جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ایمنی » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

This experiment was conducted for 10 weeks (40 to 52 weeks old) to investigate the effect of different sources and levels of zinc on the immune and antioxidant performance of laying hens. For this purpose, 240 high-line laying hens (36-W) were used in a completely randomized design, with 8 treatments and 5 replications (6 birds per replication). The experimental treatments include 1- control (without zinc supplement), treatment 2, 3, and 4, respectively, including the control diet + 80, 120, and 160 mg/kg of zinc sulfate with a purity of 34%, and treatment 5, 6 and 7, respectively The control diet included 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg zinc hydroxy chloride with 55% purity, and treatment 8 included the control diet + 124 mg/kg zinc-methionine complex. The findings showed that, in general, different levels of zinc supplementation in organic and hydroxy form caused significant improvement in feed conversion ratio, shell weight, Haugh unit, and blood glucose reduction compared to other treatments. During the test, organic and hydroxy sources increased antibodies against the influenza vaccine (P<0.05). Also, treatments containing zinc supplements increased superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity (P<0.05). This increase was associated with a decrease in serum malondialdehyde (P<0.05). Different levels and sources of zinc had no significant effect on shape index, yolk color, and glutathione peroxidase level (P<0.05). The results show that adding hydroxy chloride at 100 mg/kg can improve the antioxidant and safety indicators of eggs.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of astaxanthin on immunological and enzymatic hemolymph parameters of the oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). In this research, two hundred and twenty-five prawns with mean weight of 1.40±0.05 gram were fed by five dietary treatments and three replications including different levels of astaxanthin containing zero (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 milligrams astaxanthin per kilogram diet for eight weeks. At the end of the culture period, after collecting the hemolymph of prawns, immunological parameters and hemolymph enzymes of the samples were evaluated by experimental kits, ELISA reader instrument and optical microscope. The results of the study showed that the innate immune and enzymatic hemolymph parameters of prawn hemolymph were affected by different levels of astaxanthin (P<0.05). With increasing dietary astaxanthin levels, the immunochemical parameters such as albumin and total protein of prawn hemolymph increased significantly while cortisol levels decreased (P<0.05). Cellular immunity parameters such as total hemocyte count, granular cells, semi-granular cells and hyaline cells, also increased significantly with increasing dietary astaxanthin (P<0.05). Hemolymph enzymes such as lysozyme and phenol oxidase were higher in treatments containing astaxanthin than control treatment, while alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Finally, the findings of this study showed that increasing dietary astaxanthin levels improves the non-specific immune response and enzymatic hemolymph parameters of the oriental river prawn and adding 150 milligrams per kilogram of this pigment to the diet was suggested to improve the parameters that mentioned of this prawn.

As protein is the most expensive ingredient in feedstuffs, stable dairy farming is achieved with feeding high quality diets with balanced amino acids in diet. Present study was done to evaluate the effect of adding amino acids in starter with moderate crude protein and to compare it with high protein starter without amino acid. To do this, 48 males and females Holstein dairy calves were studied from 3 until 70 days of age. Experimental diets included: (1) 18% CP in starter with 20% more methionine and lysine, (2) 18% CP in starter with 20% more lysine and methionine and 10% more threonine, (3) 18% CP in starter with 20% more lysine, methionine and threonine and (4) 22% CP in starter without amino acids. During whole period and before weaning, calves in treatment 1 had higher starter intake. Calves fed with higher crude protein, had higher feed conversion ratio. Daily weight gain and final weight was not different between treatments. Experimental diets had no   significantly effect on blood parameters. Only at the end of experiment, calves fed with higher crude protein without amino acids, had higher BUN. Calves fed with 20 percent more lysine, methionine and threonine (diet 3), had fewer bouts of diarrhea and body temperature. Overall, the results of the present study showed that adding lysine, methionine and threonine amino acids, did not have significant effects on growth performance and immunity blood parameters. However, starter diet with moderate crude protein level, utilized more efficiently than starter with higher crude protein level.

Lycopene pigment is one of the most important carotenoids in terms of antioxidant functions and desirable effect on immune-related processes due to the longest hydrocarbon chain among carotenoids with eleven double bonds. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of lycopene pigment on biochemical, immunity and enzymatic hemolymph parameters of the oriental river prawn. In this research, two hundred and twenty-five prawns with mean weight of 1.40±0.07 gram were fed by five dietary treatments and three replications including different levels of lycopene zero (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 milligrams lycopene per kilogram diet for fifty-six days. At the end of the culture period, after collecting the hemolymph of the studied prawns, biochemical, immunity and hemolymph enzymes parameters of the samples were evaluated by experimental kits, ELISA reader instrument and optical microscope. The results of the study showed that the biochemical, immunity and enzymatic parameters of prawn hemolymph were affected by different levels of lycopene pigment. With increasing dietary lycopene levels, the biochemical indices of albumin and total protein of prawn hemolymph increased significantly while cortisol levels decreased. Immunity parameters such as total hemocyte count, granular cells, semi-granular cells and hyaline cells, also increased significantly with increasing dietary lycopene. Hemolymph enzymes such as lysozyme and phenol oxidase were higher in treatments containing lycopene pigment than control treatment, while alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced and alkaline phosphatase were not affected by different levels of lycopene pigment. Finally, the findings of this study showed that increasing dietary lycopene levels improved the biochemical, immunity and enzymatic hemolymph parameters of the oriental river prawn and adding 200 milligrams per kilogram of this pigment to the diet was suggested to improve the parameters that mentioned of this prawn.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lyophilization on which strain in comparison with acute strain in the development of immune response in BALB/c mice. To this end, 40 BALB/c mice were divided into 5 groups each of 8 heads. The first group: NC1 (acute strain), the second group: lyophilized NC1 (acute strain), the third group: NCR (attenuated strain), the fourth group: lyophilized NCR (attenuated strain), and the fifth group: control. Three weeks after induction of vaccines, blood sampling was performed for ELISA and interferon-gamma tests. The results showed that the hemorrhagic immune system performed well (P <0.05, OR (CI95%)), and all four immunosuppressed groups had a significant difference in humoral immune response compared to the control group. An important result was the interferon test, which revealed that the lyophilized form in the acute strain had no significant difference in the level of interferon gamma compared to the control group, while lyophilized attenuated strain also had a significant difference between the levels of IFN-γ compared to the control (P <0.05, OR (CI95%)). This study showed that the lyophilized attenuated strain N.caninum is also able to produce a humoral and cell mediated immune and can be considered as an appropriate candidate for further studies on vaccine production.

Optimal levels of minerals in the diet are crucial for improving performance and immune response against the environmental stresses.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of water supplementation of chelated trace mineral (CTM) on growth performance, hematology, blood biochemistry, antioxidant status, and antibody response in broilers reared under heat stress condition.

A total of 240 male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allocated into one of the following five treatments (each consisting of four replicates): (1) positive control (PC; thermoneutral condition), (2) negative control (NC; heat stress condition), (3) low-CTM (NC + low CTM level in tap water), (4) medium-CTM (NC + medium CTM level in tap water),  and (4) high-CTM (NC + high CTM level in tap water). The CTM levels in the tap water for the low-CTM treatment were 0.1, 0.15, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.45 mg/bird/day on days 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, and 41-50, respectively. The respective values were 1.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.0, and 4.5 for the medium-CTM, and 10, 15, 30, 40, and 45 mg/bird/day for the high-CTM water.

The average weight gain during the whole experimental period in the medium-CTM treatment was higher compared to that in the negative control treatment, but lower than that in the positive control treatment (P<0.05). The heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and total antibody titers against Newcastle disease in the medium-CTM and high-CTM groups were similar to those of the broilers in the PC group, yet better (P<0.05) those of the NC group. The serum superoxide dismutase activity was also higher (P<0.05) in the high-CTM group compared to that of the NC group.

The results suggested that the water supplementation of CTM at a moderate level (1.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.0, and 4.5 mg/bird/day during different rearing periods) could be a strategy to ameliorate the detrimental effects of heat stress in broilers.

The poultry industry is one of the most important source of protein supply in human societies which is always challenge by various diseases like Newcastle. It is essential to improve immune function to prevent serious damage in poultry herds. Peliom is a herbal medicine, PelargoniumSidoides root extract that is able to cure acutebronchit and symptoms of bronchits, commoncold and symptoms, Asthma, Bactrial and viral disease and improvement of immunue system. This study is, The Effects Of Peliom On Immunity, growth performance, Feed conversion raito in broilers chicks. In this study, 100 Ross308 broilers were randomly divide into five treatment groups. Different dosage of peliom were add to water three days before and after of vaccination and 10 birds from each group selected for blood sampling in order to evalue antibody titrs against Newcastle, HI test were performed in 1,14,21,28,35,42th days. In 35th day Newcastle velogenic virus was injected to eight birds from each group. In this study peliom had no significant effect on food intake, appetite, FCR. after 3th week Peliom (dose-dependent) was able to improve significantly the antibody against Newcastle in some of the treatments studied (P <0.05).

The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of different levels of milk thistle extract on productive performance, blood parameters and egg quality in laying hens imposed to dexamethasone-induced stress. The 2×3 factorial experiment was managed in a completely randomized design with 72 Hy- Line (W36) laying hens in 6 treatments and 4 replicates of 3 birds each. The experiment was carried out from the age of 75 to 81 weeks. Hens were weighed and either remained uninjected or received injections dexamethasone (0 and 4 mg per bird). The milk thistle extract were included at 0, 100 and 200 mg/kg in diets. The dexamethasone injections caused reductions in egg production percentage and egg mass in the throughout the experimental period (P<0.05). Laying hens imposed to dexamethasone-induced stress had the highest feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). The highest amount of lymphocytes in blood were observed in groups supplemented with 200 mg/kg of milk thistle extract (P<0.05). HDL content in serum was increased by the inclusion of milk thistle extract (200 mg/kg) (P<0.05). Adding of milk thistle extract to the diet of laying hens caused a significant decrease in LDL content in serum (P<0.05). In general, stress induced by dexamethasone injection reduced egg production and increased feed conversion ratio and addition of milk thistle extract to the diet had no positive impact on performance in laying hens.

In order to compensate for the elimination of antibiotics from the poultry industry, finding suitable alternatives to improve the productive traits and the health of the birds is essential. Among them, naturally occurring compounds and additives are one of the best options in this regard.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium humate and probiotic application and their interactions on feeding broiler chicks on biochemical, immunological and blood metabolites of broiler chicks.

336 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used from 1 to 42 days old. A 3×2 factorial experiment on the basis of completely randomized design was done with four replications. Experimental factors were: three sodium humate levels (0, 0.35 and 0.45% of diet) and two probiotic levels (0 and 0.02% of diet).

The best feed conversion ratio was obtained at the finisher 1 and 2 and the whole period at the use of 0.35% of diet (P ≤0.05). The highest live weight of the last course was obtained in the treatment of 0.35% sodium humate in diet (P ≤0.05). The production index improved at a level of 0.35% of sodium humate compared to other treatments (P ≤0.05). The percentage of carcass was higher in the group receiving probiotic and sodium humate than the control group. The abdominal fat pad percentage was lower in the probiotic and humate sodium group than in the control group (P<0.05). In terms of interactions, villi length was highest in treatments receiving 0.35 of sodium humate and 0.02% of probiotic in  diet, as well as 0.45%  of sodium humate and 0.02%  probiotic in  diet (P<0.05). The highest levels of SRBC and G-type immunoglobulin were obtained in groups receiving 0.45% sodium humate and 0.02% probiotic in diet.

In conclusion, use of sodium humate about 0.35% and probiotic 0.02% in diet of broiler chicks improves the growth performance, carcass traits  and morphological characteristics of the intestine.

In order to compensate for the elimination of antibiotics from the poultry industry, finding suitable alternatives to improve the productive traits and the health of the birds is essential. Among them, naturally occurring compounds and additives are one of the best options in this regard.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium humate and probiotic application and their interactions on feeding broiler chicks on biochemical, immunological and blood metabolites of broiler chicks.

336 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used from 1 to 42 days old. A 3×2 factorial experiment on the basis of completely randomized design was done with four replications. Experimental factors were: three sodium humate levels (0, 0.35 and 0.45% of diet) and two probiotic levels (0 and 0.02% of diet).

The best feed conversion ratio was obtained at the finisher 1 and 2 and the whole period at the use of 0.35% of diet (P ≤0.05). The highest live weight of the last course was obtained in the treatment of 0.35% sodium humate in diet (P ≤0.05). The production index improved at a level of 0.35% of sodium humate compared to other treatments (P ≤0.05). The percentage of carcass was higher in the group receiving probiotic and sodium humate than the control group. The abdominal fat pad percentage was lower in the probiotic and humate sodium group than in the control group (P<0.05). In terms of interactions, villi length was highest in treatments receiving 0.35 of sodium humate and 0.02% of probiotic in  diet, as well as 0.45%  of sodium humate and 0.02%  probiotic in  diet (P<0.05). The highest levels of SRBC and G-type immunoglobulin were obtained in groups receiving 0.45% sodium humate and 0.02% probiotic in diet.

In conclusion, use of sodium humate about 0.35% and probiotic 0.02% in diet of broiler chicks improves the growth performance, carcass traits  and morphological characteristics of the intestine.

The present study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of different levels of herbal additives of milk thistle and nettle on performance indices, immune parameters and egg yolk cholesterol. A total of 90 laying hens were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups, 6 replicates of 3 birds each in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments included control group and different amounts of milk thistle (0.5 and 1.5%) and nettle (0.5 and 1.5%). Results showed that adding of milk thistle (1.5%) to laying hens ration improved egg mass and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Using of milk thistle and nettle had not effect on shell quality. The highest yolk index was found out in the eggs from hens that were fed 1.5% of milk thistle in contrast to hens fed the control treatment without milk thistle (P<0.05). Egg yolk cholesterol amount was not affected by different levels of milk thistle and nettle powder. There were no significant differences in concentrations of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL in plasma. Using of milk thistle (1.5%) fortified immune indices by decrease of heterophile percentage and heterophile to lymphocyte ratio (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the supplementation of laying hens diet with milk thistle (1.5%) has positive effects on performance and immune system.