جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « mouse » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »
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International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine، سال بیست و دوم شماره 7 (پیاپی 174، Jul 2024)، صص 553 -566مقدمه
سمیت نانوذرات نقره (AgNPs) در دستگاه تناسلی زنان به اثبات رسیده است. تیموکینون (TQ) یک آنتی اکسیدان طبیعی و جزء فعال زیستی Nigella sativa است.
هدفما اثربخشی TQ را بر روی بافت تخمدان موش های ماده به دنبال سمیت القا شده توسط AgNPs را ارزیابی کردیم.
مواد و روش ها24 موش ماده نژاد NMRI (با سن 6-5 هفته ای و میانگین وزنی 33 گرم) به طور تصادفی به 4 گروه (6 موش/در هرگروه) تقسیم شدند: کنترل، AgNPs (500 میلی گرم/کیلوگرم، به صورت گاواژ)، TQ (5/2 میلی گرم/کیلوگرم به صورت تزریق داخل صفاقی) و TQ+AgNPs. موش ها روزانه به مدت 35 روز تیمار شدند. سطوح سرمی مالون دی آلدئید (MDA)، ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی کل (TAC)، هورمون لوتئینه کننده و هورمون محرک فولیکولی اندازه گیری شد. برای تخمین تعداد فولیکول ها و حجم آن ها در مراحل مختلف رشد و ساختار بافت تخمدان از روش های اپتیکال دایسکتور و استریولوژیک استفاده گردید.
نتایجدر گروه AgNPs، غلظت سرمی TAC (01/0 = p)، هورمون لوتئینه کننده (001/0 > p)، هورمون محرک فولیکولی، حجم جسم زرد (001/0 > p) و تعداد فولیکول ها در مقایسه با گروه کنترل به طور معنی داری کاهش یافت. با این وجود، AgNPs سطح MDA را به طور معنی داری افزایش داد. در گروه TQ+AgNPs نسبت به گروه AgNPs، کاهش معنی دار در سطح MDA (001/0 > p) و بهبود قابل توجه در TAC (03/0 = p) و سطح هورمون ها، تعداد فولیکول های اولیه، پری آنترال و آنترال (04/0 = p) و حجم جسم زرد (01/0 = p) مشاهده گردید.
نتیجه گیریTQ با کاهش استرس اکسیداتیو و پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی در بافت تخمدان آسیب دیده با AgNPs، تعداد فولیکول ها را بهبود بخشید.
کلید واژگان: نانوذرات, نقره, تیموکینون, تخمدان, موش}BackgroundThe toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been proven in the female reproductive system. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a natural antioxidant and bioactive component of Nigella sativa.
ObjectiveWe evaluated the efficacy of TQ on ovarian tissue following toxicity induced by AgNPs in female mice.
Materials and Methods24 female NMRI mice (5-6 wk, an average weight of 33 gr) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 6/each): control, AgNPs (500 mg/kg, gavage), TQ (2.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection), and TQ+AgNPs. Mice were treated every day for 35 days. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone were measured. The optical disector and stereological techniques were utilized to estimate the follicular count, their volume at different developmental stages, and the structure of ovarian tissue.
ResultsIn the AgNPs group, the serum concentrations of TAC (p = 0.01), luteinizing hormone (p < 0.001), follicle-stimulating hormone, the volume of corpus luteum (p < 0.001), and the number of follicles decreased significantly compared to the control group. Nevertheless, AgNPs significantly increased the MDA level. In the TQ+AgNPs group compared to the AgNPs group, a significant decrease in MDA level (p < 0.001) and a significant improvement in TAC (p = 0.03), and hormonal levels, the number of primary, preantral, and antral follicles (p = 0.04), and the volume of corpus luteum (p = 0.01) were observed.
ConclusionTQ improved the number of follicles by reducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in AgNPs-damaged ovarian tissue.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Silver, Thymoquinone, Ovary, Mouse} -
مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، سال سی و دوم شماره 6 (پیاپی 214، شهریور 1403)، صص 7894 -7911مقدمه
شایع ترین عارضه شیمی درمانی، ناباروری ناشی از نارسایی زودرس تخمدان (POF) است. بیماریPOF به عنوان از دست دادن عملکرد طبیعی تخمدان قبل از 40 سالگی تعریف می شود که با افزایش سطح گنادوتروپین، کاهش سطح استرادیول و کاهش ذخیره تخمدان مشخص شده و اغلب منجر به ناباروری می شود. علی رغم تاثیر زیاد POF بر سلامت عمومی و کیفیت زندگی، پاتوفیزیولوژی این بیماری نامشخص است. برای این منظور مدل های حیوانی این فرصت را در اختیار ما قرار می دهند که به طور فرضی پاتوژنز بیماری را به طور جامع بررسی کنیم. رایج ترین روش ایجاد مدل حیوانی نارسایی زودرس تخمدان، استفاده از داروهای شیمی درمانی می باشد. در این مطالعه، انواع داروهای شیمی درمانی و نیز مسیرهای مولکولی مربوطه که در ایجاد مدل نارسایی زودرس تخمدان در موش نقش دارند، مورد بررسی قرار خواهند گرفت.
نتیجه گیریبا توجه به مطالعات انجام شده، داروی سیکلوفسفامید به عنوان رایج ترین داروی گنادوتوکسیک به منظور ایجاد مدل POF در موش معرفی می گردد.
کلید واژگان: نارسایی زودرس تخمدان, داروهای شیمی درمانی, ناباروری, موش}Journal of Shaeed Sdoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd, Volume:32 Issue: 6, 2024, PP 7894 -7911IntroductionThe most common complication of chemotherapy is infertility due to premature ovarian failure (POF). POF is defined as the loss of normal ovarian function before age 40, characterized by increased gonadotropin levels, decreased estradiol levels, and diminished ovarian reserve, often leading to infertility. Despite the high impact of POF on general health and quality of life, the pathophysiology of this disease is unclear. For this purpose, animal models provide us with the opportunity to hypothetically investigate the pathogenesis of the disease comprehensively. The most common method of creating an animal model of premature ovarian failure is the use of chemotherapy drugs. In this study, the types of chemotherapy drugs and the relevant molecular pathways that play a role in creating the premature ovarian failure model in mice will be investigated
ConclusionAccording to the studies, cyclophosphamide drug is introduced as the most common gonadotoxic drug in order to induce POF model in mice.
Keywords: Premature Ovarian Failure, Chemotherapy Drugs, Infertility, Mouse} -
مقدمه
مداخلات تغذیه ای یکی از اثربخش ترین روش های پیشگیری و کنترل دیابت می باشد. شیر شتر به همراه درمان های معمول، اثرات مثبتی بر قند خون بیماران دیابتی داشته است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر لاکتوباسیل کازئی موجود در شیر شتر بر پروفایل قندی و لیپیدی موش های دیابتی تیپ یک انجام شد.
روش بررسیاین مطالعه از نوع مداخله ای بوده و به روش کارآزمایی تجربی انجام شد. 32 سر موش در چهار گروه هشت تایی، رندوم تقسیم شدند. پس از دیابتیک کردن، موش ها به صورت یک روز درمیان با دو سی سی از فرآورده تهیه شده برای هر گروه تحت گاواژ قرار گرفتند. ارزیابی ها (وزن، غلظت های سرمی گلوکز، FBS، اوره، کراتینین، اسید اوریک، LDL،HDL ، TG، کلسترول و هم چنین آنزیم های کبدی AST و ALT و ALP) پس از 30 روز از دریافت گاواژ انجام شد. به منظور آنالیز داده ها از نرم افزار SPSS version 16 استفاده شد.
نتایجمیانگین وزن و غلظت سرمی LDL در گروه تیمار با پروبیوتیک های لاکتوباسیل کازئی استاندارد و بومی به صورت معناداری کمتر از گروه کنترل دیابتیک بود (P<0.05) و میانگین HDL در گروه تیمار با پروبیوتیک های لاکتوباسیل کازئی استاندارد و بومی بالاتر از گروه کنترل دیابتیک بود (P<0.05)، اما تفاوت معنی داری بین گروه پروبیوتیک لاکتوباسیل کازئی بومی با استاندارد نبود. اوره، اسیداوریک، FBS، Cr، TG، کلسترول، AST، ALT و ALP بین گروه پروبیوتیک لاکتوباسیل کازئی استاندارد و بومی با گروه کنترل دیابتیک تفاوت معنی داری نداشت (P>0.05).
نتیجه گیریبه نظر می رسد پروبیوتیک های لاکتوباسیل کازئی شیرشتر شاید بتوانند سبب بهبود کاهش وزن و بهبود پروفایل لیپیدی (افزایش HDL، کاهش LDL و نسبت LDL/HDL) در موش های دیابتیک نوع یک داشته باشند که نیاز به انجام مطالعات گسترده تر در این زمینه می باشد.
کلید واژگان: موش, دیابت, لاکتوباسیل, پروبیوتیک}Journal of Shaeed Sdoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd, Volume:32 Issue: 3, 2024, PP 7686 -7694IntroductionNutritional interventions are one of the most effective methods of diabetes prevention and control. Along with usual treatments, camel milk has had positive effects on the blood sugar of diabetic patients. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of lactobacillus casei present in camel milk on the sugar and lipid profile of type 1 diabetic rats.
MethodsThis was of an intervention study and carried out by an experimental trial method. 32 mice were randomly divided into four groups of eight. After making diabetic, the rats were gavage with 2cc of the product prepared for each group every other day. Evaluations (weight, serum concentrations of glucose, FBS, urea, creatinine, uric acid, LDL, HDL, TG, cholesterol, as well as liver enzymes AST, ALT, and ALP) were performed after 30 days of receiving gavage. In order to analyze the data, SPSS16 software was used.
ResultsThe mean weight and serum concentration of LDL in the treatment group with standard and native Lactobacillus casei probiotics was significantly lower than the diabetic control group (P<0.05) and the mean HDL in the treatment group with standard and native Lactobacillus casei probiotics was higher than the diabetic control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the native Lactobacillus casei probiotic group and the standard. Urea, uric acid, FBS, Cr, TG, cholesterol, AST, ALT and ALP was not significantly different between the standard and native Lactobacillus casei probiotic group and the diabetic control one (P>0.05).
ConclusionIt seems that lactobacillus casei probiotics from camel milk may be able to improve weight loss and improve lipid profile (increase in HDL, decrease in LDL and LDL/HDL ratio) in type 1 diabetic rats, which requires more extensive studies in this field.
Keywords: Mouse, Diabetes, Lactobacillus, Probiotic} -
Background
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of seizure. The oxidant/antioxidant factors and miRNA expression in the brain are differentially regulated in seizure.
ObjectivesWe aim to investigate the potential mechanism of action for the recombinant human VEGF (rhVEGF) in mice with maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizure.
Materials & MethodsA total of 40 male mice (weight: 20-25 g) were treated intraperitoneally with normal saline, or rhVEGF (50, 100, and 150 µg/kg, daily for 4 consecutive days). One hour after the last injection, seizures were induced in each animal by MES. The latency for the onset of the first clonus and the duration of hind limb extension (HLE) were recorded. The levels of nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and micoRNA-142-5p expression were determined in the hippocampus of mice. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was also estimated by Evans blue dye extravasation method.
ResultsThe administration of rhVEGF at all doses significantly reduced the HLE duration. However, latency for the seizure onset increased after administration of 50 and 150 μg/kg rhVEGF and decreased after administration of 100 μg/kg rhVEGF. In the brain, the NO level decreased, while TAC level and microRNA-142-5p expression increased by rhVEGF treatment in mice with MES-induced seizure. Pretreatment with rhVEGF at doses of 100 and 150 μg/kg reversed the increase in BBB leakage induced by MES-induced seizures.
ConclusionThe rhVEGF administration can prevent MES-induced seizures by regulating NO, TAC, and miR-142-5 expression levels in the hippocampus and reducing BBB leakage in mice.
Keywords: Vascular endothelial growth factor, Generalized tonic-clonic seizure, Blood-brain Barrier, microRNAs, mouse, Oxidative stress} -
Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench Journal, Volume:17 Issue: 1, Winter 2024, PP 64 -73Aim
This study is done to investigate the hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of corn silk extract in nicotine-administered male mice.
BackgroundNicotine can induce pathophysiological effects in the liver tissue through oxidative stress and damage cells. Corn silk can improve liver function with its antioxidant effects.
MethodsIn this experimental study, 30 male NMRI mice (25-30 gr) were divided into 5 groups: controls, sham, nicotine 2.5 mg/kg, nicotine+aqueous extract of corn silk 400 mg/kg, and nicotine+methanolic extract of corn silk 400 mg/kg for 1 month. One day after the last nicotine and extracts consumption, the serum samples were performed for biochemical measurement, and the supernatant of the homogenized liver was administered for antioxidant variables assessment.
ResultsThere was no significant difference in the body weight of different groups. Liver weight and GSH decreased in the nicotine group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, liver enzymes, and MDA increased in the nicotine group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, the expansion of sinusoids, the presence of inflammatory cells, and necrosis of liver cells were observed in the nicotine group compared to the control group. Using aqueous and methanolic extracts of corn silk in mice receiving nicotine led to the improvement of the mentioned variables (P<0.05).
ConclusionThe results of this study showed that the use of nicotine can lead to the induction of hepatotoxicity. The use of aqueous and methanolic extracts of corn silk improved them through its antioxidant activity.
Keywords: Corn silk, Liver, Nicotine, Mouse} -
Objective(s)Bevacizumab is a commonly used anticancer drug in clinical practice, but it often leads to adverse reactions such as vascular endothelial damage, hypertension, arterial and venous thrombosis, and bleeding. This study investigated the protective effects of metformin against bevacizumab-induced vascular injury in a mouse model and examined the possible involvement of GDF15/PI3K/AKT/FOXO/PPARγ signaling in the effects.Materials and MethodsC57 male mice were purchased. To investigate metformin, the mice were assigned to the saline, bevacizumab (15 mg every 3 days), metformin (1200 mg/day), and bevacizumab+metformin groups. To investigate GDF15, the mice were assigned to the siNC+bevacizumab, siNC+bevacizumab+metformin, siGDF15+bevacizumab, and siGDF15+bevacizumab+metformin groups. Histological staining was used to evaluate vascular injury. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis. ELISA was used to measure plasma endothelial injury markers and proinflammatory cytokines. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to determine the expression of GDF15 and PI3K/AKT/FOXO/PPARγ in aortic tissues.ResultsMetformin alleviated bevacizumab-induced abdominal aortic injury, endothelial cell apoptosis, and systemic inflammation in mice (all P<0.05). Metformin up-regulated GDF15 expression and PI3K/AKT/FOXO/PPARγ signaling in the abdominal aorta of mice treated with bevacizumab (all P<0.05). siGDF15 abolished the vascular protective and anti-inflammatory effects of metformin (all P<0.05). siGDF15 suppressed PI3K/AKT/FOXO/PPARγ signaling in the abdominal aorta of mice treated with bevacizumab (all P<0.05).ConclusionMetformin attenuates bevacizumab-induced vascular endothelial injury, apoptosis, and systemic inflammation by activating GDF15/PI3K/AKT/FOXO/PPARγ signaling.Keywords: Bevacizumab, Growth differentiation-factor 15, Metformin, Mouse, PI3K, AKT, FOXO, PPARγ-, Signaling pathway, Vascular injuries}
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مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، سال شصت و ششم شماره 6 (پیاپی 192، بهمن و اسفند 1402)، صص 1490 -1504مقدمه
کرمها پاسخهایایمنی نوع دوم را فعال میکنند که منجر به ترشح سایتوکاینهای IL4,1L13. میگردند واین سایتوکاینها منجر به محافظت میزبان از طریق ترمیم بافت، کنترل التهاب و دفع کرمها میگردند. مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر استفاده از آنتی ژن های سوماتیک نماتود مارشالاژیا مارشالی بر التیام زخم های تمام ضخامت پوستی در موش صورت گرفت.
روش کاردراین مطالعه تعداد 72 قطعه موش به گروه A، B، C و D تقسیم شدند. زیرگروه های A آنتی ژن با دوز µg 40 به ازای هر موش، زیرگروه های B آنتی ژن با دوز µg 20 به ازای هر موش، زیرگروه های C ادجوانت آلوم دریافت نمودند و زیر گروه های D به عنوان کنترل منفی در نظر گرفته شدند. 24 ساعت پس ازایجاد زخم ها، موش های گروه آزمایش با آنتی ژن و ادجوانت آلوم به صورت تزریق زیرپوستی در چهار طرف زخم تحت درمان قرار گرفتند. جهت ارزیابی ژیومتریک در روز های صفر، 1، 3، 6، 9، 12، 15، 18، 21، تصاویر دیجیتال تهیه شد. عکس های حاصل با نرم افزار Image J مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.
نتایجاختلاف معنی داری از نظر درصد انقباض زخم و التیام زخم و میزان نفوذ سلول های آماسی در گروه درمانی با دوز µg 20 از آنتی ژن مشاهده شد)05/0 ≥ P)
نتیجه گیرینتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان می دهد که کاربرد آنتی ژن های سوماتیک نماتود مارشالاژیا مارشالی با دوز µg 20 به صورت تزریق زیرپوستی سبب تسریع روند التیام زخم می شود.
کلید واژگان: مارشالاژیا مارشالی, زخم, التیام, موش}IntroductionHelminth-induced type 2 immune responses, which are characterized by the T helper 2 cell-associated cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13, mediate host protection through enhanced tissue repair, the control of inflammation and worm expulsion. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of somatic antigens of nematode Marshallagia marshalli on healing of full-thickness skin wound healing in mice.
Material and MethodIn this study, 72 adult mice were divided into 4 groups A, B, C and D. Subgroups A the dose of 40 μg /mice, B the dose of 20 µg / mice, C the alum adjuvant group and D were considered as negative controls. Twenty four hours after made wounds, all mice were treated subcutaneously at the four sides of the wound. The wounds evaluated at days 0,1.3,6,9,12,15,18 and 21 by taken digital photographs. The images were analyzed by Image J software.
ResultsAfter analyzing a significant difference were showed in the percentage of wound contraction, wound healing and the infiltration rate of inflammatory cells in the treatment group with a dose of 20 μg (P ≤ 0.05).
ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that application of somatic antigens of Marshallia marshalla nematode with a dose of 20 μg subcutaneous injection accelerates the healing process of wound healing.
Keywords: Marshallagia marshalli, Wound, Healing, Mouse} -
Objective (s)
Knowing the detrimental role of oxidative stress in wound healing and the anti-oxidant properties of Dexpanthenol (Dex), we aimed to produce Dex-loaded electrospun core/shell nanofibers for wound healing study. The novelty was measuring oxidative stress in wounds to know how oxidative stress was affected by Dex-loaded fibers.
Materials and MethodsTPVA solution containing Dex 6% (w/v) (core) and PVA/chitosan solution (shell) were coaxially electrospun with variable injection rates of the shell solution. Fibers were then tested for physicochemical properties, drug release profile, and effects on wound healing. Levels of tissue lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity were measured.
ResultsFibers produced at shell injection rate of 0.3 ml/hr (F3 fibers) showed core/shell structure with an average diameter of 252 nm, high hydrophilicity (swelling: 157% at equilibrium), and low weight loss (13.6%). Dex release from F3 fibers seemed to be ruled by the Fickian mechanism based on the Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R2 = 0.94, n = 0.37). Dex-loaded F3 fibers promoted fibroblast viability (128.4%) significantly on day 5 and also accelerated wound healing compared to the neat F3 fibers at macroscopic and microscopic levels on day 14 post-wounding. The important finding was a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (0.39 nmol/ mg protein) level and an increase in superoxide dismutase (5.29 unit/mg protein) activity in Dex-loaded F3 fiber-treated wound tissues.
ConclusionDex-loaded core/shell fibers provided nano-scale scaffolds with sustained release profile that significantly lowered tissue oxidative stress. This finding pointed to the importance of lowering oxidative stress to achieve proper wound healing.
Keywords: Core, shell nanofiber, Dexpanthenol, Fibroblast, Mouse, Oxidative stress, Wound healing} -
Introduction
Lung cancer is an important burden, causing a massive rate of deaths every year. Using a specialized treatment regimen can improve treatment outcomes and reduce treatmentrelated adverse events. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of the Opuntia dillenii fruit hydroalcoholic extract (ODHAE) in a mouse model of lung cancer.
MethodsEight groups of lung cancer-induced BALB/c mice (each containing twelve animals) were included in this study. They were the control group, groups receiving the ODHAE extract at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg by oral gavage, the cisplatin group receiving cisplatin intraperitoneal injection, and groups receiving cisplatin and different doses of ODHAE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). Weight and tumor changes were evaluated in the short and long phases of the study, including 30 and 90 days, respectively. Liver transaminase and survival time were evaluated in different groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was evaluated in different groups as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Statistical tests were performed using GraphPad Prism 8. Graphs were designed using GraphPad Prism 8 as well.
ResultsThe observed weight changes were not statistically significant across all groups, except for group 8. However, in groups that did not receive cisplatin treatment, there was a significant increase in tumor volume. Conversely, tumor volume change did not reach statistical significance in all groups receiving cisplatin. The administration of ODHAE, along with cisplatin, demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in the survival time among the relevant groups. Furthermore, oral administration of ODHAE exhibited a significant reduction in transaminase levels, serving as a reliable biomarker for assessing the hepatoprotective effect of the ODHAE extract. Additionally, ODHAE displayed a dose-dependent reduction in MDA levels, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for mitigating oxidative stress.
ConclusionThe administration of ODHAE was not effective in reducing tumor growth but significantly increased survival time and healed the liver injury induced by cisplatin.
Keywords: Lung cancer, Mouse, Opuntia dillenii, Hydroalcoholic extract, Liver} -
Background & Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of saffron extract on the embryo development of mice.
Materials & MethodsPregnant NMRI mice were randomized into control and treatment groups at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg saffron doses. Saffron extract was administered to mice by gavage on days 7-12 of pregnancy. On the 17th day of pregnancy, the embryos were removed from the uterus and their weight and height measured. Moreover, their brain tissue has been evaluated histologically. Subsequently, the expression of the Foxp2 and Ascl1 genes in the brain tissue was assessed using the real-time PCR method.
ResultsAll embryos were aborted in mothers that received 100 mg/kg of saffron. At dose 50 mg/kg, only embryos of a mother reached the end of pregnancy. Embryos treated with 25 mg/kg saffron were significantly heavier than controls (P<0.05). Furthermore, the tail length was significantly shorter (P<0.05). Histological findings showed that there was no difference between the control and treated groups, and the brain tissue was well developed. Foxp2 and Ascl1 genes were significantly overexpressed in both the 25 and 50 mg/kg treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0.05).
ConclusionThe results of this study showed that saffron extract can have significant effects in low concentrations (25 mg/kg) on the development of the mouse embryos as well as the expression of Foxp2 and Ascl1 genes.
Keywords: saffron, embryo, mouse, Foxp2 gene, Ascl1 gene} -
Background and objectives
Human diet is branded with higher caloric and protein content and cooking processes in comparison with the diet of the primate species. The aim of this study was to explore the differences between human diet and chimpanzee diet which consists of fruits and vegetables, to find benefits and harmful aspects of human nutritional behavior.
MethodsDifferentially expressed genes (DEGs) of mouse liver in response to consume “human cafeteria diet” and “chimpanzee diet” were acquired form Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The DEGs were assessed based on p-adj and fold change criteria. The significant DEGs were included in a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to form an interactome unit. Central nodes of the studied network were determined based on degree value and betweenness centrality. The identified central genes were evaluated via gene ontology.
ResultsNumbers of 150 significant DEGs that discriminated the two nutrition diet regimes were introduced. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoylCoA desaturase (SCD), and farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1) were pointed out as the central DEGs. “Activation of gene expression by SREBF (SREBP)” and “NR1H2 & NR1H3 regulate gene expression linked to lipogenesis” were highlighted as two classes of the biological terms that were related to the central DEGs.
ConclusionThe findings indicated that human cafeteria diet is a lipogenic regime compared to the chimpanzee diet which is enriched with vegetables. The studied human nutrition behavior was accompanied with increased level of fatty acid synthesis enzymes beside cholesterol accumulation in body.
Keywords: fatty acid, human, mouse, network, nutrition} -
مقدمه
آسم یک بیماری مزمن تنفسی است که با اسپاسم برونش، التهاب راه های هوایی و مشکلات تنفسی مشخص می شود. با توجه به شیوع بالای این بیماری، استفاده از طب سنتی ایران (ITM) در سال های اخیر افزایش یافته است.
هدفدر این مطالعه، اثر یک فرمول چند گیاهی (شربت عسل مرکب) در درمان آسم آلرژیک مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
روش بررسی60 موش Balb/c به پنج گروه 12 تایی به شرح زیر تقسیم شدند: گروه 1، حساس شده با اوالبومین. گروه 2، دریافت کننده PBS. گروه 3، تیمار با شربت عسل ترکیبی خوراکی، گروه 4، تیمار با شربت عسل ترکیبی استنشاقی و گروه 5، تیمار با بودزونید استنشاقی. سپس، واکنش بیش از حد راه هوایی (AHR) با استفاده از تست متاکولین و سطح سیتوکین ها در مایع لاواژ برونش آلویولار (BALF) و ایوزینوفیل ها در خون و BALF اندازهگیری شد. تغییرات بافت شناسی ریه ها نیز بررسی شد.
نتایجشربت عسل ترکیبی خوراکی از ایجاد AHR جلوگیری کرد. شربت عسل ترکیبی خوراکی و استنشاقی به طور قابل توجهی تعداد ایوزینوفیل ها را در خون و نمونه های BALF کاهش داد. علاوه بر این، هر دو نوع خوراکی و استنشاقی شربت به طور قابل توجهی سطوح 5-IL و 13-IL را در نمونه های BALF و خون در مقایسه با حیوانات دریافت شده با OVA کاهش دادند (0/05>P).
نتیجه گیریداده های حاضر نشان می دهد که شربت عسل ترکیبی یک فرمول گیاهی موثر برای کاهش پاسخ التهابی ناشی از آسم است و بنابراین می تواند درمانی امیدوارکننده برای مدیریت این بیماری باشد.
کلید واژگان: آسم آلرژیک, پاسخ ضدالتهابی, طب سنتی ایرانی, شربت عسل ترکیبی, موش}BackgroundAsthma is a chronic respiratory ailment characterized by bronchospasm, airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, and recurrent episodes of breathing complications. Due to the high incidence of this disease, there has been a surge in the use of complementary branches of medicine such as Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) in recent times.
ObjectivesIn this study, the efficacy of an ITM polyherbal formulation (Compound Honey Syrup) in the management of allergic asthma was explored.
Methods60 Balb/c mice were divided into five groups (n = 12) as follows: G1, ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized; G2, PBS-treated; G3, OVA + oral Compound Honey Syrup; G4, OVA + inhalational compound honey; G5, OVA + inhalational Budesonide. Subsequently, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was assessed using methacholine test, cytokines levels were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and eosinophilia was assayed in blood and BALF. Also, histological transformation of the lungs was analyzed.
ResultsOral Compound Honey Syrup prevented the development of AHR. Both oral and inhalational Compound Honey Syrup significantly diminished eosinophil counts in blood and BALF specimens. Moreover, both types of Compound Honey Syrup treatments remarkably reduced the levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF and blood samples in comparison to the OVA-received animals (P < 0.05).
ConclusionThe present data show that Compound Honey Syrup is an effective herbal formulation to alleviate asthma-induced inflammatory response and therefore can be a promising remedy for the management of this disease.
Keywords: Allergic Asthma, Inflammatory response, Iranian traditional medicine, Compound Honey Syrup, Mouse} -
هدف
استئوپونتین یک فسفوپروتئین گلیکوزیله در ماتریکس خارج سلولی است که در بافت های مختلف بیان می شود و در بسیاری از فرآیندهای پاتوبیولوژیکی از جمله سرطان و متاستاز نقش دارد. افزایش بیان OPN، در مراحل پیشرفته سرطان پستان در مطالعات متعددی مورد تایید واقع شده است، ولی تا به امروز هیچ مطالعه ای ارتباط بین استئوپونتین و متاستاز در سرطان پستان را مورد بررسی قرار نداده است.
مواد و روش هاپس از ایجاد مدل موشی سرطان سینه با استفاده از رده سلولی 4T1، سلول های توموری اولیه و متاستاتیک به ترتیب از توده توموری، ریه و مغز موش های سرطانی جدا، تکثیر و به ترتیب 4T1T، 4T1L و 4T1B نامیده شدند. بیان استئوپونتین در این سلول ها با استفاده از واکنش زنجیره ای پلیمراز در زمان واقعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
یافته هایافته های ما نشان داد که در سلول های توموری متاستاتیک بیان استئوپونتین به طور قابل توجهی افزایش می یابد. بیان استئوپونتین در 4T1L و 4T1B به ترتیب 3/2 برابر و 25/3 برابر در مقایسه با سلول های توموری اولیه، افزایش داشت.
نتیجه گیریبرای اولین بار، این یافته ها اطلاعات جدیدی در مورد بیان استئوپونتین در آبشار متاستاتیک سرطان پستان ارائه کرد. تجزیه و تحلیل خواص مولکولی سلول های توموری متاستاتیک می تواند در درک بیش تر از جنبه های مولکولی و ژنتیکی مقاومت دارویی و هم چنین طراحی استراتژی های درمانی هدفمند برای مبارزه با متاستاز سرطان پستان استفاده شود.
کلید واژگان: استئوپونتین, سرطان پستان, متاستاز, موش}Koomesh, Volume:25 Issue: 4, 2023, PP 460 -465IntroductionOsteopontin (OPN) is a glycosylated phosphoprotein found in the extracellular matrix that is expressed in a variety of body tissues and is involved in a variety of pathobiological processes such as cancer and metastasis. Several studies have reported increased OPN gene expression in advanced stages of breast cancer, but no studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between OPN and metastasis in breast cancer.
Materials and MethodsAfter the development of an animal model of breast cancer using the 4T1 cell line, primary and metastatic tumor cells were isolated from the tumor mass, lung, and brain of cancerous mice, multiplied, and named 4T1T, 4T1L, and 4T1B, respectively. The expression of OPN in these cells has been analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction.
ResultsAccording to our findings, metastatic tumor cells significantly increase their OPN expression. OPN expression was increased 2.3-fold and 3.25-fold in 4T1L and 4T1B cells, respectively, when compared to primary tumor cells.
ConclusionThese findings provided important insights into OPN expression in the metastatic cascade of breast cancer for the first time. In this account, the analysis of the molecular properties of metastatic tumor cells can help researchers better understand the molecular and genetic aspects of chemoresistance, as well as design targeted therapeutic strategies to combat breast cancer metastasis.
Keywords: Osteopontin, Breast Cancer, Metastasis, Mouse} -
Objective(s)Liver fibrosis is a common liver disease caused by chronic liver damage. However, there are currently no approved drugs available to treat it. Therefore, the therapeutic effect of indirubin on liver fibrosis was evaluated. This study investigated the protective effect and related molecular mechanism of indirubin against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice.Materials and MethodsWe first detected the effect of indirubin on liver fibrosis in mice (n=8 per group, 32 mice total) by ELISA, HE, and Masson staining. Subsequently, the proliferation of activated HSCs was detected by MTT and EdU. Finally, the changes of related proteins and signaling pathways in mice treated with indirubin were investigated by qRT-PCR and Western blot. One-way ANOVA or two-tailed student’s t-test was used for comparison between groups.ResultsFirstly, we found that indirubin (25 mg/kg) therapy could attenuate liver injury and significantly down-regulate α-SMA (P=0.0038) and collagen 1 (P=0.0057) in the liver using CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Secondly, we showed that indirubin (25 μM) could significantly inhibit hepatic stellate cell (HSC) trans-differentiation into myofibroblasts and proliferation (P=0.0063) in HSC-T6 cells treated by TGF-β. Finally, we showed that indirubin could greatly reduce the protein levels of p-Smad2/3, p38, p-ERK, and p-JNK in vivo and in vitro.ConclusionOur results suggested that indirubin alleviated liver fibrosis and HSC activation mainly through TGF-β-mediated signaling pathways in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, our data showed that indirubin could be a promising clinical therapeutic drug for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.Keywords: CCl4, Fibrosis, Indirubin, Liver, Mouse, TGF-β}
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Background
One of the environmental factors leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is traumatic brain injury (TBI). Meanwhile, tau protein hyperphosphorylation is known as one of the mechanisms of AD development. In the present study, the effect of Rosa damascena and Ginkgo biloba aqueous extracts on tau hyperphosphorylation was studied on SH-SY5Y cell lines and mouse TBI models.
MethodsTau protein hyperphosphorylation was induced in SH-SY5Y cells using 10 μM retinoic acid (RA). Then, cells were treated with 500 and 1000 μg/ml aqueous extracts of Rosa damascena and Ginkgo biloba. Cell viability was studied by MTT test and tau protein hyperphosphorylation was studied by western blot and immunostaining techniques. Also, after the induction of TBI by pneumatic cylinder, mice were treated with 500 and 1000 μg/ml aqueous extracts of Rosa damascena and Ginkgo biloba, and the animals were tested for beam balance and walk tests to measure balance and muscle stiffness. Finally, tau protein hyperphosphorylation in the brain was investigated using an immunostaining technique.
ResultsBoth aqueous extracts of Rosa damascena and Ginkgo biloba were able to improve SH-SY5Y viability. Also, a decrease in phosphorylated tau protein was observed in cells treated with aqueous extracts of Rosa damascena and Ginkgo biloba. Performance improvements in beam balance and walk tests in TBI mice treated with 1000 μg/ml Rosa damascena and Ginkgo biloba aqueous extracts were seen. Also, tau protein phosphorylation was significantly decreased in the brain of TBI rats treated with those aqueous extracts.
Conclusionaqueous extracts of Rosa damascena and Ginkgo biloba have neuroprotective effects and are beneficial in reducing TBI-induced tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and they can prevent tau pathology.
Keywords: Extract, Hyperphosphorylation, Mouse, Tau. Alphabetical order} -
International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine، سال بیست و یکم شماره 5 (پیاپی 160، May 2023)، صص 415 -424مقدمه
سدیم سلنیت (SS) و عصاره بافت تخمدان (OTE) رشد و بلوغ فولیکول های پره آنترال را به صورت وابسته به دوز افزایش می دهند.
هدفاثرات SS و OTE را بر بیان ژن های رسپتور هورمون محرک فولیکولی (FSHR) و آنتی ژن هسته ای تکثیر سلولی (PCNA) در فولیکول های بلوغ یافته بررسی شد.
مواد و روش هاعصاره بافت تخمدان از موش های بالغ تهیه شد. فولیکول های پره آنترال (266 = n) از موش های 16-12 روزه جداشده و در سه گروه کنترل، تجربی I (10 نانوگرم بر میلی لیترSS) و تجربی II (OTE) به مدت 12 روز کشت شدند. قطر فولیکولی، بقا و میزان بلوغ فولیکولی، تولید 17-β استرادیول و پروژسترون و بیان ژن های رسپتور هورمون محرک فولیکولی و آنتی ژن هسته ای تکثیر سلولی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
نتایجمیزان بقا فولیکول ها در گروه تحت درمان SS (58/84%) در مقایسه با گروه کشت شده با OTE (023/0 = p، 63/75%) و گروه کنترل (032/0 = p، 38/69%) افزایش معنی داری داشت. میانگین قطر فولیکول ها (µm) در گروه تحت درمان با SS (8/403) و OTE (97/383) به طور معنی داری بیشتر از کنترل (05/342) (032/0 = p) بود. تکوین فولیکولی، شکل گیری انتروم، و آزادسازی تخمک متافاز II (به ترتیب 019/0 = p، 027/0 = p) تولید هورمون های 17 بتا استرادیول و پروژسترون، و بیان ژن های مورد مطالعه در هر دو گروه آزمایشی به طور معنی داری بیشتر از گروه کنترل بود (به ترتیب 021/0 = p، 023/0 = p).
نتیجه گیریاثرات مثبت OTE و SS بر رشد و بلوغ فولیکول های پره آنترال موش از مسیر افزایش بیان ژن های FSHR و PCNA می باشد.
کلید واژگان: رسپتور هورمون محرک فولیکولی, تخمدان, سلنیت سدیم, آنتی ژن هسته ای تکثیر سلولی, موش}BackgroundOvarian tissue extract (OTE) and sodium selenite (SS) enhance the growth and maturation of preantral follicles in a dose-dependent manner.
ObjectiveThe present study was designed to bring more information regarding the mechanism of OTE and SS on the mRNA expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptors (FSHR) and the proliferation cell nuclear antigens (PCNA) of in vitro matured isolated follicles.
Materials and MethodsThe tissue extract was prepared from adult ovaries. The preantral follicles (n = 266) were isolated from 12-16-day-old mice and cultured in the control, experimental I (10 ng/ml SS), and experimental II (OTE) groups for 12 days. The follicular diameter, survival, and maturation rates, also, the production of 17-β-estradiol and progesterone, and the follicular expression of PCNA and FSH receptor genes were analyzed.
ResultsThe survival rate of follicles in the SS-treated group (84.58%) was significantly higher than that OTE (75.63%; p = 0.023) and control (69.38%; p = 0.032) groups. The mean diameter of culture follicles in experimental group I (403.8 μm) and experimental group II (383.97 μm) increased significantly in comparison with the control group (342.05 μm; p = 0.032). The developmental rate of follicles, percentages of antrum formation, released metaphase II oocytes (p = 0.027; p = 0.019 respectively), production of hormones and the expression of 2 studied genes were significantly increased in both experimental groups in compare with control group (p = 0.021; p = 0.023 respectively).
ConclusionThe OTE and SS have a positive effect on development of mouse preantral follicles via over-expression of FSHR and PCNA genes.
Keywords: Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, Ovary, Sodium selenite, Proliferation cell nuclear antigen, Mouse, مقایسه رشد فولیکولی تخمدان موش و بیان ژن در حضور سلنیت سدیم و عصاره بافت تخمدان: یک مطالعه تجربی} -
Background
Researchers have mentioned many beneficial effects for the compounds present in the toothbrush tree (Miswak) (Salvadora persica: SP); such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous-alcoholic extract of toothbrush tree on the wound healing of second-degree skin burns in BALB/c mice.
MethodsIn this study, 60 mature mice (8 weeks) were used. The mice were divided into 5 groups of twelve. Groups 1 and 2 were respectively treated with concentrations of 5% and 10% of aqueous-alcoholic extract of the toothbrush plant, group3 was treated with silver sulfadiazine ointment (positive control), group4 was treated with Vaseline (negative control), and group 5 (sham) received no treatment. A second-degree circular burn wound with a diameter of 1 cm was made on the back of the animal. The first to fourth groups were dressed twice a day. On days 4, 7, 10 and 14, sampling was performed from the wounded site and wound healing was evaluated histopathologically.
ResultsInflammation and infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes, being compared to the negative and sham control groups, were significantly reduced in the group treated with 10% SP extract (P<0.01); besides, on days 10 and 14 in the group treated with 10% and 5% SP extracts, the number of fibroblasts, followed by collagen production, epithelialization and formation of new hair follicles in the wound margins significantly increased compared to the negative control and sham group (P<0.05). The number of fibroblasts and collagen fiber density in the group treated with 10% SP extract, compared to the 5% extract group and silver sulfadiazine, showed a significant increase (P<0.05).
ConclusionThe findings showed that using extract of toothbrush plant accelerates the healing process of burn wounds.
Keywords: Burns, Mouse, Skin, Toothbrush tree, Wound healing} -
BackgroundMaslinic acid (MA) is an olive-derived extract with the structure of pentacyclic triterpenes, which potents anti-inflammatory effects. It has been reported that the combination of MA and resistance exercise increases skeletal muscle mass, but there are many unknowns regarding its detailed molecular mechanism. The present study aimed to clarify the effect of MA supplementation on muscle hypertrophic response to acute muscle contraction-induced resistance exercise using animal model.MethodsSeven-week-old ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) male mice fed a diet containing 0.27% MA during an acclimatization of 1 week. After an overnight fast, the right gastrocnemius muscle was subjected to acute resistance exercise using percutaneous electrical stimulationinduced muscle contractions, while the left gastrocnemius muscle was saved as control. The muscle was excised at 1, 3, and 6 hours after exercise and protein synthesis-related signaling expressions were examined.ResultsMA was demonstrated to significantly activate the downstream targets of mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) at Ser240/244 site particularly, while Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway and mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling were unaffected.ConclusionOur results suggested that acute resistance exercise-induced muscle protein synthesis-promoting effect of MA is supported by the activation of downstream signaling of mTOR.Keywords: Regulatory-associated protein of mTOR, Muscle proteins, Muscle Contraction, Resistance exercise, Mouse}
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Vitamins A, D, and microRNAs contribute to T cell differentiation into TH2 phenotypes. We investigated the molecular mechanisms and effects of vitamin A and D on the expression of GATA3 and miR-27-3p isoforms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model of multiple sclerosis. EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, mixed with Complete Freund's Adjuvant, together with injection of pertussis toxin. Treatments began one day before immunization with (200 μg and 100 ng of vitamin A and vitamin D per mouse, respectively, and vitamin A+D (100 μg+50 ng) per mouse. Expression levels of GATA3 and miR‑27‑3p isoforms were measured in the CNS and splenocytes by real-time RT-PCR. The expression level of GATA3 in the mice spinal cords and splenocytes was increased in the vitamin A and A+D-treated EAE mice at 24 h and 48 h after restimulation by 10 µg and 40 µg of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Vitamins A and D and their combination upregulated the miR-27-3p isoforms compared with EAE mice with no treatments. We also demonstrated that miR-273p isoform expression was altered in splenocytes of vitamin-treated EAE mice. The results showed a positive correlation between splenocyte GATA3 levels and miR-27-3p isoform expression. The protective impacts of vitamins A and D in EAE mice may be mediated by the upregulation of GATA3. However, it is not specified whether suppression of GATA3-targeting miRNAs of the miR-27-3p family is involved in this effect. These results do not rule out the possibility that miR-27-3p isoforms might have beneficial effects by targeting other transcripts, such as GluA2 and NR2B.
Keywords: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Inflammation, MicroRNA-27, Mouse, Multiple sclerosis, Vitamin A, Vitamin D} -
Background and aimsEpilepsy is a neurological disorder causing brain dysfunctions. Treatment and control of epilepsy have long been a challenge in medical sciences. Despite the variety of current anticonvulsant drugs, research continues to discover new drugs with the highest efficacy and the lowest side effects. In the present study, the anticonvulsant effects of anethole in the seizure induction with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) were evaluated in a mice model with respect to its possible antioxidant effects. PTZ is known to cause generalized epilepsy in animal models.MethodsAccordingly, in this experimental study, 40 mice were divided into 5 groups; the first group received normal saline, the second group received 10 mg/kg diazepam, and the third to fifth groups were given anethole at 31.25, 62.5 and 125 mg/kg, respectively. Injections were conducted intraperitoneally for one week; then seizures were induced by the intravenous injection of 90 mg/kg PTZ. After determination of the duration of seizures in different groups, the mice were finally placed under deep anesthesia and their prefrontal cortex tissue was isolated to measure nitric oxide (NO), antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations.ResultsThe results showed that anethole increased the delay in the onset of seizures, decreased the amount of nitrite in the brain, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and reduced MDA content in a dose-dependent manner.ConclusionOverall, our results indicated the anticonvulsant effects of anethole that could be mediated by inhibiting oxidative stress.Keywords: Seizure, Mouse, Pentylenetetrazole, anethole}
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