جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « young adult » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Since important organs of brain-dead patients can be transplanted to patients in need, this study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the youth of Ivan to receive an organ donation card.
Materials &

This randomized clinical trial was performed on 80 people (40 people in each of the intervention and control groups). Samples were selected by two-stage random cluster sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection and data were analyzed by SPSS version 26 at a significance level of 0.05.

The mean age in the intervention and control groups was respectively 24.90±2.56 and 24.03±2.55 years. In both groups, 50% of the people were women. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of education level. The mean scores of the structures of the planned behavior theory (attitude, mental norm, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention) before the educational intervention in the intervention and control groups were not significantly different. After the educational intervention, the mean score of the structures of the planned behavior theory, including attitude (47.02±2.18 vs. 38.05±6.28), mental norm (17.47±2.03 vs. 13.42±2.38), perceived behavioral control (19.20±1.45 vs. 15.17±3.78), and behavioral intention (9.62±0.74 vs. 6.97±2.05) increased significantly in the intervention group (p<0.001) but in the control group, none of the structures had a significant improvement (p>0.05).

Training based on the theory of planned behavior led to a significant increase in its structures to receive an organ donation card in young people.

High-risk behaviors among different strata are one of the most severe health threats in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of high-risk behaviors among college students in Iran.

This study was a cross-sectional study with 144 new students in Tehran City, Iran, performed in 2018 using random sampling. The data collection tools included questions on demographic variables and Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) questionnaire. Students completed the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24 and descriptive tests.

In this study, all students were in their first year of university. The results showed that 66% of students were girls and 34% were boys. 6.9% and 9% of students did not wear helmets when riding motorcycles or sitting in the driver’s seat, respectively. Also, threatened and beaten once with a weapon such as a knife or a stick and physically assaulted or beaten once were seen in 9% and 3.6% of students, respectively.9.7% had taken money from their parents or others once without permission.

Based on the findings, many participants engage in high-risk behaviors that endanger their health; Therefore, designing and improving health programs and strategies is essential to reduce the risks and factors that cause high-risk behaviors. 

Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) is the ratio between produced CO2 and used O2 for body metabolism. It indicates the type of fuel that is metabolized in the body. This study aimed to measure and compare the RER in non-obese and obese sedentary young adults in rest, moderate-intensity, and vigorous-intensity exercise.

This cross-sectional study was conducted with 23 non-obese and 24 obese sedentary young adults. Resting RER was measured with 12-h fasting after 15-min rest with an automated gas analyzer. Then, RER was measured during steady moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity exercise on a cycle ergometer. RER was compared between males and females, non-obese and obese in resting, moderate-intensity, and vigorous-intensity exercise by t-test.

The Mean age of the non-obese and obese groups was 19.35±1.11 and 19.79±0.78 years, respectively. Males showed higher RER (in resting and moderate-intensity exercise) than females. In comparison to non-obese group, the obese group showed higher RER in resting (0.802±0.018 versus 0.821±0.022, P=0.001), moderate-intensity exercise (0.812±0.013 versus 0.83±0.02, P<0.001), and vigorous-intensity exercise (0.853±0.43 versus 0.914±0.032, P<0.001). Concerning resting value, RER significantly increased during moderate- and vigorous-intensity exercise in both the non-obese and obese groups.

Obese young adults use relatively more carbohydrates as fuel than non-obese in both resting conditions and during exercise. When the intensity of exercise increased, both obese and non-obese showed higher RER which indicates that sedentary young adults use relatively more carbohydrates as fuel in the higher grade of exercise.

Oral health literacy (OHL) is an interplay of cultural, social and individual factors and plays an effective role in public health promotion. This study aimed to assess OHL and its socioeconomic and demographic determinants among young couples.

This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 828 adults between 15 to 35 years in 2018 in Zanjan city. Data regarding their OHL were collected by using a 17-item Oral Health Literacy-Adult Questionnaire (OHL-AQ) that was filled out by a combination of self-report and interview. OHL was categorized as adequate, marginal, and inadequate. The effects of age and gender as demographic variables, and floor area per person as a proxy of financial status on OHL were also assessed. Data were analyzed using the linear and multinomial logistic regression models.

The mean OHL score was 7.86±3.83 out of 17 in equal number of males and females. Only 21% of the couples had adequate OHL. The socioeconomic, but not demographic variables had significant correlations with the qualitative and quantitative variables of OHL even after controlling for the effect of confounders. A correlation was particularly found between inadequate OHL and years of education [odds ratio:6.00; 95% CI: 3.86-9.28); P<0.001].

Socioeconomic factors had independent correlations with inadequate OHL. Participants with higher levels of education, those living in urban areas, and individuals with better financial status had higher levels of OHL and lower odds of inadequate OHL.

There is a substantial gap in the eating behaviors between the sexes. We aimed to analyze the predictors of eating behaviors by sex in the young adult population.

We used the data of the sixth and seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency last 2013–2018. Data from 2,502 women and 2,101 men aged 19–29 yr were included in the analysis using frequency, percentage, x2-test, and multiple logistic regression.

Education (0.612, CI=0.465~0.805), economic status (2.104, CI=1.435-3.086), marital status (3.162, CI=2.356~4.243), and household structure (0.403, CI=0.208~0.782) were identified to predict the frequency of dining-out in women, while marital status (0.302, CI=0.121~0.749), economic activity (1.969, CI=1.483~2.613), and household structure (0.243, CI=0.137~0.432) predicted dining-out frequency in men. The current smoking status predicted most eating behaviors, including breakfast skipping frequency (1.864, CI=1.318~2.637), use of supplements (2.062, CI=1.439~2.953), and use of nutrition labels (1.545, 1.084~2.204) for men. Meanwhile, nutrition labeling was used less in both men (0.550, CI=0.343~0.882) and women (0.646, CI=0.473~0.882) who subjective body recognition as obesity.

The factors that primarily predicted the frequency of dining out in young women and the behavior of breakfast skipping, use of nutrition labels, and frequency of dining-out in men can be used as foundational data for developing sex-specific intervention programs to improve eating behaviors.

High-level sounds in recreational activities are known as one of the leading causes of developing noise-induced hearing loss, particularly in adolescents and young adults. Thus, this study aimed to explore the practicality of a hearing preservation education program in modifying listening behaviors concerning recreational noise exposure and Personal Listening Device (PLD) use in adolescents and young adults.

Two hundred students, both male and female (n=100, each) between 15 and 18 years old were chosen to participate. These students engaged in the hearing preservation education program and filled in pre-education, post-education, and follow-up questionnaires. The questionnaire assessed the students’ awareness, intention, attitudes, and motivation concerning recreational noise exposure and safe PLD usage. The materials were prepared by an expert panel of audiologists and then remarked as comprehensible by teachers of the target age group.

There were significant differences in preferred volume levels and preferred listening levels of PLD, as well as the duration of PLD usage among pre-education, post-education, and follow-up questionnaire measurements (p<0.001). Notably, education significantly altered the students’ awareness, intention, attitudes, and motivation concerning recreational noise exposure among the three experimental conditions (p<0.001).

Providing a fundamental guide and effective education to adolescents and young adults will help them to use PLD safely, expand their awareness and knowledge, and consequently revise their attitudes and listening behaviors.

 Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common subepidermal autoimmune vesiculobullous disorder. It mainly affects the elderly, with a mean age at presentation of 69 to 83 years and an incidence of 7 to 43 per million population in European studies. Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is rarely encountered in young people, with an incidence rate of less than 0.5 cases per million population in individuals less than 50 years.

 A 28-year-old male presented with fluid-filled lesions over his right forearm for three days. Also, an 18-year-old male presented with fluid-filled lesions over his face, hands, groin, and legs for two months. In both cases, histopathology and direct immunofluorescence confirmed BP.

 Though BP is rare in young individuals, it should be considered one of the differentials of vesiculobullous disorders. Herein, we reported two cases of BP in young people at unusual sites.

Researchers have examined the association between self‑esteem and obesity in past studies. However, most studies have focused on pediatric or adolescent populations. In this pilot study, we aim to explore the association of self‑esteem with weight status in young adults, a group of individuals in a significant and pivotal period of their lives whose needs and challenges have received little attention in previous studies.

Exactly 127 college juniors and seniors in the Midwest participated in late 2017. For our survey, we collected the following information: body weight, height, self‑esteem score from the state self‑esteem scale, grade point average, risk of eating disorders, sleep quality, nutritional behavior, lifestyle (smoking, frequency of exercise, alcohol drinking, average daily time watching television, playing video games, and social media use), and demographic and socioeconomic background. We used logistic regression for our analysis.

The logistic regression indicates that a one‑point increase in the self‑esteem score was negatively associated with a young adult’s odds of having an unhealthy weight (being overweight or obese) by approximately 3%. Furthermore, soda drinking is a statistically significant factor associated with weight status.

This finding suggests self‑esteem is positively associated with a healthy weight in young adults. A larger‑scale study should be conducted in the future to validate this relationship and better understand young adults’ needs.

To assess the prevalence and associated factors of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) in young women with low to moderate Physical Activity (PA) levels.

Women with low to moderate PA, aged between 18 and 40 years, were enrolled in this study. A Thai version of the Kujala patellofemoral questionnaire (KPQ), history taking, and physical examination were used to screen and confirm the diagnosis of PFPS. Demographic features, including age, Body Mass Index (BMI), PA, knee alignment, and static foot posture, were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine confounding factors associated with PFPS.

A total of 1011 women with a Mean±SD age of 25.51±6.79 years participated in this study. The prevalence of PFPS was 15%. Age, BMI, PA, knee alignment, and static foot posture were not significantly associated with PFPS in this population.

Although the participants were young adults with low to moderate PA, the prevalence of PFPS was in the same range as the highly active groups. None of the factors investigated in this study could predict PFPS occurrence. Based on the findings, the risk factors of PFPS seem to be complex and individualized. The early diagnosis and treatment of PFPS should therefore be considered in this age group.

To report a case of bilateral central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) associated with coronavirus‑19 (COVID‑19) infection.

A 43‑year‑old man presented to the emergency department with flu‑like symptoms, severe erythema, a rash on his face, and respiratory distress. He was admitted to the intensive care unit, and the reverse transcriptase‑polymerase chain reaction test was positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‑2 virus. The routine blood work was unremarkable. The dermatologist noted positive Nikolsky’s sign, and the patient was diagnosed with Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), which affected 18% of his body and was later confirmed by skin biopsy. Later, he reported worsening vision.

Ophthalmic examination and fundus fluorescein angiography showed bilateral CRVO. Despite best medical efforts, including treatment with systemic dexamethasone and remdesivir, the patient died on the 6 days of his hospitalization.

This was a rare bilateral CRVO and SJS case in a young patient, probably caused by the COVID‑19 infection.

Lifestyle changes are associated with an increased incidence of stroke especially in young adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lifestyle of ischemic stroke cases under the age of 50 years.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on young adults with ischemic stroke who were admitted to some hospitals, Tehran, Iran between 2018 and 2019. Total lifestyle information collected in the form then was compared in males and females.

Totally 11% ischemic stroke was under age 50 years. 60.7% of young adult patients were men. There was significant difference between body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.03), type of job (P = 0.04), physical activity (P = 0.02), fruit and vegetables consumption, and gender of patients (P = 0.02).

According to the association between inappropriate lifestyle and ischemic stroke in young adults, it is recommended to set preventive medicine and health promotion units with insurance coverage in all clinics for risk assessment of stroke in healthy general population specialty young adults

The alarming trends of obesity/overweight in youth have been interested policy makers and other stakeholders to exact follow and analysis of related scientific evidence. The present paper quantify the trends of outputs of youth obesity/overweight researches in Middle East countries.

The Scopus database systematically searched as the most comprehensive multidisciplinary database, for all related obesity/overweight that focused on youth age groups concerns, from 2000 to 2017. These scientometrics analysis included the trends of scientific products, citations, and other scientometric index in Middle East countries.

During 2000–2017, in the field of youth obesity, 2350 papers published (0.40% of total 591,105 indexed paper of this region) by Middle East countries. In this regard, Iran with 574 publication (24.43%) had the first rank. After that Turkey and Saudi Arabia, respectively, with 489 (20.81%) and 313 (13.32%) papers, had the next ranks. Over 18‑year period, based on the findings all of Eastern Mediterranean countries follow the progressive plans for topics related to youth obesity. Between them, Iran and Turkey have significant growth rates (0.77% and 0.40%, respectively). Scientometric indicators such as “number of published papers,” “number of citations” confirmed that during the 2000–2017 the P‑trends of total number of related published papers and the correspond citations, in region countries, were significant (2168 papers and 34,132 citations, P < 0.001).

Most of countries at global and regional levels follow ascending trends in publications and citations in obesity/overweight fields. Iran’s position has grown significantly among them. Maintaining and promoting this position requires careful planning and special attention. The findings also could be used for better health policy and complementary researches.

Critical nutrition literacy (CNL) plays an important role in how college students make everyday decisions about nutrition choices. Increasing CNL is an aim of many introductory nutrition courses, but there are limited instruments measuring this construct. This study aimed to assess the changeability of CNL and the relationship between CNL and markers of diet quality in young adults. DESIGN: This was a two‑phase research project consisting of a nonexperimental, pre–post study and a cross‑sectional assessment from 2018 to 2019. Participants were U.S. college students, 18‑24 years old, recruited from introductory‑level courses from three participating universities, located in Rhode Island, West Virginia, and New Jersey.

Interventions consisted of (1) a 4‑credit, 13‑week nutrition course and (2) a cross‑sectional, online behavior, environment, and perception survey. CNL was measured using the Revised CNL Tool (CNLT‑R) instrument across both phases. Measures for phases include: (1) the changeability of CNL and (2) the relationship between CNL and markers of diet quality. ANALYSIS: Paired t‑tests and multivariate analysis of variance were utilized through SPSS version 25.0.

CNL score significantly increased from baseline to postintervention from 3.38 ± 0.48 to 3.61 ± 0.55 (P = 0.014). There was an overall significant effect of CNL on markers of diet quality, such as cups of fruits and vegetables (F/V) and teaspoons of added sugar (F [2,1321] = 3.12, P < 0.05; Wilks’ Λ = 0.99).

This research found that an introduction to nutrition course was associated with an increase in CNL and that CNL is related to diet quality. The instrument could be used by nutrition educators as an outcome assessment. Future research should investigate other components of the CNL construct as well as predictive validity.

 The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between personality traits and dieting self-efficacy as well as health behaviors among emerging adult women.

In this cross-sectional study, the sample consisted of 161 participants in age from 19 to 25 years, who were administered the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory, the Health Behaviors Inventory (HBI), and the Dieting Self-Efficacy Scale (DIET-SE).

Our findings indicated that personality traits explained both health behaviors and dieting self-efficacy (F = 6.21, df = 5,155, P < 0.001, F = 6.42, df = 5,155, P < 0.001, respectively). Neuroticism (B = -0.45, P < 0.01) and agreeableness (B = 0.39, P < 0.01) were investigated as significant predictors of females’ health behaviors, whereas extraversion (B = -0.40, P < 0.001), agreeableness (B = 0.20, P < 0.05), and conscientiousness (B = 0.33, P < 0.01) were related to dieting self-efficacy. In addition, the results suggested the mediational effect of dieting self-efficacy in the relationship between personality traits (i.e., consciousness and agreeableness) and general health behaviors.

The role of personality traits for dieting self-efficacy as well as physical health among emerging adult women was confirmed. As dieting self-efficacy turned out to be a mediation factor, the findings may be used in psychoeducation for patients.

The current study aimed at validating the 26-item Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation scale (SL-ASIA) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in first-generation young adult Middle Eastern (ME) migrants, and also exploring the agreement between the outcomes of linear and orthogonal approaches of acculturation using SL-ASIA. The CFA and convergent and discriminant validity measures were employed to validate the original linear SL-ASIA and the subsequently designed orthogonal SL-ASIA for first-generation young adult ME migrants in Australia (n = 382). Cohen’s Kappa coefficient was used to measure the agreement between classifications obtained by the linear and orthogonal methods of measuring acculturation. The CFAs of the initial six-factor 21-item linear scale and the two-factor five-item orthogonal scale indicated poor fits. However, after model specification and validation, satisfactory fit and validity indices were achieved for the modified scales. The validated linear SL-ASIA comprised five factors and 15 items, and the validated orthogonal SL-ASIA comprised two factors and four items. The Kappa coefficient showed a high level of consistency between the linear and orthogonal models of acculturation, confirming that the use of either scale can lead to similar research outcomes. The study also supports the use of the validated linear and/or orthogonal scales to measure acculturation. This finding responds to the existing gap in the literature that until now, no acculturation scale is validated for ME migrants, and also no study is conducted to validate the orthogonal SL-ASIA.

Cancer in adolescent and young adults (AYA) includes people who are diagnosed with cancer at the age of 15–39. One of the main concerns and consequences of AYA cancer treatment in both sexes is infertility. Premature ovarian failure (POF) is common in multimodal chemotherapy regimens. There is a significant difference in the sensitivity of the ovary to drugs.In conclusion, in young cancer women, oophoropexy, infertility counseling, and embryo or oocyte cryopreservation should be considered. Medroxyprogesterone, oral contraceptive pill (OCP), or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) should be prescribed in the risk of menorrhagia.

Preliminary evidence indicates that subclinical cardiometabolic abnormalities are present in apparently healthy nonobese young adults. Poor dietary habits may be a contributing factor.

The objective of this study was to examine the presence of cardiometabolic abnormalities in apparently healthy college students and to assess the relationship between diet quality and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Cross‑sectional anthropometric, lipidemia, and glucose tolerance, blood pressure, and dietary Healthy Eating Index (HEI) data were collected (April 2015). Participants were undergraduate students. Ordinary least squares regression was used to examine associations between diet quality and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Participants (n = 147) were primarily nonHispanic Caucasian between 18 and 22 years and largely nonobese (95.0% of females, 85.1% of males). Total HEI score was 56.1 ± 16.1 for females and 53.2 ± 15.0 for males. Mean biochemical and clinical outcomes fell within normal limits. However, 71.0% of females and 80.9% of males met ≥1 or more metabolic syndrome criteria. HEI was not related to health outcomes.

Cardiometabolic abnormalities are present in a large proportion of apparently healthy undergraduates which may place them at risk for future cardiometabolic complications. There was no relationship between diet quality and cardiometabolic health

Given the young structure of Iran’s population and the fact that extramarital sexual relationships are both prohibited by legislation and shunned by society and religion, examining condom use practices among Iranian youth is highly important. The aim of this study was to explore condom use and its correlates among Iranian young adults. In a sample of 3,045 individuals aged 19-29 who were recruited from a nation-wide study, we analyzed data from 633 participants who reported a history of extramarital sex. Subjects were asked about their condom use practices during their last penetrative sex. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire where the respondents completed the survey on their own and passed it to trained gender-matched interviewers. Multivariable regression models were constructed to report adjusted odds ratios (AOR) along with 95% CI. Of the 633 participants, 222 (35.1%) reported condom use at last sex. Men reported significantly higher condom use than women (38.5% vs. 25.7%). Having a stable job (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.43), higher knowledge of condom use (AOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.37) and sexual transmission of HIV (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.85) were positively associated with condom use at last sex. Conversely, experience of sex under the influence of substances (AOR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.94) was significantly associated with reduced odds of condom use at last sex. This study shows that only one out of every three young adults reported using condoms at last sex. While educational programs are helpful, multi-sectoral approaches (eg, individual-, community-, and structural-level interventions) are required to change sexual behaviours towards safe sex practices and reinforce negotiating condom use among youth.