) and 27 females (mean age 23.29±3.31 years, mean height 162.65±5.29 cm and mean weight 59.45±7.04 kg) were randomly assigned to the study and divided into two groups of with and without forward head posture based on craniovertebral angle measured through photography. Deep neck flexor and extension, transverse abdominis, flexors, extensors, and lateral flexor trunk muscles' endurance were assessed in females and males in a test-retest reliability design with one-week interval.

Neck and trunk endurance test were obtained excellent reliability (0.93-0.99). The interaction between forward head posture and gender was significant for the double prone straight leg raise endurance test (P<0.05). It means that the endurance of lower trunk extensor muscles were lower in males with forward head posture (P<0.05; difference=20.28), but no difference was observed in females (P>0.05). The effect of forward head posture was also significant in the Sorenson endurance test (P<0.05). The neck and trunk muscles endurance generally and significantly were lower in females compared to males (P<0.05; difference=9.37-176.68).

Gender is an important factor in the presence of forward head posture affecting trunk muscle endurance. In examining the complications of forward head posture, it is advisable to pay attention to the function of the whole spinal cord.

When men are exposed to the coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), they show severe consequences of this disease, including a higher death rate, than women. These differences are probably due to sex-specific behaviors, genetic and hormonal factors, and sex differences in biological pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several socio-behavioral factors are involved in pathogenesis in men compared to women. However, sex-biological differences and their effects on SARS-COV-2 outcomes have received less attention. Sexual-biological differences between healthy populations and age- and sex-specific conditions such as pregnancy and menopause are also discussed. More extensive studies with gender-specific reporting and robust analyzes are needed to determine how gender can alter the cellular and molecular pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2. This work will improve biomarker interpretation and clinical management of SARS-COV-2 patients by facilitating a personalized medicine approach to risk stratification, prevention, and treatment. The present review summarizes the available literature on proposed molecular and cellular markers associated with SARS-COV-2 infection, their association with health outcomes, and any reported variation by gender.

Helicobacter pylori infection is known as one of the health problems in the world, and the concurrent infection of diabetics with Helicobacter pylori contributes to health and economic problems in the world. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with type 2 diabetes in Gonabad City, Iran.

This case-control study was conducted in Gonabad City, Iran. The number of participants in the study was 168. The method was simple random sampling and the study population was typing 2 diabetic and non-diabetic people who were referred to Gonabad health centers. After obtaining informed consent from the patients, 4 milliliters of venous blood were collected from the patients with type 2 diabetes and the control group, and IgG antibodies against Helicobacter pylori and Fasting Blood Sugar and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) were measured by ELISA and Colorimetric method, respectively. After entering the data into SPSS version 16 software, they were analyzed using independent tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression tests.

In the present study, 71.4% of type 2 diabetes patients had IgG antibodies against H. pylori bacteria. The odds ratio of diabetes in the patients with positive IgG was 1.37 times that of patients with negative IgG, and this relationship was statistically significant (P=0.003).

The present study showed that H. pylori was more common in diabetic patients than non-diabetic ones, and in diabetic patients, there was no statistically significant relationship between the duration of diabetes, family history of diabetes, and smoking history with Helicobacter pylori infection.

 Evaluation of CA19-9 tumor marker level as a suitable and specific marker is useful in early diagnosis and clinical management of pancreatic malignancies with new and reliable laboratory methods such as quantitative luminescence method.

 The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the serum level of CA 19-9 by quantitative luminescence method for the early diagnosis of PADC from other benign pancreatic diseases.

 150 serum samples including; 50 samples with PDAC in different stages of the disease, 50 samples with benign disease conditions (chronic pancreatitis) and 50 healthy samples were examined as reference and control groups based on age/sex. Data analysis was done using Spss version 18 in separate groups with logistic regression analysis, comparison of means (ANOVA) and Tukey.

 The three studied groups (healthy people with an average of 8.031, people with chronic pancreatitis with an average of 49.932, and people with pancreatic cancer with an average of 543.164 (F=231.652, P<0.0001) in terms of average statistical analysis The averages were completely different.90% of the patients were over 50 years old and there was a significant relationship between increasing age and increasing tumor marker CA19-9 (r=0.465, n=150, P=0.000).There was a weak significant relationship between the increase in CA19-9 tumor marker levels in men compared to women (r=0.166, n=150, P=0.042) and in men there was a significant increase in CA19-9 tumor marker levels (30 out of 50 people Patients with pancreatic cancer: 60%) were seen. Also, differentiation of chronic pancreatitis patients from pancreatic cancer with ROC statistical analysis at the cut-off point at 100 units/ml had 100% accuracy in identifying malignancy.

 The level of tumor marker CA 19-9, using age and gender factors, significantly distinguished healthy people from those with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer with very appropriate accuracy.

The aim of this study was to present a structural model to explain grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism in men and women based on objectified body consciousness and psychological capitals with mediating role of self-esteem.

The present study was a correctional-discriptive based on a structural equation model. The statistical population of this study included all men and women over 18 years of age in Ahvaz and 309 of them were randomly selected and tested by available sampling method through social networks. Instruments which were used to collect data were demographic questionnaire, Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBC), Luthans Psychological Capital Scale (LPCS) and Rosenburg Self-esteem Inventory (RSES). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24 and Amos 24.

Ethical Considerations:

In the present study, ethical principles such as confidentiality of information were observed and there was no possible harm to the subjects.

Results revealed that there was a significant relationship between Objectified Body consciousness with Grandiose Narcissism and Volnerable Narcissism in women. The results of these variables in men were not significant. Objectified body consciousness and psychological capitals with self-esteem was significant for both men and women. Furthermore, Psychological capitals with grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism was significant in men; in women, Psychological capitals only were significant with vulnerable narcissism (p<0. 01). Among indirect path, Self-esteem could significantly play a mediating role for Objectified body consciousness and psychologicalcapitals with grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism in men. In women, the only significant indirectpath was between self-esteem with vulnerable narcissism.

Gender significantly moderated the causal effect of self-esteem on vulnerable narcissism, so that self-esteem in men has a stronger causal effect on vulnerable narcissism. These results can be used by clinical psychotherapists and psychiatrists in therapy with clients who suffer from narcissist personality disorder and related disorders to body image. As regards self-objectification can be led to narcissism and lower levels of self-esteemin individuals, therefore it is recommended that Psychologists and health experts care more about variables which were mentioned.

Decision-making is one of the key factors that are highly associated with psychological factors. However, there are few studies on the relationship between this variable and mental toughness.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental toughness and decision-making accuracy considering the mediating role of gender.

The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all futsal referees in the country's first division in 2020-2021, and 123 individuals were voluntarily selected as the statistical sample. The Spitz & et al. (2018) Decision Accuracy Test of and the Clough & et al. (2002) Mental Toughness Questionnaire were used to collect data. Finally, to examine the relationship between the variables, Pearson correlation, regression and independent t-test, and SPSS version 21 software were used.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between mental toughness and decision accuracy (r=0.32, P=0.001). Also, the results of the components of mental toughness showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the challenge, commitment, emotional control, and life control components with decision accuracy (P<0.05). A multiple regression test showed that decision accuracy is influenced by mental toughness (B=0.030), and there is a significant difference between men and women in mental toughness (t=3.81, P<0.001), but this difference in decision accuracy was not significant (P>0.05).

The presence of a significant relationship between mental toughness and decision accuracy indicates that decision accuracy improves with increasing mental toughness. Therefore, it is suggested that the variable of mental toughness can be used as an effective psychological method to improve cognitive performance.