جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « probiotics » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease of the colon or rectum arising from adenoma precursors and serrated polyps. Recently, probiotics have been proposed as an effective and potential therapeutic approach for CRC prevention and treatment. Probiotics have been shown to alleviate inflammation by restoring the integrity of the mucosal barrier and impeding cancer progression.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of live and UV-killed Bacillus subtilis natto on the inflammatory response in CRC. Caco-2 cells were exposed to various concentrations of live and UV- killed B. subtilis natto, and cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. Gene expression analysis of IL-10, TGF-β, TLR2 and TLR4 was performed using RT-qPCR.

Our findings showed that both live and UV-killed B. subtilis natto caused significant reduction in inflammatory response by decreasing the gene expression of TLR2 and TLR4, and enhancing the gene expression of IL-10 and TGF-β in Caco-2 cells as compared to control group.

The results of this study suggest that live and UV-killed B. subtilis natto may hold potential as a therapeutic supplement for modulating inflammation in CRC.

The most common cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea is Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), which causes severe and recurring symptoms. The increase of antibiotic-resistant C. difficile requires alternate treat- ments. Postbiotics, metabolites produced by probiotics, fight CDI owing to their antibacterial capabilities. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-toxigenic potential of postbiotics in combating CDI.

GC-MS evaluated postbiotics from Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum. Disk diffusion and broth microdilution determined C. difficile antibacterial inhibition zones and MICs. Microtiter plates assessed antibiofilm activity. MTT assay evaluated postbiotics anti-viability on HEK293. ELISA testing postbiotic detoxification of toxins A and B. Postbiotics were examined for tcdA and tcdB genes expression using real-time PCR.

The most identified B. bifidum and L. plantarum postbiotic compounds were glycolic acid (7.2%) and butyric acid (13.57%). B. bifidum and L. plantarum displayed 13 and 10 mm inhibition zones and 2.5 and 5 mg/ml MICs against C. difficile. B. bifidum reduced biofilm at 1.25 mg/ml by 49% and L. plantarum by 31%. MTT assay showed both postbiotics had little influence on cell viability, which was over 80%. The detoxification power of postbiotics revealed that B. bifidum decreased toxin A and B production more effectively than L. plantarum, and also their related tcdA and tcdB genes expression reduction were statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Postbiotics' ability to inhibit bacterial growth, biofilm disruption, and toxin reduction makes them a promising adjunctive for CDI treatment and a good solution to pathogens' antibiotic resistance.

Diabetes is a multifactorial disorder that involves several molecular mechanisms and is still one of the key global health challenges with increasing prevalence and incidence. Gut microbiome dysbiosis could activate and recognize receptors that trigger the inflammation response and modulation of insulin sensitivity. In addition, the intricate role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the onset and development of T2D (Type 2 diabetes mellitus) and associated microvascular complications was identified. These complications include diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic neuropathy, cerebrovascular disorders, and coronary heart disease. A recent interesting strategy to improve these complications is probiotics administration. The safety and health effects of probiotics against various diseases have been validated by various in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. In this review, the related mechanisms between the gut microbiome, initiation, and progression of T2D and its common microvascular complications (DN and DR) have been discussed.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a serious issue affecting both men and women resulting from the invasion of microbial agents into the urinary system. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) against Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from UTI.

In this study, 100 urine specimens were obtained from medical laboratories in western Tehran. E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were identified and subsequently confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined using the disk diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity of L. casei against these strains (four multidrug-resistant isolates from each species) was then evaluated using the agar well diffusion method.

From 100 urine specimens, 76 E. coli and 14 K. pneumoniae isolates were identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that imipenem and nitrofurantoin were the most effective antibiotics against E. coli, while amikacin demonstrated the highest efficacy against K. pneumoniae. In the agar well diffusion assay, L. casei generated growth inhibition zones measuring 19.8 mm ± 3 for E. coli and 20.3 mm ± 4 for K. pneumoniae.

Lactobacillus casei demonstrates notable antimicrobial efficacy against both E. coli and K. pneumoniae, suggesting its potential as an alternative therapeutic option for UTIs.

Considering the considerable influence of the vaginal microbiome on endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation, we hypothesized that cases of recurrent implantation failure (RIF) might benefit from the intravaginal probiotic administration.

Evaluation of the effects of intravaginal probiotic administration before frozen embryo transfer (FET) on the rates of pregnancy and the status of vaginal lactobacillary flora in cases of RIF.

This was a randomized, parallel-group, clinical trial conducted at an infertility clinic in Tehran, Iran between January 2021 and September 2022. A total of 166 reproductive-aged women with a history of unexplained RIF were randomly assigned to either the probiotic group or the control group (n = 83/each group). The probiotic group received intravaginal probiotics (LactoVag®) daily for 2 wk from the second day of the menstrual cycle along with the routine treatment of FET. The control group received only the routine treatment of FET. The primary outcome was the chemical pregnancy rate, and the secondary outcomes were the clinical pregnancy rate and the status of vaginal lactobacillary flora.

A total of 163 participants were included in the final analysis. The probiotic group had a slightly higher chemical pregnancy rate than the control group (39.02% vs. 33.33%), but the difference was not statistically significant (risk ratio: 1.71, 95% CI: 0.77-1.76; p = 0.449). The clinical pregnancy rate was also non-significantly higher in the probiotic group than the control group (37.80% vs 33.33%; RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.76-1.74; p = 0.623).

Intravaginal probiotic administration did not significantly improve the pregnancy rates in RIF cases undergoing FET. Further studies are needed to explore the optimal dose, duration, and timing of probiotic administration, as well as the mechanisms of action and the potential adverse effects of probiotics on the vaginal microbiome and the implantation process.

Various methods, including the use of probiotics, have been suggested to prevent caries. Caries, which is mainly caused by Streptococcus mutans, is one of the bacterial diseases that imposes a heavy cost on society. The present study was conducted to investigate the probiotic products available in Iranian pharmacies that are used for caries prevention.

In this double‑blind randomized clinical trial, 40 students of medicine and pharmacy were randomly allocated to two equal groups of intervention and control using random allocation software. The intervention group used a probiotic pill containing Streptococcus salivarius M18 and K12 bacteria every night before going to bed. The control group used a mouth freshener tablet with the same flavor as the probiotic tablet every night before going to bed. The data were analyzed by SPSS (version 24) software using descriptive statistics (central tendency and dispersion) and inferential statistics (paired t‑test and independent t‑test). Data were collected using Excel software, and statistical analyses were performed by SPSS software (version 24).

The mean number of S. mutans in the intervention group was 754.5 cfu/mm before the intervention and 1701.5 cfu/mm after the intervention, which showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). In the control group, the mean S. mutans was 683 cfu/mm at the beginning of the intervention and 659 cfu/mm at the end of the intervention, which did not indicate a statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Moreover, the normality of data was checked by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.

The mean number of S. mutans bacteria in the group using probiotic tablets was significantly increased compared to those of the control group. However, further studies are suggested to evaluate these products.

Clinical trials investigating the efficacy of oral health prevention materials have conventionally used indices to evaluate the amount of plaque on tooth surfaces. Various methods, including the use of probiotics, have been suggested to prevent oral disease. The present study was conducted to investigate the probiotic products available in Iranian pharmacies that are used for the prevention of dental disease.

In this double‑blind randomized clinical trial, 40 students of medicine and pharmacy were randomly allocated into two equal groups of intervention and control using random allocation software. The intervention group used a probiotic pill containing Streptococcus salivarius M18 and K12 bacteria every night before going to bed. The control group used a mouth freshener tablet with the same flavor as the probiotic tablet every night before going to bed. The mean number of Streptococcus mutans bacteria in both the groups was calculated before and after using probiotic pills. The data were staticali analyzed by descriptive statistics (central tendency and dispersion) and inferential statistics (paired t‑test and independent t‑test) and Kolmogorov-Smironove tests (P<0.05).

The plaque index values at the beginning of the study showed no statistical differences between the intervention and control groups(P = 0.85). The plaque index values in the intervention group before and after the intervention were 0.41 and 0.75, respectively, which showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The plaque index values in the control group before and after the intervention were 0.42 and 0.42, respectively, which indicated no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05).

The mean plaque index in the group using probiotic tablets was significantly increased compared to those of the control group. However, further studies are suggested to evaluate these products

In this study, spore-forming probiotics were employed to eradicate Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms and the presence and expression of genes involved in stress response was examined.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to detect rpoS, relA and mazF genes in S. epidermidis ATCC 12228. Biofilm production was investigated by microtiter plate (MTP) assay. 100X minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentamycin was used to induce persister cells in planktonic and biofilm bacterial cells. The expression of rpoS, relA, and mazF genes was assessed at different time intervals of 2, 8, and 24 h using real-time PCR assay. Then, dilutions of 1, 0.5, and 0.25 µg/ml of the supernatant of Bacillus coagulans culture was used to eradicate the persister cells and the number of colonies was determined.

Persister cells of S. epidermidis were formed after 7 h in planktonic and 5 h in the biofilm structure after exposure to 50 µg/ml of gentamycin. The expression of mazF and rpoS in biofilm structure and the expression of rpoS and relA in persister cells were significantly higher compared to the control (p< 0.05). The number of persister cells showed a reduction of log 2.4 and log 0.8 after exposure to 1 and 0.5 µg/ml B. coagulans supernatant, respectively, but no reduction was observed at the concentration of 0.25 µg/ml.

The results showed that the supernatant of probiotics containing their secretive metabolites can be used as a novel approach to combat persister cells.

Parkinson disease is the world’s second most prevalent neurological disease. In this disease, intracytoplasmic neuronal inclusions are observed in enteric neurons in the gastrointestinal tract, and the composition of the intestinal microbiome is altered. These changes correlate with the motor phenotype. A systematic review was conducted to determine the effect of using probiotics in Parkinson disease.

Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and Ovıd-LWW were searched until April 2021. A total of 27395 records were found according to inclusion and exclusion criteria with the following outcomes: Parkinson disease rating, oxidative stress, and gastrointestinal system markers. Data search, article selection, and data extraction assessments were performed according to the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) guidelines. The Jadad scale was used to rate the evidence’s quality.

Our study information was gathered from 5 randomized controlled trials involving 350 individuals with Parkinson disease receiving probiotic supplements. Parkinson disease rating and non-motor symptoms test were performed in the samples. Also, oxidative stress (glutathione, malondialdehyde) and gastrointestinal system symptoms (bowel opening frequency, gut transit time, complete bowel movement, spontaneous bowel movements) were evaluated during 4-12 weeks of using probiotics in these patients. 

While all high-quality studies demonstrate improvement in disease symptoms of the patients, currently sufficient data are not available to recommend the use of probiotics for people with Parkinson disease in clinical practice.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a very prevalent kind of cancer that is regularly diagnosed on a global scale. The lifestyle is recognized as a significant risk factor for CRC, particularly in cases of sporadic colorectal cancer. The gut microbiota undergoes significant alterations in its natural composition over the first ten years of life. Ensuring homeostasis in the gut is crucial because the structural and metabolic activities of the commensal microbiota prevent the colonization of pathogens in the intestines. Dysbiosis, which refers to an abnormality in the function or structure of the intestinal microbiota, has been linked to several disorders, including CRC. Without a doubt, some probiotics, when correctly prescribed and given, may effectively restore balance to the gut microbiota. This might potentially have a beneficial impact on immunological regulation in the gastrointestinal tract and reduce inflammation of the intestinal lining. New research strongly supports the concept that regular use of certain probiotics might be a practical method to successfully shield patients from the potentially harmful effects of radiation treatment or chemotherapy. Conversely, emerging therapeutic methods known as personalized medicine have provided a fresh perspective in the field of medical science. The correlation between microbiome and personalized medicine has emerged as a particularly intriguing area of further study, with significant implications for the treatment of diseases like cancer. This study aims to investigate the potential relationship between dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer, as well as the possible involvement of probiotics in the improvement of colon cancer. Also, the relationship between personal medicine and intestinal microbiome in the development of various diseases related to the intestine has been mentioned.

Migraine is a chronic and joint disease in children. The results of previous studies on the effectiveness of probiotics in preventing migraine attacks in children have been controversial. This study aims to investigate the effect of probiotics on migraine prophylaxis in children.

In this clinical trial study, 41 children aged 5 to 15 with migraine enrolled the study in two control and intervention groups. Children in the intervention group (18 children) received propranolol at a dose of 1 mg per kilogram of body weight daily in two divided doses along with a 250 mg Yomogi capsule daily for three months, and children in the control group (23 children), received propranolol along with placebo for three months. The study compared the frequency and duration of headache days, PedMIDAS criteria, and parental satisfaction between the two groups before treatment, as well as one month and three months post-treatment.

The number of headache days in both groups decreased over time, but in the intervention group, this decrease was more than the control group was statistically significant (P=0.045). The average PedMIDAS scale after treatment in the intervention group was 3.9 ± 3.8; in the control group, it was 8.4 ± 8.2, which was statistically significant (P=0.047). Parents’ satisfaction with the treatment was statistically significantly higher in the intervention group (94.4%) than in the control group (54.5%) (P=0.011). No significant drug complications were seen in any of the two groups.

In children with migraine, adding probiotics to migraine treatment reduces the intensity and number of days of children’s headaches and increases the Parents’ satisfaction with the treatment.

Bronchiectasis is a condition characterized by abnormal and permanent bronchial constriction that leads to sputum production and bronchial infection. The current study was done to evaluate the effects of symbiotic probiotics on the clinical manifestations and exacerbation of bronchiectasis.
26 patients in the placebo group (A) and 24 patients in the probiotic group (B) were allocated. In group A, patients took the placebo capsules two times daily for six months. In group B, patients took the LactoCare two times daily for six months.
The mean age of patients was 55.73±13.62 (group A) and 54.5±12.59 years (group B). Most of the patients had consumed azithromycin in both groups. The current study demonstrated there was no statistically significant difference between the decreased rate of pulmonary exacerbations in both groups. However, a decreasing trend was shown in the rate of pulmonary exacerbations without hospitalization (P=0.610). Also, there was a decreasing trend in the rate of pulmonary exacerbations leading to hospitalization (P=0.956). The most frequent etiologic pathogen was Pseudomonas sp. FEV1 and FVC/FEV1 ratios were higher in group B than in group A. However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B (P=0.908 vs 0.403).
The symbiotic probiotics were not effective in the clinical improvement of bronchiectasis, consumption of antibiotics, the rate of pulmonary exacerbations with or without hospitalization, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC, and microbiological pattern.

 Reports indicate that probiotics have beneficial effects on both the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases.

 This study aims to explore the overall inclination toward probiotic consumption, its trends, and its association with common gastrointestinal diseases.

 We conducted an ecological study utilizing Google Trends (GTs) and Global Concern data. We analyzed search terms related to “probiotic," “Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)," “Peptic," “Constipation," “Diarrhea," and “Stomach Cancer (SC)" across all searches performed on GTs from January 2014 to July 2023.

 Globally and in Iran, there has been an increasing interest in consuming probiotics over time. This increase is linked to a rise in cases of stomach cancer and irritable bowel syndrome, which, in turn, boosts the propensity to utilize probiotics. Globally, there is a direct correlation between probiotic consumption and IBS (R = +0.69, P = 0.0001), peptic disorders (R = +0.71, P = 0.001), Constipation (R = +0.93, P = 0.001), and diarrhea (R = +0.89, P = 0.001). In Iran, significant direct correlations were found between probiotic consumption and both constipation (R = +0.36, P = 0.001) and diarrhea (R = +0.40, P = 0.001). Among probiotic-containing products, yogurt was preferred over others worldwide and in Iran.

 The interest in probiotic use is high globally and in Iran. Consequently, there is a need for strategies to educate the public about the areas where the benefits of probiotics are well-supported by evidence and where information is either weak or lacking.

To develop a probiotic formulation for poultry feed, a few poultry gastrointestinal derived lactic acid bacteria (pGIT-d-LAB) were isolated from chicken intestinal specimens and in vitro experiment was performed to evaluate their efficacy as potential probiotic candidate.

A total of 6 strains of LAB: Lactobacillus brevis (L. brevis), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), Lactobacillus casei (L. casei), Pediococci spp, Lactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum) and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) were isolated and cultured for collection of Cell Free Supernatant (CFS). CFS collected was tested against pathogenic bacterial isolated from chicken feces as well as prevalent fungal pathogens, utilizing agar-well diffusion techniques. A preliminary investigation into the susceptibility of the pathogens to diverse antibiotics and antifungal drugs was conducted. Bacterial pathogens exhibiting resistance to a minimum of three classes of antibiotics were subsequently identified for pGIT-d-LAB CFS screening.

The observed results revealed that the CFS derived from the isolates exhibited varying degrees of growth inhibition against different pathogens. Among the tested pGIT-d-LAB isolates, L. acidophilus demonstrated the most prominent zone of inhibition, measuring 18 mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae ZTAC 1233. Notably, Citrobacter diversus ZTAC 1255 showed resistance to all tested pGIT-d-LAB. Quantification of the metabolites produced was performed, and peak production levels was determined. L. acidophilus produced the highest amount of lactic acid (1.789g/l), Pediococci spp. produced the highest amount of diacetyl and H202 (1.918g/l) (0.0025g/l) at 48 hr peak values respectively.

The test isolates are potential probiotic candidates for controlling pathogens in poultry.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent form of cancer worldwide. Recent studies suggest that postbiotics derived from probiotic bacteria have the potential as an adjunct therapy for CRC. This study investigates the anti-cancer effects of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) postbiotics on the HT-29 cell line.

Through MTT and scratch assay, we investigated the anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects of B. breve and L. rhamnosus postbiotics on HT-29 cells. Furthermore, postbiotic-mediated apoptosis was assessed by ana- lyzing the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3. We also investigated the effects of B. breve postbiotics on the expression of three important genes involved in metastasis, including RSPO2, NGF, and MMP7. Consequently, we validated the expres- sion of selected genes in twelve adenocarcinoma tissues.

The results demonstrated the significant impact of postbiotics on HT-29 cells, highlighting their ability to induce anti-proliferation, anti-migration, and apoptosis-related effects. Notably, these effects were more pronounced using B. breve postbiotics than L. rhamnosus. Additionally, B. breve postbiotics could inhibit metastasis through upregulation of RSPO2 while downregulating NGF and MMP7 expression in HT-29 cells.

Our research suggests that postbiotic metabolites may be effective biological products for the prevention and treatment of cancer.